Jīngxiàn lánxiāng chá

I-Jingxian Lanxiang Cha (Jīngxiàn lánxiāng chá, 泾县兰香茶) itiye eliluhlaza lasesifundeni saseJing (泾县) esifundeni saseXuancheng eningizimu yesifundazwe sase-Anhui. I-兰香 isho “iphunga le-orchid”, futhi yilona kanye nokwakheka kweqabunga elifana nezinsingo zesikelo sokufekethisa (绣剪形) okwakha uphawu olubalulekile lwaleli tiye. Isifunda sibuyisela leli gama ku-白云兰香 wakudala, okukhulunywa ngawo embhalweni wesifunda wenkathi yeJiaqing, kanti ubuchwepheshe bamanje bubuyiselwa ekuqaleni kweminyaka yawo-1990. Itiye livikelwa ngezindlela ezintathu: uphawu lokuqinisekisa, uphawu lwezolimo lwendawo, kanye nokuqashelwa komkhiqizo onophawu lwendawo. Indawo evikelwe ichazwe ngokunemba okungavamile, hhayi ngezigodi, kodwa ngamadolobhana ngamanye.

1. Ukuhlukaniswa kanye Nemvelaphi

Uhlobo: Itiye eliluhlaza (绿茶, lǜchá). Uhulumeni wesifunda ubiza iJingxian Lanxiang ngokuthi “名优绿茶”, itiye eliluhlaza elidumile. Igama elithi 兰香 egameni lichaza iphunga, hhayi ubuchwepheshe, ngakho isigaba sibekwe ngalencazelo hhayi ngegama.
Isigaba: Itiye eliluhlaza lamahlumela aseningizimu ye-Anhui; ukuvikelwa kwegama lendawo okuphindwe kathathu.
Imvelaphi: I-China, isifundazwe sase-Anhui (安徽, Ānhuī), isifunda saseXuancheng (宣城, Xuānchéng), isifunda saseJing (泾县, Jīngxiàn).
Indawo evikelwe: Izindawo eziyisishiyagalolunye kanye nezigodi, amadolobhana okuphatha angu-46. Ngaphakathi kwesigodi esisodwa amanye amadolobhana angaphakathi kwendawo, amanye angekho, ngakho indawo ayihambisani nemingcele yokuphatha yezigodi.
Izixhumanisi zendawo: 30°23′59″–30°51′05″ N, 117°58′56″–118°40′57″ E.

2. Umlando kanye Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko

Umlando:
- Umbhalo weJiaqing. Ngokusho kukahulumeni wesifunda, umbhalo wesifunda “泾县志” wenkathi yeJiaqing ukhuluma ngetiye eliyigugu lendawo i-白云兰香, okuyiJingxian Lanxiang yamanje, kanye ne-涌溪火青.
- Ekuqaleni kweminyaka yawo-1990. Ubuchwepheshe beJingxian Lanxiang bavuselelwa ngokubamba iqhaza kososayensi betiye abadumile besizukulwane esidala; isifunda sibala phakathi kwabo u-Chen Chuan (陈椽).
- 2013. Kwamukelwa izinga lendawo lesifundazwe lase-Anhui leJingxian Lanxiang Cha, i-DB34/T 1842-2013.
- 2014. IHhovisi Lezimpawu Zokuthengisa lagunyaza uphawu lokuqinisekisa lwendawo “泾县兰香茶”. Isifunda sethula ngaphansi kwalo “ubunye obuyisithupha”: uphawu olulodwa, izinga elilodwa, ukupakishwa okukodwa, ukuphatha okukodwa, ukukhangisa okukodwa, kanye nokuqondisa okukodwa, futhi kwahlanganisa ngaphansi kwegama elilodwa izimpawu zetiye ezingaphezu kwamashumi ayisishiyagalolunye zangaphambilini.
- 2018. UMnyango Wezolimo umemezele ukubhaliswa kophawu lwezolimo lwendawo ngokwesicelo senhlangano yetiye yesifunda saseJing; inombolo ngu-AGI02471.
- 2025. IHhovisi Likazwelonke Lempahla Yobuhlakani (CNIPA) laqashela ukuthi umkhiqizo onophawu lwendawo ngesimemezelo № 632.
Igama: “Jingxian” (泾县) kusho “isifunda saseJing”. “Lanxiang” (兰香) kusho “iphunga le-orchid”. “Cha” (茶) kusho “itiye”.
Imiklomelo: Isifunda sibala imiklomelo engaphezu kwamashumi amabili, phakathi kwabo igolide le-All-China Agricultural Exhibition, umklomelo ophakeme womncintiswano we-”Zhongcha Bei”, igolide le-China International Agricultural Products Fair; iminyaka yomklomelo ngamunye ayitholakali emithonjeni etholakele.
Ukubaluleka kwamasiko: Esifundeni saseJing, ikhaya le-涌溪火青 kanye ne-泾县特尖, iLanxiang yigama elijwayelekile okwahlanganiswa ngaphansi kwalo izimpawu ezingaphezu kwamashumi ayisishiyagalolunye zangaphambilini ngo-2014. Ngokwemininingwane ka-2014, uphawu lwalusetshenziswa amafemu namadlelwano angaphezu kwekhulu esifundeni.

3. Incazelo Yezitshalo kanye Nezinto Zokusetshenziswa

Uhlobo / I-cultivar: Izincazelo eziyisithenjwa zencazelo yophawu lwendawo zibiza inani lendawo lezihlahla zetiye, imigqa ekhethiwe kuyo efana ne “Lanxiang No. 1” (兰香一号) kanye nezinye izinhlobo ezifanele leli tiye.
Izinga lokukha: Ihlumela elilodwa elineqabunga elilodwa elisanda kuvuleka (一芽一叶初展).
Isikhathi sokukha: Ngokwalezozincazelo, imvamisa kusukela ekupheleni kukaMashi kuze kube yisizini yeGuyu (谷雨).

4. I-Terroir kanye Nezici Zokutshala

Isifunda: Izintaba zaseningizimu-mpumalanga, ingxenye emaphakathi eningizimu nasenyakatho-ntshonalanga yesifunda saseJing.
Isimo sezulu: Isimo sezulu saseningizimu esishisayo esinezimvula, esinomswakama: amazinga okushisa athambile, izimvula eziningi, ilanga eliningi, izinkathi ezine ezicacile.
Inhlabathi: Ngokwezincazelo eziyisithenjwa zencazelo yophawu lwendawo, inhlabathi ephuzi-nsundu yezintaba eqhamuka emadwaleni esihlabathi nasemadwaleni e-slate, evundile futhi evundile, izinto eziphilayo ezingaphezu kuka-5%, i-pH 5–6.
Ukuphakama: Ukuphakama kwezingadi akushiwongo emithonjeni etholakele; lezozincazelo zinikeza kuphela iphuzu eliphakeme lezintaba elingu-1175 m.
Ukwakheka kwendawo ngamadolobha nangezigodi:
- I-Caicun (蔡村镇): I-Aimin, i-Songcun, i-Xiaokang, i-Yueliangwan.
- I-Tingxi (汀溪乡): I-Danankeng, i-Hongxing, i-Hongling, i-Gaoshan, i-Caoxi, i-Suhong, i-Taoling, i-Guochong, i-Shangcao.
- I-Langqiao (榔桥镇): I-Xiyang, i-Huangtian, i-Yongxi, i-Qiugui, i-Wuxi, i-Madu.
- I-Maolin (茂林镇): I-Lianchang, i-Shanshui, i-Tongshan, i-Gaohu, i-Nanrong, i-Tangli, i-Xilifeng, i-Xikou, i-Pancun, i-Fengcun.
- I-Taohuatan (桃花潭镇): I-Longtan, i-Chaji, i-Lianhong, i-Xidi.
- I-Jingchuan (泾川镇): I-Guba, i-Qinfeng, i-Panshi.
- I-Qinxi (琴溪镇): I-Qinxi, i-Leqin.
- I-Huangcun (黄村镇): I-Pingyuan, i-Jiufeng.
- I-Changqiao (昌桥乡): I-Xinqiao, i-Wangdian, i-Baishan, i-Yuandian, i-Zhongqiao, i-Tianfang.
Ubukhulu besifunda: Ngokwemininingwane yesifunda, kunezingadi zetiye ezingaphezu kuka-92 000 mu kanye namathani angaba ngu-2600 etiye elomile ngonyaka. Izibalo ziphathelene nalo lonke itiye lesifunda, hhayi iLanxiang kuphela.

5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza

Izincazelo eziyisithenjwa zencazelo yophawu lwendawo zinikeza ukulandelana okulandelayo; kuvunyelwe kokubili ukwenziwa ngesandla nangomshini:

Ukubuna kwezinto zokusetshenziswa (摊放, tānfàng).
Ukulungisa (杀青, shāqīng): Ukushisa kumisa i-oxidation.
Ukubumba (做形, zuòxíng): Iqabunga linikezwa ukwakheka okuqondile nokunwetshiwe.
Ukomisa kokuqala (初烘, chūhōng).
Ukupholisa (摊凉, tānliáng).
Ukomisa kabusha (复烘, fùhōng).
Ukupakisha.

Amazinga okushisa nezikhathi zemisebenzi awatholakali emithonjeni etholakele. Isifunda sibika ukuthi ubuchwepheshe bavuselelwa ekuqaleni kweminyaka yawo-1990; enye yezincazelo zomlando wochungechunge lwe “兰香” icacisa ukuthi ubuchwepheshe bendawo betiye “elibukhali” (尖茶) lwasetshenziswa njengesisekelo, kwandiswa ubumnene bezinto zokusetshenziswa futhi kwathuthukiswa ukubumba. I-汀溪兰香 ehlobene ngegama izincwadi ziyibeka eminye yamatiye aluhlaza abukhali aphuma esitokisini (烘青尖茶).

6. Izici Zokuzwa

Incazelo ithathwe ezidingweni zophawu lwezolimo lwendawo.

Ukubukeka kweqabunga elomile: Isimo “sezinsingo zesikelo sokufekethisa” (绣剪形), siqondile futhi sinwetshiwe (平直舒展); umbala uluhlaza othe mbijana, ulingana futhi unomswakama, futhi unoboya obubonakalayo (嫩绿、匀润显毫).
Iphunga leqabunga elomile: Azikho izincazelo ezitholakala emithonjeni etholakele.
Iphunga lomhluzi: Lintengantenga, lijulile futhi lihlala isikhathi eside (嫩香馥郁、持久); isifunda sicacisa ukuthi ngemva kokutshalwa kuhlala iphunga le-orchid (兰花香持久).
Ukunambitheka: Okusha, okunempilo, okugcwele, nokubuya okumnandi (鲜爽醇厚、回甘).
Umbala womhluzi: Uluhlaza othe mbijana, osobala futhi okhanyayo (嫩绿、清澈鲜亮).
Izindonga zetiye (iqabunga elitshaliwe): Luhlaza othe mbijana, luhlanzekile ngombala, lunamanzi futhi luyalingana (嫩绿鲜明、肥壮匀整).

Izici ezijwayelekile ezichazwe yincazelo zimbili: isimo sezinsingo kanye nephunga le-orchid.

7. Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali

Izidingo zomkhiqizo ngokwencazelo yophawu lwendawo:

Umswakama: akukho ngaphezu kuka-7.0%.
Umlotha ophelele: akukho ngaphezu kuka-6.5%.
Izinto ezincibilikayo emanzini: okungenani ama-35%.
Imvuthuluka nothuli: akukho ngaphezu kuka-6.0%.

Ayikho imininingwane mayelana nokuqukethwe kwama-catechin, ama-amino acid, ne-caffeine emithonjeni etholakele.

8. Ukutshala

Umkhuba wesigaba setiye eliluhlaza.

Izinga lokushisa lamanzi: 80–85 °C.
Inani letiye: 3 g nge-150 ml.
Izitsha: Ingilazi yeglasi noma i-gaiwan emhlophe.
Inqubo:
1. Fudumeza izitsha.
2. Beka itiye bese uthela amanzi ngasodongeni.
3. Umhluzi wokuqala, imizuzwana engu-40–60.
4. Phuza, ushiya ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu zomhluzi.
5. Thela amanzi futhi.
6. Ukuphinda kabili noma kathathu.

9. Ukugcinwa

Umkhuba wesigaba. Kupakishwe okungangeni moya nokungabonisi, esiqandisini ku-0–5 °C, ngaphandle komswakama, ukukhanya, namaphunga angaphandle. Itiye lesizini: kungcono ukuliphuza phakathi nonyaka.

10. Intengo kanye Nokukhwabanisa

Ayikho imininingwane ngentengo emithonjeni etholakele.

Indlela yokugwema ukukhwabanisa:
- Funani uphawu lwendawo “泾县兰香茶”.
- Qiniseka ukuthi umkhiqizi uvela esifundeni saseJing.
- Iqabunga liqondile, liyisicaba, linoboya; umhluzi uluhlaza othe mbijana; iphunga liyi-orchid.

11. Amaqiniso Ajabulisayo

Indawo evikelwe ihlukaniswe ngamadolobhana: amadolobhana angu-46 ezindaweni eziyisishiyagalolunye nasezigodini.
Igama elithi “Lanxiang” lahlanganisa ngaphansi kwalo izimpawu zetiye ezingaphezu kwamashumi ayisishiyagalolunye zangaphambilini zesifunda.
Ngokwemininingwane yesifunda, kunezinkampani zetiye namapulazi angu-696, kanti abantu abangaphezu kuka-60 000 banomsebenzi othintekayo ngokuqondile noma ngokungaqondile.

12. Ukuqhathanisa namatiye esifunda kanye nomakhelwane

I-Jingxian Te Jian (泾县特尖): Elinye itiye eliluhlaza eliphuma esitokisini lesifunda esifanayo, elinegama laso. Amagama amabili akufanele ahlanganiswe.
I-Yongxi Huo Qing (涌溪火青): Itiye eliluhlaza eliyindilinga lasedolobhaneni laseYongxi, elingaphakathi kwendawo yeLanxiang. IHuo Qing ineqabunga eligoqwe laba amabhola aminyene, kanti iLanxiang yona iqondile futhi iyisicaba.
I-Shucheng Xiao Lan Hua (舒城小兰花): Itiye eliluhlaza lase-Anhui, elaziwa nangephunga le-orchid, kodwa livela kwesinye isifunda.

Ekuphetheni:

I-Jingxian Lanxiang Cha yigama elijwayelekile eliluhlaza lesifunda saseJing: iqabunga eliqondile elisesimweni sezinsingo, umhluzi oluhlaza othe mbijana, kanye nephunga le-orchid elihlala njalo. Indawo yalo ivezwe ngamagama, kuze kufike edolobhaneni, kanti ukuvikelwa kuqinisekiswe kathathu yizinhlaka ezahlukene. Ukubukeka, izindinganiso zomkhiqizo, kanye nokuhleleka kokukhiqiza kwaziwa ngokwencazelo yophawu lwendawo; amazinga okushisa nezikhathi zemisebenzi awekho emithonjeni evulekile.

Imithombo

Amazinga

DB34/T 1842-2013

Inkomba yendawo

CNIPA 地理标志产品认定 №632

Uhlu oluphelele — ekhasini elithi Imithombo