Héngxiàn mòlìhuā chá

Hengxian Moli Hua Cha (Héngxiàn mòlìhuā chá, 横县茉莉花茶) itiye le-jasmine ledolobhana lase-Hengzhou (横州市, ngaphambi kuka-2021 kwakuyisifunda sase-Hengxian) edolobheni lase-Nanning, esifundeni esizimele sase-Guangxi Zhuang. I-Hengzhou iyisifunda esikhulu kunawo wonke se-jasmine e-China, futhi kusuka lapha i-jasmine yayithunyelwa kwezinye izindawo zezwe. Isisekelo setiye eliluhlaza lapha siphathwa kaningi ngezimbali eziphilayo ezivuleka ebusuku. Leli gama lingenye kwekhulu lokuqala lezinkomba zendawo zase-China ezivikelwe yi-European Union.

1. Ukuhlukaniswa kanye nemvelaphi

Uhlobo: Itiye elinongiwe ngezimbali (花茶, huāchá): isisekelo setiye, esinongiwe nge-jasmine entsha. Isisekelo yitiye eliluhlaza: ngokwencazelo yomnyango womlando wase-Guangxi, itiye le-jasmine lase-Hengzhou ligcina isimo esicebile nesiqabulayo setiye eliluhlaza.
Isigaba: Itiye le-jasmine lase-Guangxi; uphawu lwemvelaphi (2006); uphawu lwendawo lwase-China oluvikelwe e-EU ngokweSivumelwano se-China ne-EU.
Imvelaphi: I-China, isifunda esizimele sase-Guangxi Zhuang (广西壮族自治区, Guǎngxī Zhuàngzú Zìzhìqū), idolobha lase-Nanning (南宁, Nánníng), idolobhana lase-Hengzhou (横州市, Héngzhōu Shì).
Indawo: Ukubuyekezwa koMnyango Wezohwebo kubiza i-Hengzhou; lokhu kuyincazelo yendawo, hhayi umngcele osemthethweni.
Izixhumanisi zendawo: Cishe 22.7° enyakatho kanye no-109.3° empumalanga.

2. Umlando kanye nokubaluleka kwamasiko

Umlando:
- Ubukhosini bakwa-Ming, i-jasmine othangweni. Ngokusho koMnyango Wezolimo, ngo-1521 isikhulu sesifunda sase-Hengzhou u-Wang Ji (王济) wabhala encwadini ethi «Junzitang rixun shoujing» (君子堂日询手镜): «i-jasmine ikhula yonke indawo, abanye beluka uthango ngayo, iqhakaza unyaka wonke». Ngokusho komlando wase-Guangxi, i-jasmine lapha yayitshalwa ikakhulukazi ngenxa yobuhle, futhi isivuno sasisincane.
- 1959, izithombo zefektri. Ngokusho kwe-ejensi ye-Xinhua, ngo-1959 isisebenzi esincane sefeketri yetiye yesifunda sa-oda izinqwaba ezimbili zezithombo ze-jasmine ezivela e-Guangdong; zalethwa ngesikebhe futhi zatshalwa endaweni engenalutho eduze kwefeketri.
- Ekupheleni kwawo-1970 kuya kwawo-1980. Ngokusho koMnyango Wezolimo, kusukela ekupheleni kwawo-1970 i-jasmine yaqala ukutshalwa njengesitshalo sezohwebo. Ngokusho komlando, ekuqaleni kwawo-1980 ifeketri yayinikeza abalimi izithombo mahhala, ithumele ochwepheshe, futhi yenza izivumelwano ezinde zokuthenga ngentengo engaguquki. Kusukela ngo-1984 ifeketri yasebenzisana nefeketri yetiye yase-Suzhou, umkhiqizi omkhulu wetiye lezimbali: bavumelana ngokucubungula izinto zokusetshenziswa zekhasimende kanye nokubambisana kwezobuchwepheshe, futhi i-Suzhou yayithumela izingcweti ezaziwayo zokucubungula itiye lezimbali.
- 1989, inguquko. NgoJulayi 1989 uMnyango Wezohwebo wabamba emfeketrini yesifunda umhlangano wezwe lonke wokukhiqiza nokuthengisa amatiye ezimbali. Ngokusho kwe-Xinhua, ngaphambi kwalokhu isikhungo setiye le-jasmine sasise-Fujian, e-Jiangsu nase-Zhejiang; ngemva komhlangano sathuthela e-Hengxian kancane kancane.
- 2000. Ngokusho koMnyango Wezolimo, uMnyango Wezamahlathi Kahulumeni kanye ne-China Flower Association banikeza isifunda isiqu esithi «ikhaya le-jasmine lase-China» (中国茉莉之乡). Kwezinye izinto ezibhaliwe unyaka wokunikezwa ubizwa ngo-2006; ukungafani angikuxazululanga.
- 2006. NgoJulayi i-AQSIQ yavikela njengomkhiqizo onophawu lwendawo i-jasmine yesifunda ngokwayo — «横县茉莉花». Ngawo lowo nyaka i-«横县茉莉花茶» yathola uphawu oluqinisekisa imvelaphi ku-State Administration for Industry and Commerce.
- 2012. Ubuchwepheshe bokwenza itiye le-jasmine lase-Hengxian bafakwa ohlwini lwesine lwamagugu angaphatheki ase-Guangxi.
- 2014 nangemva kwalokho, i-Europe. Ngo-2014 i-jasmine yase-Hengxian yaba ngeyokuqala e-Guangxi ukunconywa ukuvikelwa e-Europe. NgokweSivumelwano se-China ne-EU i-«横县茉莉花茶» yangena ekhulwini lokuqala lamagama ase-China avikelwe e-European Union.
Igama:
- «Hengxian» (横县) yigama lakudala lesifunda, eligcinwe egameni.
- «Moli hua cha» (茉莉花茶, mòlìhuā chá) kusho «itiye ngezimbali ze-jasmine».
Ukubaluleka kwamasiko: E-Hengzhou i-jasmine iwuphawu olubalulekile: isiqu esithi «ikhaya le-jasmine lase-China», ukuvikelwa kwembali kanye netiye njengamagama endawo, ubuciko bokuphunga ohlwini lwamagugu angaphatheki ase-Guangxi.

3. Incazelo yezitshalo kanye nezinto zokusetshenziswa

Isitshalo sokuphunga: I-jasmine sambac (Jasminum sambac). Ngokusho koMnyango Wezolimo, i-jasmine yase-Hengxian ihlukaniswa ngamaqabunga amakhulu kanye nokuqhakaza isikhathi eside; ngokusho kwe-Xinhua, ukuqhakaza kuthatha izinyanga eziyisithupha. Uhlobo alukasho emithonjeni etholakele.
Isisekelo setiye: Itiye eliluhlaza. Ukuthi yiziphi izisekelo ezigunyazwa igama, akukasho emithonjeni etholakele.
Ukuqoqwa kwezimbali: Isikhathi sisukela ku-Ephreli kuya ku-Okthoba. Ngokusho kwe-Xinhua, kuqoqwa amaqabunga amakhulu, asemhlophe, kodwa angakavuleki, emini cishe kusukela ngehora lesishiyagalolunye ekuseni kuya kwehora lesithathu noma lesine ntambama; uma usuku lushisa futhi libalele, imbali iba ngcono.
Izidingo zezinto zokusetshenziswa: Amaqabunga akhiwa ngaphambi kokuvuleka: i-jasmine ivuleka ebusuku, futhi kusihlwa ngalolo suku, lapho izimbali ziqala ukuvuleka, zisetshenziselwa ukuphunga.

4. Indawo kanye nezici zokutshala

Isifunda: Ngokusho kwe-Xinhua, i-Hengzhou iseningizimu yeTropic yaseNyakatho.
Isimo sezulu: Ngokusho kwe-Xinhua, isimo sezulu esivamile se-subtropical monsoon: kunemvula eningi, ukukhanya nokufudumala. I-jasmine ithanda ukufudumala futhi yesaba amakhaza, ngakho isimo sezulu salapha siyifanele.
Umhlabathi: Kuyo leyo ncazelo, uvundile, unongqimba oluqinile. Uhlobo lomhlabathi ngqo alukho emithonjeni etholakele.
Ukuphakama: Ayikho imininingwane emithonjeni etholakele.

5. Ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza

Umsebenzi obalulekile wukuphunga (窨制 — xūnzhì): isisekelo setiye simunca iphunga lezimbali ezivulekayo. Ngokwencazelo yomlando wase-Guangxi, ubuchwepheshe base-Hengzhou buhlanganisa le misebenzi elandelayo:

Ukuhlanganisa izimbali nesisekelo setiye (窨花拼和 — xūnhuā pīnhé) kanye nokuphunga enqwabeni (堆窨 — duīxūn).
Ukupholisa (通花 — tōnghuā) kanye nokuqoqa kabusha enqwabeni (收堆 — shōuduī).
Ukuhlukanisa izimbali (起花 — qǐhuā), ukomisa (烘焙 — hōngbèi) kanye nokupholisa.
Umjikelezo olandelayo (转窨 — zhuǎnxūn) kanye nokuphunga kokugcina (提花 — tíhuā).
Ukulinganisa iqembu (匀堆 — yúnduī) kanye nokupakisha.

Ngokusho kwe-Xinhua, ngaphambi kokuhlanganisa amaqabunga «ayakhuliswa» (养花 — yǎnghuā) futhi ahlungwa (筛花 — shāihuā). Ukuphunga kuqhubeka ubusuku bonke; ezinhlotsheni eziphakeme umjikelezo uphindwa kaningana, futhi uma imijikelezo eminingi, iphunga liba namandla. Akubona bonke ubusuku obufanele umsebenzi, futhi uma isimo sezulu singesihle, kuyalindwa. Izinombolo — izinga lokushisa, umswakama, isikhathi — azikho emithonjeni etholakele.

6. Izici zokunambitheka

Incazelo yokubukeka emibhalweni yokuvikela ayikho emithonjeni etholakele. Iphunga nokunambitheka ngezansi kungokwencazelo yomlando wase-Guangxi.

Ukubukeka kweqabunga elomile: Ayikho incazelo emithonjeni etholakele.
Iphunga leqabunga elomile: Ayikho incazelo emithonjeni etholakele.
Iphunga lokuncamela: Iphunga le-jasmine elisha neliphilayo (鲜灵香味).
Ukunambitheka: Okucebile nokuqabulayo (浓郁爽口), njengesisekelo esiluhlaza.
Umbala wokuncamela: Ayikho incazelo emithonjeni etholakele.
Izindawo zetiye (iqabunga elisetshenzisiwe): Ayikho incazelo emithonjeni etholakele.

7. Ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali

Ayikho imininingwane ngetiye lase-Hengxian ngokuqondile emithonjeni etholakele.

8. Ukuphisa

Umkhuba wesigaba setiye le-jasmine ngesisekelo esiluhlaza.

Izinga lokushisa lamanzi: 85–90 °C.
Inani letiye: 3 g ku-150 ml.
Isitsha: I-gaiwan enesembozo, egcina iphunga, noma imbiza ye-porcelain.
Inqubo:
1. Ukufudumeza isitsha.
2. Ukubeka itiye.
3. Ukuthela amanzi bese uvale ngesembozo ngokushesha.
4. Ukuncamela kokuqala, imizuzu engu-1–2 ku-gaiwan.
5. Ngaphambi kokuphuza, phakamisa isembozo bese udonsa iphunga.
6. Ukuphindisela kabili noma kathathu.

9. Ukugcinwa

Umkhuba wesigaba. Ephasakeni elivalekile, endaweni eyomile epholile nemnyama, ngokuqinile ngaphandle kwephunga langaphandle: isisekelo setiye esimunce i-jasmine, simunca kalula nephunga langaphandle. Itiye le-jasmine kungcono ukuliphuza phakathi nonyaka.

10. Intengo kanye nemikhiqizo yomgunyathi

Ayikho imininingwane ngentengo emithonjeni etholakele. Izinhlobo eziphakeme zidlula emijikelezweni eminingi yokuphunga.

Ukwakugwema umgunyathi:
- Bheka imvelaphi yase-Hengzhou kanye nophawu lwendawo.
- Iphunga le-jasmine langempela livela ekuphungeni ngezimbali eziphilayo; iphunga eliqinile, «elifana ne-parfum», elisheshe linyamalale liyisizathu sokuxwaya.
- Izimbali ezomisiwe ephasakeni azifakazeli ikhwalithi: ngemva kokuphunga izimbali ziyahlukaniswa (起花), ngakho inani lazo alisho lutho ngamandla ephunga.

11. Amaqiniso athandekayo

Ukulima okukhulu kwe-jasmine kwesifunda kwavela ezingxenyeni ezimbili zezithombo ezatshalwa eduze kwefeketri yetiye ngo-1959.
Amaqabunga aqoqwa emini, ngesikhathi sokushisa okukhulu, kanti ukuphunga kwenzeka ebusuku, lapho izimbali zivuleka.
Ubuciko bokuphunga isifunda sabufunda nasezingcweti zase-Suzhou: kusukela ngo-1984 i-Suzhou Tea Factory yayithumela izingcweti ukuze zisize ngezobuchwepheshe.
Ngo-2006 kwavikelwa kokubili imbali netiye: i-jasmine njengomkhiqizo onophawu lwendawo, itiye njengophawu lwemvelaphi.

12. Ukuqhathaniswa namanye amatiye e-jasmine

Fuzhou Moli Hua Cha (福州茉莉花茶): Isikhungo somlando setiye le-jasmine; kuze kube sekupheleni kwawo-1980 isikhungo semboni sasise-Fujian, e-Jiangsu nase-Zhejiang, sabe sesithuthela e-Hengxian.
Yuanjiang Moli Hua Cha (元江茉莉花茶): I-jasmine yase-Yunnan enesikhathi sokuqala kakhulu sonyaka; ngokwezincazelo zemboni, izihlahla zalethwa lapho zivela e-Hengxian.
Moli Longzhu (茉莉龙珠): Uhlobo lwetiye le-jasmine, amabhola asongelwe; lwenziwa e-Fujian nase-Guangxi.

Ekuphetheni:

I-Hengxian Moli Hua Cha itiye lesifunda esikhulu se-jasmine e-China. Indlela yesifunda, kusukela ezingwaneni zothango lwe-jasmine ngesikhathi sika-Ming kanye nezingxenye ezimbili zezithombo eduze kwefeketri ngo-1959 kuya emhlanganweni ka-1989, okwathi ngemva kwawo isikhungo semboni sathuthela lapha. Ubuciko buhlala bufanayo: amaqabunga aqoqwa emini, avuleka ebusuku phezu kwesisekelo setiye eliluhlaza, futhi umjikelezo uyaphindwa kuze kube iphunga liba namandla.

Imithombo

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