Qianwei Mòlìhuā Chá (Qiánwéi mòlìhuā chá, 犍为茉莉花茶) itiye le-jasmine lasesifundeni sase-Qianwei (犍为县) esifundeni sasedolobheni i-Leshan, esifundazweni sase-Sichuan. Isisekelo itiye eliluhlaza, iphunga elimnandi liyi-jasmine yendawo entsha, futhi inqubo ekhethekile “ukukhetha nokugazinga izimbali” (择花、炒花): esigabeni sokugcina izimbali zigazingwa ebhodweni kanye netiye. Izinga lase-Leshan libiza le nqubo ngokuthi ukhiye wephunga “熟香韵味” - “iphunga elivuthiwe elinokujula”. Leli gama livikelwa njengomkhiqizo onesibonakaliso sezindawo kusukela ngo-2010.
1. Ukuhlukaniswa kanye Nemvelaphi
- Uhlobo: Itiye elinongwe ngezimbali (花茶, huāchá) ngesisekelo esiluhlaza. Ngokwezinga lase-Leshan DB5111/T 8-2021, iqabunga alikho coarser kunehlumela elinamaqabunga amabili, livela ezihlahleni zezithelo ezincane neziphakathi nendawo, liyalungiswa, liyakhiwa, liyomiswa futhi liyaqedwa; le nto engaphelele, ehlangabezana nezinga letiye eliluhlaza GB/T 14456.1, inongwa nge-jasmine entsha yase-Qianwei. Ngakho-ke lesi sihloko siphakathi kweziluhlaza, njengamanye amatiye e-jasmine ochungechungeni.
- Isigaba: Itiye le-jasmine lase-Sichuan; umkhiqizo onesibonakaliso sezindawo kanye nezimpawu ezimbili ezihlangene.
- Imvelaphi: I-China, isifundazwe sase-Sichuan (四川, Sìchuān), isifunda sedolobha i-Leshan (乐山, Lèshān), isifunda sase-Qianwei (犍为, Qiánwéi).
- Izindlela zokuvikela: Izinga le-DB5111/T 8-2021 lihlanganisa ukubhaliswa okuthathu: umkhiqizo onesibonakaliso sezindawo ngokwesimemezelo se-AQSIQ sika-2010 No. 145 kanye nezimpawu ezimbili ezihlangene - “犍为茉莉花茶” (No. 11650211 ohlwini lwase-Sichuan lwangoMashi 2018) kanye ne “犍为茉莉茶”, inhlangano ekhiphe izinga leqembu T/QWCX 002-2022.
- Indawo yokuvikela: Indawo yamanje yokuphatha yesifunda; isithasiselo sezinga sibala amalokishi angu-15, phakathi kwabo i-Qingxi, i-Yujin, i-Luocheng ne-Shixi.
- Izixhumanisi zendawo: Ayikho idatha etholakala emithonjeni etholiwe.
2. Umlando kanye Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko
- Umlando:
- Cishe iminyaka engamakhulu amathathu ye-jasmine. “Cishe iminyaka engu-300” kubhala i-”Fengmian Xinwen” (2020) kanye ne-”Sichuan Nongcun Ribao” (2024), “iminyaka engaphezu kuka-300” i-”Renmin Wang” (2023) kanye ne-portal yesifunda; abayinikezi imithombo yokuqala.
- Izihloko. Ngokwe-”Fengmian Xinwen”, isifunda sinezihloko “中国茉莉之乡” (ikhaya le-jasmine lase-China) kanye ne “中国茉莉茶之都” (inhloko-dolobha yetiye le-jasmine lase-China).
- 2010. I-AQSIQ ngesimemezelo No. 145 yathatha “犍为茉莉花茶” ngaphansi kokuvikelwa.
- 2020. NgoMeyi 1 elokishini lase-Qingxi kwavulwa “Ipaki Lomhlaba Le-Jasmine” (世界茉莉博览园). Inhlangano yakhipha izinga leqembu T/QWCX 001-2020.
- 2021–2022. I-Leshan yagunyaza izinga le-DB5111/T 8-2021, inhlangano yakhipha uchungechunge lwamazinga e-qembu ayisikhombisa e-T/QWCX ka-2022.
- 2024. Ngokwe-”Sichuan Nongcun Ribao”, ngenxa yesidingo seziphuzo ezintsha zetiye ze-gardenia, abanye abalimi baqala ukutshala i-gardenia esikhundleni se-jasmine; isifunda sethula uxhaso lwamasimu amasha e-jasmine - ama-yuan angu-1800 nge-mu, e-Qingxi - angu-2000.
- Igama: “Qianwei” (犍为) yigama lesifunda; “mòlìhuā chá” (茉莉花茶, mòlìhuā chá) - “itiye elinezimbali ze-jasmine”. I-jasmine yendawo yesifunda ikhuthazwa ngaphansi kwegama “金犍茉莉”.
- Ukubaluleka kwamasiko: I-”Renmin Wang” ibiza leli tiye ngokuthi lendabuko, elenziwe abatshali betiye bendawo. Ngo-2020, kanye nepaki, kwavulwa umkhosi wesihlanu wesifunda wamasiko we-jasmine.
3. Incazelo Yezitshalo kanye Nezinto Ezingavuthiwe
- Isitshalo se-aromatizer: I-Jasmine (茉莉, mòlì; Jasminum sambac). I-portal yesifunda ichaza imbali yendawo njengenkulu, enamacembe awugqinsi, emhlophe qwa futhi ecebile ngamafutha abalulekile. I-variety ayiqanjwanga emithonjeni etholiwe.
- Izidingo zezimbali: Ngokwezinga lase-Leshan - amahlumela amakhulu amhlophe ngobusuku obandulela ukuvuleka, ane-calyx ne-pedicel; izimbali ezivuliwe, eziluhlaza neziqoqwe emvuleni azamukelwa.
- Ukuqhakaza: Kusukela ngoMeyi kuya ku-Okthoba, ukuqoqwa ngezikhathi eziningana. Ngokwe-portal yesifunda, izimbali ziqoqwa emini futhi ziyiswa efemini ngaphambi kokuhlwa: eziphume ebusuku azisasebenzi.
- Isisekelo setiye: Iqabunga alikho coarser kunehlumela elinamaqabunga amabili; i-variety yezihlahla zetiye ayiqanjwanga emithonjeni etholiwe.
4. I-Terroir kanye Nezici Zokutshala
- Isimo sezulu: Ngokwe-portal yesifunda - isimo sezulu esishisayo esinomswakama, esinezinkathi ezine ezicacile. Ayikho idatha yokuphakama nenhlabathi emithonjeni etholiwe.
- Isilinganiso: Ngokwe-portal yesifunda, ngo-2024 - 86,000 mu we-jasmine kanye ne-265,000 mu wezingadi zetiye; ama-mu angu-86,000 e-jasmine abizwa nge-”Sichuan Nongcun Ribao”.
- Indawo phakathi kwezifunda: I-”Renmin Wang” (2023) ibeka i-Qianwei phakathi kwezisekelo ezine ezinkulu ze-jasmine ezweni kanye ne-Hengxian (Guangxi), i-Yuanjiang (Yunnan) ne-Fuzhou (Fujian).
- Isifunda esiyinhloko: Ilokishi lase-Qingxi (清溪镇): ngokwe-portal yesifunda, ama-mu angu-12,000 e-jasmine kanye namathani angu-4,400 etiye le-jasmine ngonyaka.
5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza
Izigaba ngokwezinga le-DB5111/T 8-2021; angizange ngilibone izinga lobuchwepheshe lenhlangano T/QWCX 006-2022.
- Ukulungiselela isisekelo: Into engaphelele iyomiswa kuze kube umswakama ongaphansi kuka-4.5% bese iyapholiswa.
- Ukunakekela izimbali (鲜花维护): Izimbali ziyasakazwa bese ziqoqwa ngenqwaba, kugcinwa ingqikithi ingashisi ngaphezu kuka-40 °C; zinongwa lapho u-90% wamahlumela evuleke “njengenqina lehlosi”.
- Ukunonga (窨花, xūnhuā): Isisekelo nezimbali ziyahlanganiswa futhi zifakwe ngenqwaba yokuphakama okungu-20-35 cm.
- Ukupholisa (通花, tōnghuā): Ngo-45-48 °C inqwaba iyasakazwa, iyapholiswa bese iqoqwa futhi.
- Ukuhlukanisa izimbali nokomisa (起花、复火): Izimbali ziyahlungwa, itiye lomiswa ngo-100-130 °C; imijikelezo iphindwa kaningi njengoba kudingwa uhlobo.
- Ukukhetha nokugazinga izimbali (择花、炒花, zéhuā, chǎohuā): Izimbali zisuswa ngesandla i-pedicel bese zihlaliswa netiye, bese izimbali netiye kugazingwa ndawonye ebhodweni ngo-80-100 °C imizuzu engu-8-10 kuze kube umswakama ongu-6.0-6.5%.
Uhlelo oluncane ngokwezinga, ngamagremu ezimbali ezintsha nge-100 g yesisekelo:
| Uhlobo | Uhlelo | Izimbali ngemijikelezo | Isamba |
|---|---|---|---|
| Yinya (银芽) | ukunonga okune kanye nokugazinga | 60, 50, 40, 35 no-25 | 210 |
| Yinhao (银毫) | ukunonga okuthathu kanye nokugazinga | 50, 40, 35 no-25 | 150 |
| Teji (特级) | ukunonga okubili kanye nokugazinga | 50, 40 no-30 | 120 |
I-portal yesifunda ibhala ukuthi itiye lase-Qianwei linongwa kuze kube izikhathi eziyisishiyagalolunye.
6. Izici Ze-Organoleptic
Izidingo ze-DB5111/T 8-2021. Izinhlobo ngokwehla: Yinya, Yinhao, Teji - “okhethekileyo” lapha omncane kwabathathu.
- Ukubukeka kweqabunga elomile: I-Yinya - amahlumela aphelele aqinile, aphuzi-luhlaza okotshani (芽形完整紧实、嫩黄绿). Izinhlobo ezincane - iqabunga eliqinile elicolekile elinamathiphu, liphuzi-luhlaza; i-Yinhao - inoboya obuningi (披毫).
- Iphunga leqabunga elomile: Alichazwanga ezingeni; ayikho idatha emithonjeni etholiwe.
- Iphunga lento ephuzwayo: I-Yinya - ivuthiwe, intsha futhi iphilile, inokujula okude (熟香鲜灵，韵味幽长); ezincane - ezinzima, ezinokujula okuvuthiwe.
- Ukunambitheka: I-Yinya - intsha, igcwele futhi iminyene (鲜浓醇厚); i-Yinhao - intsha futhi ithambile (鲜醇); i-Teji - intsha ngendlela ethile futhi ithambile.
- Umbala wento ephuzwayo: I-Yinya - icacile, iphuzi futhi ikhanya (清澈黄亮); ezincane - ziphuzi ngokukhanyayo (淡黄).
- Isisekelo setiye (iqabunga eliphuziwe): I-Yinya - amahlumela agcwele (芽形饱满); i-Yinhao - ethambile futhi elinganayo (嫩匀); i-Teji - eluhlaza-phuzi futhi elikhanyayo (绿黄明亮).
7. Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali
Izidingo ze-physicochemical ze-DB5111/T 8-2021 (ingxenye yesisindo; Yinya / Yinhao / Teji):
| Isibonakaliso | Isidingo |
|---|---|
| Umswakama | akukho ngaphezu kuka-7.5% |
| Umlotha ophelele | akukho ngaphezu kuka-6.5% |
| Izinto ezikhishwayo | akukho ngaphansi kuka-37 / 37 / 36% |
| Ama-polyphenol | akukho ngaphansi kuka-20 / 20 / 22% |
| Izingcezu ezincane | akukho ngaphezu kuka-1.0% |
| I-jasmine eyomile (茉莉花干) | akukho ngaphezu kuka-1.0% |
Lezi yimikhawulo yezinga, hhayi izilinganiso; izinombolo ziqinisekisiwe ngesithombe sekhasi.
8. Ukuphisa
Umkhuba wesigaba setiye le-jasmine ngesisekelo esiluhlaza.
- Izinga lokushisa lamanzi: 85-90 °C; ngohlobo lwehlumela i-Yinya - eduze no-85 °C.
- Inani letiye: 3 g nge-150 ml.
- Isitsha: I-gaiwan noma ingilazi yengilazi.
- Inqubo: Shisisa isitsha, thela itiye, vala; ukuphisa kokuqala - imizuzwana engu-40-60; ukuthelwa kathathu noma kane, ngakunye kude kancane.
9. Ukugcinwa
Umkhuba wesigaba. Ukupakishwa okuvaliwe, indawo epholile eyomile, kude nokukhanya namaphunga: iphunga le-jasmine liyanyamalala, futhi itiye ngokwalo limunca kalula amaphunga angaphandle. Kungcono ukuphuza phakathi nonyaka.
10. Intengo kanye Namanyala
Ayikho idatha ngentengo yetiye eliphelele emithonjeni etholiwe. I-jasmine entsha e-Qingxi yayibiza ama-yuan angu-16-18 nge-jin ehlobo lika-2023 (“Renmin Wang”) futhi cishe ama-yuan angu-25 ngoJuni 2024 (i-portal yesifunda).
- Ukwazi ukugwema amanyala:
- Bheka uphawu lwesibonakaliso sezindawo kanye nemvelaphi evela esifundeni sase-Qianwei.
- Khumbula ukuthi i-jasmine eyomile etiyeni eliphelele ngokwezinga lase-Leshan ayikho ngaphezu kuka-1%.
- Ungadidanisi netiye elinongwe nge-gardenia: lowo umkhiqizo ohlukile.
11. Amaqiniso Athakazelisayo
- Uhlobo oluphezulu i-Yinya ngokwezinga luthola kuyo yonke imijikelezo okungenani ama-2.1 kg wezimbali ezintsha ngekhilogremu yesisekelo.
- Ngo-2024 i-jasmine yesifunda kwadingeka iqhudelane ne-gardenia, eyaphakanyiswa iziphuzo ezintsha zetiye.
12. Ukuqhathanisa namanye amatiye e-jasmine
- Moli Piao Xue (茉莉飘雪): Itiye le-jasmine lase-Sichuan, lapho amacembe omisiwe nawo ahlala ekuphiseni.
- Hengxian Mòlìhuā Chá (横县茉莉花茶): Itiye le-jasmine lase-Guangxi, elinye lezisekelo ezine ezinkulu; livikelwe e-EU.
- Fuzhou Mòlìhuā Chá (福州茉莉花茶): Itiye le-jasmine lase-Fujian elinezinga lesifundazwe.
- Yuanjiang Mòlìhuā Chá (元江茉莉花茶): Itiye le-jasmine lase-Yunnan elinenkathi yokuqala futhi ende yezimbali.
Ekuphetheni:
I-Qianwei Mòlìhuā Chá itiye le-jasmine lase-Sichuan ngesisekelo esiluhlaza esinenqubo yalo: esigabeni sokugcina izimbali zigazingwa kanye netiye, lokho, ngokwezinga lase-Leshan, okunikeza “iphunga elivuthiwe elinokujula”. Izinhlobo ezintathu zihluka ngobunjalo beqabunga nenani lokunonga - kusuka kokubili kuya kokune nokugazinga. Ngemuva kwetiye kukhona ukuvikelwa kusukela ngo-2010, izimpawu ezimbili ezihlangene kanye nesinye sezisekelo ezine ezinkulu ze-jasmine zase-China.
Imithombo
Inkomba yendawo
Uhlu oluphelele — ekhasini elithi Imithombo