Huángshíxī máofēng

I-Huangshi Xi Maofeng (Huángshíxī máofēng, 黄石溪毛峰) Itiye eliluhlaza elisuka ezintabeni zase-Jiuhuashan (九华山) esifundeni sase-Qingyang (青阳县) ngaphansi kwedolobha lase-Chizhou eningizimu yesifundazwe sase-Anhui. Igama linikezwe idolobhana lase-Huangshi-xi, okusho ukuthi “Umfudlana wamatshe aphuzi”, endaweni yase-Lingyang. Abaphathi be-Jiuhuashan balibeka ohlotsheni lwephunga le-castnut (栗香型), ngokuhlukile kwe-Minyuan maofeng enephunga le-orchid entabeni efanayo, futhi babika ngendondo yegolide yetiye lase-Huangshi-xi embukisweni wase-Panama ngo-1915. Indawo evikelwe ichazwa ngamazinga amabili: indawo evamile kanye nendawo ewumgogodla echazwe ngamagama amaqembu okukhiqiza ayishumi. Ngaleli tiye kubhalwe uhlobo lwesihlahla sendawo kanye nobuchwepheshe obubili, obokusebenza ngesandla nobomshini.

1. Isigaba kanye nemvelaphi

Uhlobo: Itiye eliluhlaza (绿茶, lǜchá). Ubuchwepheshe ngokwencazelo yesibonakaliso sendawo siwukulungisa, ukubumba nokomisa, ngaphandle kwe-oxidation nokuthambisa.
Isigaba: I-Maofeng, okusho ukuthi “iziqongo ezinoboya”: igama elijwayelekile letiye lamaqabunga anoboya, hhayi igama eliqondile. Igama elifanayo livela ku-Huangshan Mao Feng, kodwa lawa ngamatiye ahlukene ezintabeni ezahlukene.
Imvelaphi: I-China, isifundazwe sase-Anhui (安徽, Ānhuī), idolobha lase-Chizhou (池州, Chízhōu), isifunda sase-Qingyang (青阳, Qīngyáng), amadolobhana ase-Lingyang (陵阳镇) nase-Zhubei (朱备镇).
Indawo evikelwe: Amadolobhana ase-Huangshi-xi, Nanyang, Qingquan, Suocun, Lanxi, kanye ne-Meishan ase-Lingyang, kanye namadolobhana ase-Jiangjun nase-Dongqiao ase-Zhubei, okungamadolobhana amabili namadolobhana ayisishiyagalombili; incazelo icacisa ukuthi kukhulunywa ngezindawo ezikufuphi nokhahlamba lwase-Jiuhuashan.
Umgogodla wendawo (核心区): Amaqembu okukhiqiza ayishumi: Iqembu loku-1, lesi-2, lesi-3, nelesi-4 lase-Huangshi-xi; i-Fengyu ne-Changwei zase-Qingquan; i-Chaquan, i-Jiande, ne-Paishan zase-Lanxi.
Izixhumanisi zendawo: 30°20′36″–30°32′21″ N, 117°47′25″–117°52′09″ E.

2. Umlando nokubaluleka kwesiko

Umlando:
- Intaba. I-Jiuhuashan ingenye yezintaba zamaBuddha zase-China. Abaphathi bentaba babhala ukuthi itiye lalilinywa lapha kusukela ngesikhathi sobukhosi bakwa-Tang.
- Ngo-1915. Ngokusho kwabaphathi be-Jiuhuashan, amatiye ase-Minyuan nase-Huangshi-xi athola indondo yegolide embukisweni wase-Panama-Pacific.
- Kusukela ngo-1956, njengoba kusho izincazelo ezidumile, i-Huangshi Xi Maofeng lalihanjiswa emicimbini esemthethweni yamahhovisi amele i-China phesheya. Angibonanga umbhalo ngalokhu.
- Ngo-2018. UMnyango Wezolimo wabhalisa uphawu lwendawo yezolimo; inombolo ngu-AGI02470. Izincwadi zibeka ukubhaliswa ngomhla ka-5 Septhemba 2018.
- Ngo-2025. I-National Intellectual Property Administration (CNIPA) yalwamukela njengomkhiqizo onophawu lwendawo ngesimemezelo esingu-No. 632.
Igama: “Huangshi-xi” (黄石溪) kusho “Umfudlana wamatshe aphuzi”, igama ledolobhana. “Maofeng” (毛峰) kusho “iziqongo ezinoboya”.
Ukubaluleka kwesiko: I-Huangshi Xi Maofeng ingelinye lamatiye intaba i-Jiuhuashan elibeka ngaphansi kwegama elijwayelekile elithi “Jiuhua Fo Cha” (九华佛茶). Ngaphakathi kwalomndeni limela isikole sephunga le-castnut, kanti i-Minyuan imela isikole sephunga le-orchid.

3. Incazelo yezitshalo kanye nezinto zokusetshenziswa

Uhlobo / I-Cultivar: I-Huangshi Tianyun (黄石天云种), uhlobo lwendawo, oluqanjwe encazelweni yophawu lwendawo.
Ukuvuna: Ngokwencazelo yencwadi yophawu lwendawo, kuvunwa ngesandla, kuhlukaniswa ngamazinga (分级人工采摘). Izinga eliqondile lokuvuna alitholakali emithonjeni etholakele.
Isikhathi sokuvuna: Ayikho imininingwane emithonjeni etholakele.

4. I-Terroir kanye nezici zokulima

Isifunda: Iningizimu ye-Anhui, ukhahlamba lwase-Jiuhuashan. Enye incazelo yencwadi ibeka itiye lomlando lase-Huangshi-xi endaweni yase-Daoshengdong (道僧洞) emihumeni engemuva kwesiqongo sase-Tiantai (天台).
Ukuphakama kokutshalwa: Imithombo iyaphikisana. Enye incazelo ibeka umhosha wase-Huangshi-xi, okuwumgogodla wokukhiqiza, ekuphakameni kwamamitha angu-400–800; enye ibhala ngezingadi eziku-600–900 m. Angizange ngithole ukuphakama okusemthethweni.
Inhlabathi: Inhlabathi emhlophe emuncu yasezintabeni, inhlabathi emuncu ephuzi-nsundu, kanye nenhlabathi yamadlelo asezintabeni, konke kusuka ekudalekeni kwe-granite. Izinto eziphilayo azikho ngaphansi kuka-2.5%, ubukhulu bengqimba yenhlabathi bungaphezu kwamasentimitha angu-60, i-pH icishe ibe ngu-5.0–6.5.
Isimo sezulu: Isimo sezulu esishisayo esimanzi se-subtropical sasenyakatho: sinomoya omuhle, ihlobo elishisayo nobusika obubandayo, izinkathi ezine ezicacile, nemvula eningi. Azikho izinombolo emithonjeni etholakele.

5. Ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza

Izincazelo ezibhaliwe zophawu lwendawo zinikeza ubuchwepheshe obubili; umthombo wokuqala walezi zinhlelo angizange ngiwuthole.

Itiye elenziwa ngesandla (手工茶):

Ukugcina (杀青, shāqīng).
Ukupholisa (摊凉, tānliáng).
Ukubumba nokuqondanisa iqabunga (做形, 理条, zuòxíng, lǐtiáo).
Ukuphumula (回潮, huícháo): Umswakama ulinganiswa ngaphakathi kweqabunga.
Ukomisa ngomoya oshisayo (烘干, hōnggān).
Ukupakisha.

Itiye elenziwa ngomshini (机制茶):

Ukugcina (杀青).
Ukuqhafaza umoya (清风).
Ukupholisa (摊凉).
Ukusonga (揉捻, róuniǎn).
Ukuqhekeza amagaqa (解块).
Ukomisa kokuqala (毛火, máohuǒ) nokupholisa.
Ukomisa kokugcina (足火, zúhuǒ) nokuphola.
Ukuhlunga (拣剔) nokupakisha.

Amazinga okushisa nezikhathi zemisebenzi awatholakali emithonjeni etholakele.

6. Izici ze-Organoleptic

Incazelo yophawu lwendawo ihlukanisa itiye elenziwe ngesandla nelomshini; ngezansi kunesandla, kanti emabakini kukhona okomshini.

Ukubukeka kweqabunga elomile: Imichilo eqinile, eluhlaza okotshani okuphaphathekile, enoboya obubonakalayo (条索较紧，嫩绿显毫). Okomshini kuyisicaba, kuqondile futhi kuvulekile, kuluhlaza okukhanyayo (扁直舒展，翠绿鲜活).
Iphunga leqabunga elomile: Azikho izincazelo emithonjeni etholakele.
Iphunga lokuphuzwayo: Lincane, lihlanzekile futhi limnandi (嫩香清甜). Okomshini kuyahlanzeka, kunephunga lezimbali (清香带花香). Abaphathi bentaba babeka leli tiye ohlotsheni lwephunga le-castnut (栗香型).
Ukunambitheka: Okusha, okuvuselelayo, nokunambitha okumnandi okubuyayo (鲜爽回甘). Okomshini kusha, kuthambile, nokunambitha okumnandi okubuyayo (鲜醇回甘).
Umbala wokuphuzwayo: Uluhlaza okuphaphathekile futhi ukhanyayo (嫩绿明亮). Okomshini kuluhlaza futhi kukhanyayo (绿亮).
Amaqabunga asetshenzisiwe: Aluhlaza okuphaphathekile, alinganayo, acwebezelayo (嫩绿匀亮). Okomshini amancane, athambile, aluhlaza futhi acwebezelayo (嫩软绿亮).

Izincazelo ezidumile zibonisa isithombe esihlukile kancane: iqabunga lilinganayo, liluhlaza okuphaphathekile nokuphuzi, limbozwe uboya; lapho liphekwa, kuba nomusi phezu kwenkomishi; ukuphuzwayo kuhlaza okwesibhakabhaka futhi kuhlanzekile; amaqabunga asetshenzisiwe aphuzi-nsundu, anamaqabunga amaningi. Le ncazelo ayifani negama negama nelencazelo esemthethweni.

7. Ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali

Izidingo zophawu lwendawo:

Umswakama: akukho ngaphezu kuka-7.0%.
Umlotha ophelele: akukho ngaphezu kuka-6.5%.
Imfucumfucu nothuli: akukho ngaphezu kuka-6.0%.
Izinto ezincibilikayo emanzini: okungenani u-37.0%.
I-fiber eluhlaza: akukho ngaphezu kuka-14.0%.

Ayikho imininingwane ngama-catechin, amino acid, ne-caffeine emithonjeni etholakele.

8. Ukupheka

Umkhuba wezinga lezindlela zetiye eliluhlaza.

Izinga lokushisa kwamanzi: 80–85 °C.
Inani letiye: amagremu ama-3 ku-150 ml.
Izitsha: Ingilazi ecwebezelayo noma i-gaiwan emhlophe.
Inqubo:
1. Fudumeza izitsha.
2. Faka itiye bese uthela amanzi ngasohlangothini.
3. Ukuphuzwa kokuqala: imizuzwana engu-40–60.
4. Phuza, ushiye ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu.
5. Thela amanzi futhi.
6. Phinda uphinde uthele kabili noma kathathu.

9. Ukugcina

Umkhuba wezinga. Esikhwameni esivalekileyo nesingabonisi ukukhanya, esiqandisini ku-0–5 °C, ngaphandle komswakama, ukukhanya, namaphunga. Itiye lenkathi yonyaka: kungcono uliphuze phakathi nonyaka.

10. Intengo kanye nemikhiqizo yomgunyathi

Ayikho imininingwane ngentengo emithonjeni etholakele.

Ukwazi ukugwema imikhiqizo yomgunyathi:
- Ungadidanisi ne-Huangshan Mao Feng: “maofeng” yigama elijwayelekile, kuyilapho igama lendawo egunyeni lilo elinqumayo.
- Funani uphawu lwendawo kanye nomkhiqizi ovela emadolobhaneni ase-Lingyang noma e-Zhubei esifundeni sase-Qingyang.
- Itiye elenziwe ngesandla liyimichilo eqinile eluhlaza okuphaphathekile enoboya; elomshini liyisicaba, liqondile futhi liluhlaza okukhanyayo.
- Ukuphuzwayo kuluhlaza futhi kukhanyayo, kunephunga elincane elimnandi.

11. Amaqiniso athokozisayo

Indawo evikelwe ichazwa ngamazinga amabili, indawo evamile kanye nomgogodla ochazwe kuze kufike eqenjini lokukhiqiza.
Ngokwesigaba sabaphathi bentaba, e-Jiuhuashan kunezikole ezimbili ze-maofeng: i-Huangshi-xi enephunga le-castnut ne-Minyuan enephunga le-orchid.
Izinga lezinto ezincibilikayo emanzini okungenani u-37%; i-Jingxian Lanxiang Cha (泾县兰香茶), evikelwe naye ngonyaka ofanayo, ino-35%.
Okwegama elilodwa kubhalwe ubuchwepheshe obubili kanye nokubukeka okubili, okusebenza ngesandla nokomshini.

12. Ukuqhathaniswa namanye amatiye

I-Jiuhua Fo Cha (九华佛茶): Igama elijwayelekile lamatiye asentabeni yase-Jiuhuashan; i-Huangshi Xi Maofeng liyigama elivikelwe ngaphakathi kwalomndeni.
I-Huangshan Mao Feng (黄山毛峰): I-maofeng edume kakhulu yase-Anhui, evela entabeni yase-Huangshan; igama elifanayo elijwayelekile, intaba ehlukile negama elihlukile.
I-Yongxi Huo Qing (涌溪火青): Itiye eliluhlaza laseningizimu ye-Anhui esifundeni sase-Jing, elisongwe libe amabhola aminyene, okuphambene ne-maofeng eqondile.

Ekuphetheni:

I-Huangshi Xi Maofeng itiye eliluhlaza lasezintabeni lase-Jiuhuashan: uhlobo lwendawo, inhlabathi emuncu, uhlobo lwephunga le-castnut, kanye nezinga lezinto ezincibilikayo emanzini elingekho ngaphansi kuka-37%. Indawo yalo evikelwe ichazwe kuze kufike eqenjini lokukhiqiza, kanti ukubukeka kwalo kuchazwe ngezinhlobo ezimbili zobuchwepheshe, okusebenza ngesandla nokomshini. Umlando ngendondo yase-Panama ka-1915 usekelwe emininingwaneni yabaphathi bentaba; okunye kulesi sithombe kuyizinga nezincazelo zophawu lwendawo.

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