Yuánjiāng mòlìhuā chá

I-Yuanjiang Moli Hua Cha (Yuánjiāng mòlìhuā chá, 元江茉莉花茶) itiye le-jasmine lase-Yuanjiang Hani-Yi-Dai Autonomous County (元江哈尼族彝族傣族自治县) ngaphansi kwedolobha lase-Yuxi, esifundazweni sase-Yunnan. Isifunda sisesigodini esomile nesishisayo, lapho ukufudumala kufika kusenesikhathi, ngakho i-jasmine lapha iqhakaza ngaphambi kwanoma yikuphi e-China: izimbali ezintsha ziya emakethe kusukela ngo-March, futhi isizini ihlala kuze kube ngu-November. I-jasmine e-Yuanjiang isencane — ngokwezincazelo zemboni, yalethwa ngo-1998 isuka e-Hengxian e-Guangxi. Isifunda sikhiqiza ikakhulukazi itiye eligcwele, elinongiwe kathathu; ukuhlaziywa kwemboni kubala lesi sifunda phakathi kwezifunda ezine eziyinhloko ze-jasmine ezweni. Igama livikelwe wuphawu lwemvelaphi kusukela ngo-2003.

1. Ukuhlukaniswa Nemvelaphi

Uhlobo: Itiye elinongiwe ngezimbali (花茶, huāchá): isisekelo setiye, esinongiwe kaningi nge-jasmine entsha. Ngokwencazelo yemboni, isisekelo siyitiye eliluhlaza elivela ezimpandeni ezinkulu zase-Yunnan; emibhalweni yokuvikela angizange ngisibone isisekelo. Kuqoqo, amatiye e-jasmine abalwa phakathi kwamatiye aluhlaza.
Isigaba: Itiye le-jasmine lase-Yunnan; uphawu lwemvelaphi lohlelo lokuhlola nokugwema izifo (2003).
Imvelaphi: I-China, isifundazwe sase-Yunnan (云南, Yúnnán), idolobha lase-Yuxi (玉溪, Yùxī), i-Yuanjiang Hani-Yi-Dai Autonomous County (元江, Yuánjiāng).
Indawo evikelwe: Isifunda sase-Yuanjiang; umngcele womthetho wendawo angizange ngiwuhlole.
Izixhumanisi zendawo: Cishe 23,6° enyakatho no-102,0° empumalanga.

2. Umlando Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko

Umlando:
- 1998 — ukulethwa. Ngokwezincazelo zemboni, i-jasmine yalethwa e-Yuanjiang isuka e-Hengxian (e-Guangxi), isifunda esiyinhloko se-jasmine e-China.
- 2003 — uphawu lwemvelaphi. Ngokwesimemezelo sika-2003 No. 5, i-「元江茉莉花茶」 yathola uphawu lwemvelaphi (原产地标记) lohlelo lokuhlola nokugwema izifo; esimemezelweni ibhalwe nophawu lwentengiso i-玉元牌.
- 2019. Leli gama litholakala ohlwini lwesifundazwe lwase-Yunnan lwangomhla zingama-28 ku-December 2019 — engxenyeni yezimpawu zemvelaphi, ngaphansi kwenombolo 4.
- 2025 — isincomo. Enqamulweni lokuhlaziya lehhovisi lezibalo lesifunda (2025), phakathi kwezinyathelo kuphakanyiswa ukuthi kufunwe uphawu lukahulumeni lwendawo lokuhweba lwe-「元江茉莉花茶」 — kanye nomango wendawo ne-aloe. Lesi yisincomo, hhayi isicelo esifakiwe futhi hhayi ukubhaliswa kwesibili.
Igama:
- «Yuanjiang» (元江) igama lesifunda nomfula.
- «Moli Hua Cha» (茉莉花茶, mòlìhuā chá) kuchaza «itiye nezimbali ze-jasmine».
Ukubaluleka kwamasiko: Ukuhlaziywa kwemboni kubeka i-Yuanjiang phakathi kwezine zezifunda eziyinhloko ze-jasmine e-China — eduze ne-Hengxian (e-Guangxi), i-Fuzhou (e-Fujian) ne-Qianwei (犍为, e-Sichuan). Indawo yayo kulezi zine isezimbali ezintsha eziqala kusenesikhathi futhi ezihlala isikhathi eside.

3. Incazelo Yezitshalo Nezinto Zokusetshenziswa

Isitshalo sokunonga: I-jasmine sambac (Jasminum sambac), elethwa isuka e-Hengxian. Ukuthi yiluphi uhlobo olutshalwa esifundeni, akukashiwo emithonjeni etholakele.
Isisekelo setiye: Ngokwencazelo yemboni, itiye eliluhlaza elivela ezimpandeni ezinkulu zase-Yunnan (Camellia sinensis var. assamica), eligcwele futhi elikwazi ukumelana nokuchithwa kwamanzi kaningi. Uhlobo lwesihlahla nezidingo zesisekelo ngokombhalo angizange ngikuthole.
Ukuqoqwa kwezimbali: Kusukela ngo-March kuya ku-November; imbali entsha ifika emakethe ngaphambi kwezinye izifunda zezwe.

4. I-Terroir Nezici Zokutshala

Isifunda: Isigodi somfula i-Yuanjiang enkabeni yeningizimu ye-Yunnan.
Isimo sezulu: Isigodi esomile nesishisayo (干热河谷, gānrè hégǔ): entwasahlobo ukufudumala kufika kusenesikhathi, isamba samazinga okushisa aphezulu siphezulu. Yilokhu okwenza ukuqhakaza kwe-jasmine kufike ngo-March. Ngokwemininingwane yesifunda, izinga lokushisa lonyaka lilinganiselwa ku-23,9 °C, imvula icishe ibe ngu-805 mm ngonyaka.
Izindawo: Imininingwane eqinisekisiwe ngezindawo nomkhiqizo emithonjeni etholakele ayikho.
Ukuphakama nenhlabathi: Imininingwane emithonjeni etholakele ayikho.

5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza

Umsebenzi oyinhloko ukunongwa (窨制 — xūnzhì): isisekelo setiye simunca iphunga lezimbali ezivulekayo. E-Yuanjiang umkhiqizo oyinhloko itiye elinongiwe kathathu (三窨, sān xūn) lesitayela esigcwele (浓香型, nóngxiāngxíng): imbali yalapha inephunga elimnandi kakhulu.

Uhlelo olujwayelekile lwesigaba setiye le-jasmine:

Ukuqoqwa kwamaqabunga angakavuleki: Amaqabunga amakhulu amhlophe aqoqwa emini, engakavuleki.
«Ukunakekela izimbali» (养花 — yǎnghuā): Amaqabunga agcinwa ukuze avuleke ngokulinganayo; i-jasmine ivuleka futhi inephunga elimnandi kakhulu kusihlwa nasebusuku.
Ukuxutshwa netiye (拌花 — bànhuā): Izimbali ezivulekayo zixutshwa nesisekelo.
Ukunongwa: Kuthatha ubusuku bonke; ngemva kwalokho izimbali ziyasuswa (起花 — qǐhuā), bese itiye liyomiswa.
Imijikelezo ephindwayo: Ngezimbali ezintsha; etiyeni lase-Yuanjiang ngokuvamile kathathu.

Lokhu uhlelo olujwayelekile lwesigaba, hhayi incazelo yobuchwepheshe bomkhiqizi othize; imingcele emithonjeni etholakele ayizange inikezwe.

6. Izici Zokuzwa

Incazelo engezansi ivela ekuhlaziyweni kwemboni kwezifunda ezine ze-jasmine, hhayi emibhalweni yokuvikela.

Ukubukeka kweqabunga elomile: Lisontwe ngokuqinile, lincane futhi lithambile, linoboya obubonakalayo namahlumela aphelele, likhanya, linokucwebezela (条索紧结细嫩、毫显有峰苗、色泽亮白光润).
Iphunga leqabunga elomile: Incazelo ehlukile emithonjeni etholakele ayikho.
Iphunga lotshala: Liphakeme futhi ligcwele, lisha futhi lihlala isikhathi eside (香高浓郁、鲜灵持久).
Ukunambitheka: Kuthambile futhi kugcwele, akukho kubaba nobuhlungu, kulingene futhi kufudumele; itiye limelana nokuchithwa kwamanzi kaningi kakhulu (柔顺饱满无苦涩、醇和温润极耐泡).
Umbala wotshala: Okucacile, okuphuzi okukhanyayo (清澈透亮淡黄色).
Ingaphansi letiye (iqabunga elichithiwe): Lisha, lithambile, linokucwebezela (鲜嫩质感有光泽).

7. Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali

Imininingwane ngetiye lase-Yuanjiang emithonjeni etholakele ayikho. Iphunga linikezwa izinto eziguqukayo zembali, isisekelo esizimuncayo; ukwakheka kwesisekelo kuncike esigabeni saso nasezintweni zokusetshenziswa.

8. Ukwenziwa Kwetiye

Umkhuba wesigaba setiye le-jasmine.

Izinga lokushisa lamanzi: 85–90 °C.
Inani letiye: 3 g ku-150 ml.
Izitsha: I-gaiwan enesembozo — igcina iphunga — noma i-teapot ye-porcelain.
Inqubo:
1. Ukufudumeza izitsha.
2. Ukubeka itiye.
3. Ukuthela amanzi bese uvala ngesembozo ngokushesha.
4. Ukuchithwa kokuqala — imizuzu eyi-1–2 e-gaiwan.
5. Ngaphambi kokuphuza, phakamisa isembozo bese udonsa iphunga.
6. Ukuphindwa kabili kuya kane; isisekelo esinezimpande ezinkulu ngokuvamile simelana nokuchithwa okuningi kunesisekelo esinezimpande ezincane.

9. Ukugcinwa

Umkhuba wesigaba. Ekupakisheni okuvalekile, endaweni eyomile epholile emnyama, ngaphandle kwamaphunga angaphandle: isisekelo esimunce i-jasmine, ngokufanayo sizomunca nephunga lesinye. Itiye le-jasmine kungcono ukuliphuza phakathi nonyaka.

10. Intengo Nezinto Zomgunyathi

Imininingwane ngamanani emithonjeni etholakele ayikho.

Indlela yokugwema izinto zomgunyathi:
- Ukufuna imvelaphi evela esifundeni sase-Yuanjiang kanye nophawu lwemvelaphi.
- Iphunga le-jasmine langempela livela ekunongweni ngezimbali eziphilayo; iphunga elinamandla «le-parfum» elinyamalala ngokushesha ngemva kokuchithwa kokuqala, liwuphawu lwe-flavour enhlanganisiwe.
- Izimbali ezomisiwe epaketheni azibonisi ikhwalithi: ngemva kokunongwa izimbali ngokuvamile ziyasuswa.
- Itiye le-jasmine lasentwasahlobo elivela ngaphambi kwazo zonke, akusho ukuthi lelase-Yuanjiang; kufanele kuhlolwe umkhiqizi.

11. Amaqiniso Athakazelisayo

E-Yuanjiang kune-jasmine yokuqala e-China: izimbali zisemakethe kusukela ngo-March.
I-jasmine lapha incane kunezinye izifunda eziyinhloko: yalethwa kuphela ngo-1998 — isuka e-Hengxian.
Uphawu lwemvelaphi lwango-2003 lunikezwe igama kanye nophawu oluthile lwentengiso.

12. Ukuqhathaniswa Namanye Amatiye E-jasmine

I-Hengxian Moli Hua Cha (横县茉莉花茶): Isifunda esiyinhloko se-jasmine e-China nomthombo we-jasmine yase-Yuanjiang; isizini lapho isuka ngo-April kuya ku-October, e-Yuanjiang iqala kusenesikhathi.
I-Moli Hua Cha (茉莉花茶): Ukuhlaziywa kwetiye le-jasmine kuqoqo — ubuchwepheshe nezinhlobo.
I-Moli Yin Hao (茉莉银毫): Itiye le-jasmine ngesisekelo esiluhlaza sokuqala — isibonelo sesigaba esiphezulu.
I-Moli Long Zhu (茉莉龙珠): Uhlobo lwetiye le-jasmine — «amaparele» asongwe.

Ekuphetheni:

I-Yuanjiang Moli Hua Cha iyi-jasmine yokuqala e-China. Izihlahla ezalethwa zisuka e-Hengxian ngo-1998, zahlala kahle esigodini esomile nesishisayo futhi ziqhakaza ngaphambi kwanoma yikuphi e-China; ngalezi zimbali isifunda sikhiqiza itiye eligcwele, elinongiwe kathathu. Imibhalo yokuvikela okwamanje isencane kunemboni ngokwayo: uphawu lwemvelaphi lwango-2003 lukhona, kanti uphawu olusha lwetiye okwamanje lusaphakanyiswa kuphela.