Qīshè chá

Qīshè Chá (Qīshè chá, 七舍茶) itiye lasentabeni lasedolobhaneni laseQīshè (七舍镇) kanye namanye amayunithi amathathu eningizimu-ntshonalanga yesifunda sedolobha saseXīngyì (兴义市) esifundazweni esizimele saseQiánxīnán-Bùyī-Miáozú, esifundazweni saseGuìzhōu. Igama lekilasi alishiwongo, kodwa izidingo zomkhiqizo ovikelwe zichaza ubuchwepheshe betiye eliluhlaza, ngaphandle kwe-oxidation nokuthungwa. Ngokombhalo, izingadi zisendaweni ephakeme ngo-1500–2100 m. Edolobhaneni laseGéshàng (革上村) kusekhona iqembu lezihlahla zetiye ezindala, i-institute yetiye yesifundazwe yalihlukanisa njengomphakathi wendawo wohlobo lwasendle lwe-dàchǎngchá (大厂茶). Kusukela ngoDisemba 2017, iQīshè Chá ivikelwa njengomkhiqizo onophawu lwendawo.

1. Ukuhlukaniswa kanye nemvelaphi

• Uhlobo: Itiye eliluhlaza (绿茶, lǜchá). Isimemezelo sokuvikelwa asisho ikilasi. Isiphetho sisuselwa ohlelweni lobuchwepheshe olusezidingweni zomkhiqizo: 摊青, 杀青, 摊凉, 揉捻, 做形, 干燥. Akukho oxidation, ukuthungwa (闷黄) noma ukuphendula kuyo. Ukushicilelwa kwango-2024 nakho kuthi amaqabunga ezihlahla ezindala zaseQīshè enza itiye eliluhlaza.
• Isigaba: Itiye eliluhlaza lasentabeni eningizimu-ntshonalanga yeGuìzhōu; umkhiqizo onophawu lwendawo (2017).
• Imvelaphi: I-China, isifundazwe saseGuìzhōu (贵州, Guìzhōu), isifunda esizimele saseQiánxīnán-Bùyī-Miáozú (黔西南, Qiánxīnán), isifunda sedolobha saseXīngyì (兴义, Xīngyì).
• Indawo evikelwe: Ngokwesimemezelo, imingcele yamanje yokuphatha yamayunithi amane aseXīngyì: amadolobhana aseQīshè (七舍镇), Pěngzhà (捧乍镇), Jìngnán (敬南镇) kanye nesigodi saseZhūchǎngpíng (猪场坪乡).
• Izixhumanisi zokuma: Idolobhana laseQīshè, cishe 25° enyakatho kanye no-104° empumalanga (ngokwencazelo eyireferensi).

2. Umlando kanye nokubaluleka kwamasiko

• Umlando:
  • Imibhalo ebhaliwe. Incazelo eyireferensi ithi itiye laseQīshè kukhulunywa ngalo ku-《兴义府志》 naku-《滇黔纪游》. Le mibhalo uqobo angizange ngiyibone.
  • 1981. Ngokushicilelwa kweGuìzhōu Radio and Television kwango-2024, ngoMeyi 1981 uchwepheshe we-institute yetiye yesifundazwe wathola iqembu lezihlahla zetiye ezindala eqenjini laseZhǐchǎng (纸厂组) ledolobhana laseGéshàng futhi wazithwebula izithombe.
  • 2012. Ngokwalolo shicilelo, ochwepheshe beGuìzhōu Tea Institute (贵州省茶科所) baphinde bahlola izihlahla futhi bazihlukanisa njengomphakathi wendawo wohlobo lwasendle i-dàchǎngchá, lapho insika yepistil ihlukaniswe yaba izicubu ezintathu kuya kwezinhlanu.
  • Imiklomelo. Ngokwencazelo eyireferensi: 2009, indondo yegolide ye-“Famous Tea of China” kuShanghai International Tea Culture Festival; 2013, umklomelo wokuqala womncintiswano wesifundazwe we-“Qiánchá bēi” (黔茶杯); 2016, umklomelo okhethekile (特等奖); umncintiswano awushiwongo encazelweni.
  • 2017. I-General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine (AQSIQ) ngesimemezelo sango-2017 No. 108 yathatha iQīshè Chá ngaphansi kwesivikelo njengomkhiqizo onophawu lwendawo. Isimemezelo sisayinwe mhla ziyisi-8 kuDisemba 2017; ematiyeni aseGuìzhōu kuso kukhona futhi iJiǔcéngshān Chá (九层山茶) kanye neQínglóng Lǜchá (晴隆绿茶).
• Igama: “Qīshè” (七舍) yigama ledolobhana, inhliziyo yendawo evikelwe. Imvelaphi yetoponym uqobo ayitholakali emithonjeni etholakele.
• Ukubaluleka kwamasiko: Incazelo eyireferensi ithi itiye eQīshè belitshalwa kusukela kudala futhi esikhathini esedlule belaziwa kakhulu; obunye ubufakazi ngaphandle kwalezi zincwadi ezimbili ezingenhla abunikwanga.

3. Incazelo yezitshalo kanye nezinto zokusetshenziswa

• Izinhlobo ngokombhalo: Imiphakathi yendawo yamaqabunga amancane naphakathi (当地中小叶群体种), kanye nezinhlobo zeMéizhàn (梅占), Báiyè 1 (白叶1号), Qiánchá 1 (黔茶1号), Qiánchá 8 (黔茶8号), Fúdǐng dàbáichá (福鼎大白茶) kanye neLóngjǐng 43 (龙井43).
• Isihlahla sendawo: Izincazelo eziyireferensi zihlukanisa isihlahla sendawo saseQīshè njengohlobo oluyisisekelo kakhulu: ama-catechin alula kuwo maningi kunalawo e-esterified. Siyakwazi ukumelana nesithwathwa futhi, ngokwalezi zincazelo, sihlala siluhlaza ku-−7…−8 °C.
• Izihlahla ezindala: Eqenjini laseZhǐchǎng, ngokushicilelwa kwango-2024, kukhula izihlahla ezindala ezingaba namakhulu amabili. Phakathi kwazo kunezine-ovary (四球) kanye nezihlanu-ovary eziyivelakancane, “五室茶”, noma “五球茶”. Ukushicilelwa kubiza ukuthi zineminyaka eyinkulungwane, kodwa nakho kuyavuma ukuthi iminyaka kanye nobubanzi bensimu endala kusamele kuqinisekiswe.
• Ukuvuna: Entwasahlobo, kusukela maphakathi noMashi kuze kube sekuqaleni kukaMeyi; ehlobo, kusukela ekupheleni kukaMeyi kuze kube sekuqaleni kuka-Agasti.
• Izinga lokuvuna: Entwasahlobo, iqabunga elilodwa kuphela, iqabunga elilodwa elivulekayo kanye neqabunga elilodwa, amaqabunga amabili avulekayo kuphela. Ehlobo, kunezelwa iqabunga elilodwa elinamaqabunga amathathu avulekayo kuphela.
• Izidingo zokutshala: Ukusabalalisa ngama-cuttings, ukuminyana kwezitshalo ezingama-45–50 eziyinkulungwane ngehektha.

4. I-terroir kanye nezici zokutshala

• Ukuphakama kokukhula: 1500–2100 m, ngokwezidingo zomkhiqizo. Incazelo eyireferensi inikeza idolobhana laseQīshè ukuphakama okuphakathi nendawo ngo-1880 m kanye nendawo ephakeme kakhulu ngo-2207.5 m. Ukushicilelwa kwango-2024 kukhuluma ngensimu endala entabeni iBáilóngshān (白龙山) endaweni ephakeme kuno-2200 m.
• Inhlabathi: I-yellow noma i-yellow-brown (黄壤、黄棕壤); i-pH 4.5–6.5; izinto eziphilayo ezingekho ngaphansi kwe-1.0 %; ukujula kongqimba lwenhlabathi okungekho ngaphansi kwama-40 cm, konke ngokombhalo.
• Isimo sezulu: Ngokwencazelo eyireferensi, unyaka wonke kunomswakama futhi kunenkungu: izinga lokushisa lonyaka eliphakathi nendawo ngu-14.5 °C, imvula icishe ibe ngu-1600 mm ngonyaka, ukuminyana kwehlathi kungaphezu kwama-48 %.
• Ububanzi bezingadi: Ngokwencazelo eyireferensi, edolobhaneni laseQīshè kunama-mu angama-24.5 ezinkulungwane wezingadi zetiye, esifundeni sonke sedolobha saseXīngyì, ama-mu angama-79 ezinkulungwane. Unyaka lapho lezi zinombolo zibhekisela kuwo awushiwongo.

5. Ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza

Izidingo zomkhiqizo zibeka ubuchwepheshe obunemingcele, lokhu kuyincazelo yeQīshè Chá ngokwayo, hhayi uhlelo olujwayelekile lwekilasi.

1. Ukuhlukaniswa kweqabunga elisha (摊青, tānqīng): Isendlalelo esingu-1–5 cm, amahora ama-5–10.
2. Ukulungisa (杀青, shāqīng): 180–200 °C, imizuzu emi-2–6. Ukulungisa kubhekwa njengokwanele lapho umbala weqabunga ushintsha usuka kokuluhlaza okusha uye kokuluhlaza okumnyama, iqabunga liba lithambile futhi kuvela iphunga elimsulwa.
3. Ukupholisa (摊凉, tānliáng): Isendlalelo esingu-2–3 cm, imizuzu eyi-10–20.
4. Ukusonga (揉捻, róuniǎn): Imizuzu eyi-12–25.
5. Ukubumba (做形, zuòxíng): Ngokwesimo esidingekayo, itiye eliyisicaba, i-“máofēng” eqondile (毛峰, máofēng) noma eligoqekile.
6. Ukomisa (干燥, gānzào): Ngamahlandla amabili noma amathathu, kuze kube umswakama ongekho ngaphezu kwe-7.0 %.

6. Izici ze-organoleptic

Le ncazelo engezansi ivela ezidingweni zomkhiqizo ovikelwe.

• Ukubukeka kweqabunga elomile: “Izintambo” eziminyene nezilinganayo ezinoboya obubonakalayo (条索紧实、匀整，显毫); umbala, oluhlaza okunsundu (褐绿), ongajwayelekile etiyeni eliluhlaza.
• Iphunga leqabunga elomile: Ayikho incazelo ehlukile; umbhalo ubiza iphunga ngokuthi lihlala isikhathi eside (香气持久), ngaphandle kokucacisa ukuthi liqabunga elomile noma umhluzo.
• Iphunga lomhluzo: Lihlala isikhathi eside (香气持久); emlonyeni, iphunga elimsulwa (口感清香).
• Ukunambitheka: Kunoshukela, kumnandi, kusha futhi kuvuselela (滋味甘怡鲜爽).
• Umbala womhluzo: Umsulwa, obala futhi okhanyayo (汤色清澈明亮).
• Izinsalela zetiye (iqabunga elisetshenzisiwe): Kuphuzi-luhlaza futhi kulingene (叶底黄绿匀整).

Izincazelo eziyireferensi zetiye lesihlahla sendawo zibonisa ukubukeka okuhlukile: umhluzo ugcwele futhi ukhanya, ukunambitheka kumsulwa futhi kuhambisana, kunobuhlungu obuncane; kukhulunywa nangephunga le-caramel.

7. Ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali

Izidingo zefiziksi namakhemikhali zeQīshè Chá:

Isinkomba	Izinga
Umswakama	ongekho ngaphezu kwe-7.0 %
I-aqueous extract	ongekho ngaphansi kwe-38.0 %
Umlotha ophelele	ongekho ngaphezu kwe-6.5 %
I-crude fiber	ongekho ngaphezu kwe-14.0 %

Awekho amazinga e-polyphenols embhalweni, nakuba amanye amatiye amabili aseGuìzhōu asesimemezelweni esifanayo enawo (angekho ngaphansi kwe-13.0 %).

8. Ukuphisa

Umkhuba wekilasi wetiye eliluhlaza.

• Izinga lokushisa lamanzi: 80–85 °C.
• Inani letiye: 3 g ku-150 ml.
• Izitsha: Ingilazi yengilazi noma i-gaiwan emhlophe.
• Inqubo:
  1. Fudumeza izitsha.
  2. Faka itiye bese uthela amanzi ngasemgqonyeni.
  3. Umhluzo wokuqala, ngemva kwemizuzwana engama-40–60.
  4. Phuza, ushiya ingxenye yomhluzo.
  5. Thela amanzi futhi.
  6. Ukuthela okuphindwe kabili noma kathathu.

9. Ukugcina

Umkhuba wekilasi. Ephepheni elivalekile, esiqandisini ku-0–5 °C, ngaphandle kokukhanya, umswakama kanye namaphunga. Kungcono ukuphuzwa phakathi nonyaka.

10. Intengo kanye nama-fake

Ayikho idatha yezintengo emithonjeni etholakele.

• Ugwema kanjani ama-fake:
  • Bheka uphawu olukhethekile lomkhiqizo onophawu lwendawo. Ngokwesimemezelo sango-2017, isicelo sokulusebenzisa umkhiqizi usithumela kubaphathi bokuqapha imakethe besifunda sedolobha saseXīngyì.
  • Qinisekisa ukuthi itiye lenziwe emadolobhaneni aseQīshè, Pěngzhà, Jìngnán noma esigodini saseZhūchǎngpíng.
  • Iqabunga, liminyene, linoboya, luhlaza okunsundu; umhluzo, ubalile futhi ukhanya.

11. Amaqiniso athakazelisayo

• Ngaphansi kwegama elilodwa elivikelwe, umbhalo uvumela izinhlobo ezintathu zesimo seqabunga.
• Eqenjini elilodwa lezihlahla ezindala zaseGéshàng kukhula zombili izihlahla ezine-ovary kanye nezinhlanu-ovary eziyivelakancane.

12. Ukuqhathanisa namanye amatiye aseGuìzhōu

• Qínglóng Lǜchá (晴隆绿茶): Itiye eliluhlaza lesifunda esizimele esifanayo, elivikelwe yisimemezelo esifanayo. Izingadi ziphansi, ngo-1100–1700 m; ebuchwephesheni kukhona ukufudumeza okuhlukile kwephunga (提香, tíxiāng), futhi emazingeni, ama-polyphenols angekho ngaphansi kwe-13.0 %.
• Jiǔcéng Shān Lǜ Chá (九层山绿茶): Itiye eliluhlaza lesifunda esikhethekile saseLiùzhī esifundeni sedolobha saseLiùpánshuǐ; isimemezelo esifanayo sathatha ngaphansi kwesivikelo igama elithi 九层山茶. Ukuphakama ngokombhalo, 1000–1500 m.
• Pǔ’ān Sìqiú Chá (普安四球茶): Itiye eliluhlaza lesifunda sasePǔ’ān sesifunda esizimele esifanayo elenziwe ngamaqabunga etiye eline-ovary ezine; izihlahla ezine-ovary ezine zikhona futhi phakathi kwezihlahla ezindala zaseQīshè.

Ekuphetheni:

IQīshè Chá itiye eliluhlaza lasentabeni eningizimu-ntshonalanga yeGuìzhōu elinezingadi eziku-1500–2100 m, lapho eduze kokutshalwa kwezinhlobo ezikhethiwe kumi izihlahla ezindala zomphakathi wasendle we-dàchǎngchá. Umbhalo wango-2017 uchaza kabanzi: ukuvuna kusuka eqabungeni elilodwa, ukulungisa ku-180–200 °C, izimo ezintathu, iqabunga eliluhlaza okunsundu elinoboya, umhluzo obalile kanye nokunambitheka okunoshukela nokusha. Iminyaka yezihlahla kanye nemibhalo yaziwa kuphela ngezincazelo zesibili.

Imithombo

Inkomba yendawo

• 原质检总局地理标志产品保护 №2017年第108号

Uhlu oluphelele — ekhasini elithi Imithombo