Huánggǎngshān yùlǜ

I-Huanggangshan Yulü (Huánggǎngshān yùlǜ, 黄岗山玉绿) itiye eliluhlaza lasentabeni lasesifundeni sase-Yanshan (铅山县) ngaphansi kwedolobha lase-Shangrao enyakatho-mpumalanga yesifundazwe sase-Jiangxi. Igama lisho “ubuhlalu obuluhlaza bentaba i-Huanggang”: intaba i-Huanggang (黄岗山) emngceleni ne-Fujian iyindawo ephakeme kakhulu eMpumalanga yeChina, kanti elithi “yulü” (玉绿) yigama elidala letiye lase-Yanshan, umlando wendawo olibeka phakathi kwamatiye adumile esifunda ngesikhathi seMing. Kusukela ngo-2013 itiye livikelwa njengomkhiqizo wezolimo onophawu lwendawo, kusukela ngo-2025 njengomkhiqizo onophawu lwendawo. Umbhalo wokuvikela uhlukanisa itiye ngezinhlobo eziyisikhombisa ngokwesikhathi sokukhiwa, kusukela eqhumu elilodwa kuya eqabungeni elikhulu lasemuva kwesikhathi.

1. Ukuhlukaniswa kanye nemvelaphi

Uhlobo: Itiye eliluhlaza (绿茶, lǜchá), elingavutshelwe. Ubuchwepheshe ngokombhalo wokuvikela buluhlaza: ukulungiswa, ukusongwa, ukuqedela ukomisa.
Isigaba: Itiye eliluhlaza lasentabeni enyakatho-mpumalanga ye-Jiangxi; uphawu lwendawo kwezokulima (2013) nomkhiqizo onophawu lwendawo (2025).
Imvelaphi: I-China, isifundazwe sase-Jiangxi (江西, Jiāngxī), idolobha lase-Shangrao (上饶, Shàngráo), isifunda sase-Yanshan (铅山, Yánshān).
Indawo evikelwe: Ngokokubhaliswa kwezolimo, amayunithi ayisithupha esifunda: idolobhana lase-Wuyishan (武夷山镇), ilokishi lase-Yingjiang (英将乡), idolobhana lase-Ehu edolobhaneni lase-Ehu (鹅湖镇鹅湖村), amalokishi ase-Taiyuan (太源乡), e-Huangbi (篁碧乡) nase-Tianzhushan (天柱山乡). Indawo evikelwe ingu-1333 ha, umthamo ungamathani angu-300 ngonyaka (2013). Izidingo zika-2025 zigcina amayunithi ayisithupha afanayo nezixhumanisi ezifanayo.
Izixhumanisi zokuma: Ngokombhalo wokuvikela, 117°44′33″–117°47′31″ E no-27°48′19″–28°17′16″ N.

2. Umlando nokubaluleka kwamasiko

Umlando:
- I-Song. Ngokombhalo wokuvikela, itiye lase-Yanshan selivele ngesikhathi se-Song liba intela yasebukhosini; i-“Yanshan County Chronicle” (《铅山县志》) ekulandiseni kwayo ibiza amatiye e-Song athi 周山茶, 白水团茶 kanye ne-小龙凤团茶.
- I-Ming. Phakathi neminyaka ye-Xuande ne-Zhengde (1426–1521) esifundeni kwavela amatiye adumile athi 小种河红, 玉绿, 特贡, 贡毫, 贡玉 kanye ne-花香; umthombo obizwa ngokuthi yi-Ming “铅书”. Ngokwalokho kulandisa, amatiye athengiswa kakhulu kwakungu-Héhóng no-Yulü.
- I-Qing. I-“Shangrao Agricultural Chronicle” (《上饶市农业志》) icaphuna ifomula ethi “纸外唯茶”, okusho ukuthi “ngaphandle kwephepha, itiye kuphela”. Ngesikhathi sika-Guangxu (1875–1908) isifunda sasikhiqiza amabhokisi angu-40 000 kuya kwangu-50 000 e-Héhóng namabhokisi angu-20 000 kuya kwangu-30 000 e-Yulü ngonyaka; isisindo sebhokisi singamakhilogremu angu-25, njengoba umlando ubeka eduze kwesibalo se-Héhóng.
- 1953. E-Shangrao kwasungulwa ikomiti lokuguqula ukukhiqizwa kwetiye, futhi laqala ukuguqula ukukhiqizwa kwe-Héhóng ebomvu kuya etiyeni eliluhlaza.
- 2013. Ngo-Ephreli 15 uMnyango Wezolimo ngomemezelo ongunombolo 1925 wavikela i-“黄岗山玉绿” njengomkhiqizo wezolimo onophawu lwendawo (isitifiketi esingu-AGI01104).
- 2025. Ngomemezelo we-China National Intellectual Property Administration (CNIPA) ongunombolo 640 wangomhla ziyi-16 kuJulayi 2025 itiye laqashelwa njengomkhiqizo onophawu lwendawo ohlwini olujwayelekile lwemikhiqizo engu-1409; umfakisicelo kwakuyinhlangano yemboni yetiye yesifunda (铅山县茶行业协会).
- Umklomelo. Ngokwesizindalwazi sereferensi, itiye lenkampani eyodwa yendawo lithole isicoco “senkosi yetiye” (茶王) eqenjini lamatiye aluhlaza emncintiswaneni wokunambitha i-“Héhóng bēi” (河红杯) e-Yanshan; umthombo awusho unyaka.
Igama: I-“Huanggangshan” (黄岗山) yintaba i-Huanggang, “isiqongo sokuqala saseMpumalanga yeChina” (华东第一峰) emibhalweni yendawo; i-“yulü” (玉绿) isho “ubuhlalu obuluhlaza”.
Ukubaluleka kwamasiko: Umbhalo wokuvikela ubeka i-“yulü” yaseMing eceleni komkhiqizo wesimanje, kodwa awufakazeli ukuqhubeka: leli yigama elifanayo, hhayi itiye elifanayo eliqinisekisiwe. Imithombo yendawo yethula i-Yulü ne-Héhóng ebomvu (河红茶) njengamatiye amabili esifunda anophawu lwendawo lukazwelonke.

3. Incazelo yezitshalo nezinto zokusetshenziswa

Uhlobo / I-cultivar: Ngokombhalo wokuvikela, ngokuyinhloko kusetshenziswa uhlobo lomphakathi (群体种, qúntǐzhǒng) olunokukhiqiza okuzinzile nokuthamba kwehlumela isikhathi eside (持嫩性强). Umbhalo awusho uhlobo oluthile.
Ukuvuna: Ngokwezidingo zika-2025, kusukela ekuqaleni kuka-April kuze kube sekupheleni kukaMeyi. Izinhlobo eziyisikhombisa zetiye zihluka ngesikhathi sokuvuna nokuvuthwa kwezinto zokusetshenziswa:
- Yunhao (云毫, yúnháo): iqhumu elilodwa cishe ngesikhathi se-Qingming.
- Yunya ne-Yunzhen (云芽, 云针, yúnyá, yúnzhēn): iqhumu elineqabunga elilodwa cishe ngesikhathi se-Guyu.
- Yunwu (云雾, yúnwù): iqhumu elinamacembe amabili, ekuqaleni kukaMeyi.
- Yunyu ne-Yuncui (云玉, 云翠, yúnyù, yúncuì): iqhumu elinamacembe amathathu kuya kwamane, maphakathi noMeyi.
- Yunpian (云片, yúnpiàn): “itiye elikhulu” (大茶) maphakathi nasekupheleni kukaMeyi.
Indinganiso yokuvuna: Ngesandla, ngendlela “yokuncinza okuphakanyisiwe” (提采法, tícǎifǎ), ekuseni ngesikhathi esicacile; amacembe athwalwa ngezitsha zoqalo ngokushesha aye ekucutshungulweni.

4. Indawo kanye nezici zokutshalwa

Isifunda: I-Yanshan eningizimu inqamula ukhahlamba lwe-Wuyishan ne-Fujian, enyakatho iphumela emfuleni i-Xinjiang (信江).
Ukuphakama kokutshalwa: Yomibili imibhalo yokuvikela idinga iziza ezingaphezu kwamamitha angu-800. Ukwehluka kokuphakama endaweni, ngokomthetho ka-2013, kusukela kumamitha angu-300 kuya kwangu-2157.7; isibalo sokugcina umbhalo usinikeza indawo ephakeme kakhulu, intaba i-Huanggang.
Isimo sezulu: I-subtropical enomswakama enezici ezicacile zezintaba. Imithambeka ivame ukuba senkungwini. Amahora okukhanya kwelanga angu-1694.5 kuphela ngonyaka, imvula ingu-2173.2 mm, umswakama womoya ungama-83%.
Inhlabathi: Ibomvu, ibomvu-phuzi kanye nensundu-phuzi, ngaphansi kwecala lamahlamvu kukhona ungqimba lwe-humus olune-organic matter ecishe ibe ngu-16%, i-pH ingu-4.8–5.5. Engadini umbhalo udinga i-pH engu-4.8–5.5 kanye ne-organic matter engaphezu kuka-5%.
Ukunakekelwa kwengadi: Izitshalo eziluhlaza phakathi kwemigqa yezingadi ezisencane, ebusika kufakwa umquba ovuthiwe; ukuvikela izinambuzane kusetshenziswa izicupho zokukhanya (esisodwa kuma-mu angu-50), ukuthenwa, izitha zemvelo zemvelo kanye nemithi yebhayoloji.
Izindinganiso zemvelo: Imvelo nokukhiqiza kuhambisana nezindinganiso zomkhakha “womkhiqizo oluhlaza” (绿色食品) NY/T 391-2000 kanye ne-NY/T 288-2002.

5. Ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza

Umthetho we-GI wezolimo ka-2013 unikeza uhlelo olufushane lwemishini olunamapharamitha; izidingo zika-2025 ziphindaphinda ukulandelana okufanayo ngaphandle kwezinombolo:

Ukusabalala (摊青, tānqīng): Amacembe amasha andlalwa ezicangweni zoqalo amahora angu-4–8.
Ukulungiswa (杀青, shāqīng): Esigubhukwini esizenzakalelayo ku-180–220 °C.
Ukusongwa (揉捻, róuniǎn): Ku-roller, imizuzu engu-20.
Ukuqedela ukomisa ngokugazinga (炒干, chǎogān): Esigubhukwini, amahora angu-4–5.
Ukuhlunga nokupakisha: Itiye lihlukaniswa ngezinhlobo eziyisikhombisa futhi lipakishwe; ephaketheni kufanele kube nophawu lwe-“黄岗山玉绿”.

6. Izici ze-organoleptic

Incazelo engezansi inikezwe umbhalo wokuvikela.

Ukubukeka kweqabunga elomile: Lincane, lisongwe ngokuqinile, ligobe kancane, liluhlaza ngokukhanyayo, linoboya obubonakalayo (细紧微卷，绿润显毫).
Iphunga leqabunga elomile: Ayikho incazelo ehlukile; umbhalo ubiza iphunga ngokuthi lihlanzekile futhi lizinze, ngaphandle kokucacisa ukuthi lelo qabunga elomile noma umnambitheko.
Iphunga lomncibilikiso: Lihlanzekile futhi lizinze (清香持久).
Ukunambitheka: Kusha, kuthambile, nobumnandi obusha (鲜醇甘爽).
Umbala womncibilikiso: Uluhlaza okhanyayo futhi ukhazimulayo (嫩绿明亮).
Izimbali zetiye (iqabunga elidayisiwe): Luhlaza okhanyayo, liyalingana, linamaqhumu abonakalayo kahle (嫩绿、显芽匀整).

7. Ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali

Umthetho ka-2013 kanye nezidingo zika-2025 zinikeza izinkomba ezifanayo:

Inkomba	Inani
Umswakama	2.5–6.6%
Izinto ezincibilikayo emanzini	43–47%
Umlotha ophelele	5–6%
Umlotha oncibilikayo emanzini	3–4%
Ama-polyphenols etiye	17.5–20.8%
Ama-catechin (esewonke)	15.2–17.1%
I-caffeine	3.4–4.3%
I-fiber eluhlaza	8.2–10.2%

Lezi yizibonakaliso zamabanga, hhayi imingcele ephezulu; umthombo awusho indlela. Izinombolo zamazinga etiye ngokwalo azikho emithonjeni etholakele.

8. Ukuphisa

Umkhuba wekilasi letiye eliluhlaza.

Izinga lokushisa lamanzi: 80–85 °C.
Inani letiye: amagremu angu-3 nge-150 ml.
Isitsha: Ingilazi noma i-gaiwan emhlophe.
Inqubo:
1. Fudumeza isitsha.
2. Faka itiye bese uthela amanzi eceleni kodonga.
3. Ukuncwiliswa kokuqala, ngemva kwemizuzwana engu-40–60.
4. Phuza, ushiye ingxenye yomncibilikiso.
5. Thela amanzi futhi.
6. Phinda uthele amanzi kabili noma kathathu.

9. Ukugcinwa

Umkhuba wekilasi. Ephaketheni elivalekile, efrijini ngo-0–5 °C, ngaphandle kokukhanya, umswakama namaphunga; kungcono ukuphuzwa phakathi nonyaka. Umbhalo wokuvikela udinga lokhu ezindaweni zokugcina: ukoma, ubumnyama, kungabikho maphunga angaphandle, ukugcinwa ngamaqoqo.

10. Intengo nokukhwabanisa

Ayikho imininingwane ngezintengo emithonjeni etholakele.

Ugwema kanjani ukukhwabanisa:
- Bheka uphawu lwendawo.
- Hlola ukuthi umkhiqizi uvela kumayunithi ayisithupha abaluliwe esifunda sase-Yanshan, le ndawo ibizwa kanjalo yimibhalo yomibili yokuvikela.
- Ungadidanisi ne-Héhóng, itiye elibomvu lesifunda esifanayo elinophawu lwendawo lwaso.

11. Amaqiniso athakazelisayo

Ifomula endala ethi “纸外唯茶” ibeka itiye njengemboni yesibili ye-Yanshan ngemuva kwephepha.
Amagama azo zonke izinhlobo eziyisikhombisa aqala ngohlamvu lwesiShayina 云, okusho “ifu”.

12. Ukuqhathaniswa namanye amatiye

He Hong Cha (河红茶): Itiye elibomvu lesifunda esifanayo; ohlwini lwe-Ming lime eceleni kwe-Yulü.
Shangrao Bai Mei (上饶白眉): Itiye eliluhlaza ledolobha elifanayo lase-Shangrao.
Wuyuan Lücha (婺源绿茶): Itiye eliluhlaza elisenyakatho-mpumalanga ye-Jiangxi, nalo elisesifundeni sase-Shangrao.
Lushan Yun Wu (庐山云雾): Elinye lamatiye aluhlaza adume kakhulu e-Jiangxi; ne-Yulü lihlobene kuphela ngegama elithi “yunwu” egameni lenye yezinhlobo zalo.

Ekuphetheni:

I-Huanggangshan Yulü itiye eliluhlaza lasentabeni lesifunda sase-Yanshan elinomthetho onemininingwane: izingadi ezingaphezu kwamamitha angu-800, uhlobo lomphakathi, izinhlobo eziyisikhombisa ngokwesikhathi sokuvuna, ukulungiswa ngomshini ku-180–220 °C kanye nokomiswa okude esigubhukwini. Ukubukeka kwayo, iqabunga elincane eliminyene elinoboya, umncibilikiso oluhlaza okhanyayo, ukunambitheka okusha nokuthambile. Igama elidala lihlobanisa itiye nohlu lwe-Ming lwamatiye esifunda, kodwa ukuqhubeka akufakazelwanga.