Dàozhēn lǜchá

I-Daozhen Lücha (Dàozhēn lǜchá, 道真绿茶) itiye eliluhlaza lase-Daozhen-Gelao-Miao Autonomous County (道真仡佬族苗族自治县) kwisifunda sasedolobheni iZunyi enyakatho yesifundazwe saseGuizhou. Umkhiqizo onesikhombi sendawo unamagama amabili: elesibili, kubakaki, i-Daozhen Xisi Cha (道真硒锶茶, Dàozhēn xīsī chá), «itiye le-selenium-strontium lase-Daozhen». Kusukela ngo-April 2015 igama livikelwe kuso sonke isifunda. Izidingo zomkhiqizo zichaza izinhlobo ezimbili — isonti eligoqiwe «ngezintambo» kanye nelesicaba — kanye nezingadi eziphakeme ngo-600–1200 m. I-selenium ne-strontium zifakwe egameni, kodwa azikho izindinganiso ezibekiwe ngazo ezidingweni.

1. Ukuhlukaniswa kanye nemvelaphi

Uhlobo: Itiye eliluhlaza (绿茶, lǜchá) — isigaba sivezwe egameni futhi siqinisekiswa ubuchwepheshe: ukumisa, ukusonta noma ukubumba, ukomisa, ngaphandle kwe-oxidation.
Isigaba: Itiye eliluhlaza lesifunda laseNyakatho yeGuizhou; umkhiqizo onesikhombi sendawo (2015). Izinhlobo ezimbili: isonti (条形茶, tiáoxíngchá) kanye nelesicaba (扁形茶, biǎnxíngchá).
Imvelaphi: I-China, isifundazwe saseGuizhou (贵州, Guìzhōu), isifunda sasedolobheni iZunyi (遵义, Zūnyì), i-Daozhen-Gelao-Miao Autonomous County (道真, Dàozhēn).
Indawo evikelwe: Imingcele yamanje yokuphatha yaso sonke isifunda esizimele — kanjalo kusaziso sango-2015 kanye nesicelo esamukelwe ngo-2014.
Izixhumanisi zokuma: Cishe 28.9° N kanye no-107.6° E.

2. Umlando kanye nokubaluleka kwamasiko

Umlando:
- 2011. Isifunda samukela izinga laso — «Imithetho yobuchwepheshe yokukhiqiza i-Daozhen Lücha (i-Daozhen Xisi Cha)» DB520325/T02-2011. Libalulwe phakathi kwemibhalo yesicelo sango-2014.
- 2014. I-General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine (AQSIQ) ngesaziso sango-2014 No. 85 (25 July) yamukela isicelo ukuba sicutshungulwe. Indawo evikelwe yachazwa uhulumeni wesifunda esizimele: sonke isifunda.
- 2015. Ngesaziso se-AQSIQ sango-2015 No. 44 (7 April) i-Daozhen Lücha yathathwa ngaphansi kokuvikelwa njengomkhiqizo onesikhombi sendawo. Esazisweni esifanayo — omunye umkhiqizo wesifunda, i-道真灰豆腐果, kanye netiye laseGuizhou i-水城春茶; sezizonke imikhiqizo engu-22.
- 2017–2018. Izinga lesifundazwe «Umkhiqizo onesikhombi sendawo. I-Daozhen Lücha (i-Daozhen Xisi Cha)» DB52/T 1219-2017 lashicilelwa ngomhla ka-27 Septemba 2017 futhi lisebenza kusukela ngomhla ka-26 Mashi 2018. Ngokwenkundla kazwelonke yamazinga liyancomeka futhi liyasebenza. Umbhalo wezinga angizange ngiwubone.
- 2024. Ngokwerejista, isifunda sifakwe ohlwini lwe-China National Intellectual Property Administration (CNIPA) lwango-2024 (ukukhishwa kwesithathu), oluhlobene nelungelo lophawu olukhethekile.
Igama: «i-Daozhen» (道真) yigama lesifunda. «i-Lücha» (绿茶) itiye eliluhlaza. «i-Xisi» (硒锶) i-selenium ne-strontium: isifunda sakha uhlobo lomphakathi olusekelwe ekwakhekeni kwamaminerali enhlabathini. Izimangalo zempilo azivezwa lapha.
Ukubaluleka kwamasiko: Isifunda sizimele — sezizwe zamaGelao namaMiao. Isiko letiye alichazwanga emibhalweni engiyitholile.

3. Incazelo yezitshalo kanye nezinto zokusetshenziswa

Uhlobo / I-cultivar: Izihlahla zendawo (当地群体种) kanye nezinhlobo ezilungele leli tiye; umbhalo awusho izinhlobo eziqondile.
Ukuvuna: Entwasahlobo — kusukela ekupheleni kukaFebhuwari kuya ekuqaleni kukaMeyi; ekwindla — kusukela maphakathi noSeptemba kuya ekupheleni kuka-Okthoba.
Izinga lokuvuna: Ngetiye eligoqiwe — kusukela ebudleni obubodwa kuya ebudleni obunamaqabunga amabili. Ngetiye elisicaba — kusukela ebudleni obubodwa kuya ebudleni obuneqabunga elilodwa elisanda kuvuleka.
Izidingo zokutshala: Ukusabalalisa ngezinqumo. Ukutshala entwasahlobo (kusukela maphakathi noFebhuwari kuya ekupheleni kukaMashi) noma ekwindla (kusukela maphakathi no-Okthoba kuya ekupheleni kukaDisemba). Ubuningi bungabi ngaphezu kwezitshalo ezingama-50 000 ngehektha; okungenani amathani angama-30 omquba ophilile obolile ngehektha ngonyaka.

4. I-terroir kanye nezici zokutshala

Isifunda: INyakatho yeGuizhou, isifunda sasedolobheni iZunyi.
Ukuphakama kokutshala: 600–1200 m — ngokwezidingo zomkhiqizo.
Inhlabathi: Inhlabathi ephuzi noma enesihlabathi (黄壤或沙壤); i-pH 4.5–6.5; izinto eziphilayo okungenani 1.0 %; ukujula kongqimba lwenhlabathi okungenani amasentimitha angama-50.
I-selenium ne-strontium: Igama lesibili letiye lakhelwe phezu kwazo, kodwa akukho zinombolo ngenhlabathi noma ngeqabunga emibhalweni engiyitholile, futhi izidingo zango-2015 azibeki izimfuneko kuzo.
Isimo sezulu: Akukho data emithonjeni etholakele.

5. Ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza

Izidingo zomkhiqizo zibeka izinhlelo ezimbili ezinemingcele — lena yincazelo ye-Daozhen Lücha ngokuqondile.

Itiye eligoqiwe: iqabunga elisha, ukulala (摊晾, tānliàng), ukumisa, ukupholisa, ukusonta (揉捻, róuniǎn), ukuhlukanisa izigaxa (解块, jiěkuài), ukomisa kokuqala (毛火, máohuǒ), ukupholisa, ukomisa kokugcina (足火, zúhuǒ), ukupholisha (精制, jīngzhì).

Ukumisa (杀青, shāqīng): 200–300 °C. Iqabunga likhishwa lapho seliluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, isiqu asiphuki lapho sigotshwa, futhi ngokuthinta iqabunga linamathela kancane.
Ukomisa kokuqala: 120–150 °C, kuze kube yilapho «izintambo» seziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka (墨绿) futhi zibukhali ngokuthinta; bese iqabunga liyaphola futhi liyaphumula.
Ukomisa kokugcina: Ibhodwe 80–90 °C, kuze kube yilapho «izintambo» sezimpunga-luhlaza zikhanye ngamafutha; umswakama — ungabi ngaphezu kuka-7 %.

Itiye elisicaba: iqabunga elisha, ukulala, ukumisa, ukupholisa, ukubumba kokuqala (做形, zuòxíng), ukupholisa, ukubumba kwesibili, ukupholisa, ukomisa kokugcina ngokupholisha ebhodweni (辉锅, huīguō), ukupholisa.

Ukumisa: Iqabunga likhishwa lapho iphunga lotshani linyamalala futhi kuvela iphunga elimnandi.
Ukubumba: 100–120 °C. Ngemva kokokuqala okungenani u-90 % wamaqabunga kufanele abe «yizintambo» eziqondile, umswakama — ngaphansi kuka-50 %. Ngemva kwesesibili okungenani u-98 % wamaqabunga kufanele abe isicaba, umswakama — ngaphansi kuka-30 %.
Ukomisa kokugcina ngokupholisha: Ibhodwe 80–100 °C, kuze kube yilapho iqabunga liluhlaza, licwebezela futhi libushelelezi, futhi ibudleli lichotshozeka libe yimpushana phakathi kweminwe; umswakama — ungabi ngaphezu kuka-7 %.

6. Izici ze-organoleptic

Izidingo zezinzwa embhalweni zimfushane.

Ukubukeka kweqabunga elomile: Akukho ncazelo ehlukile. Izinkomba zobuchwepheshe zikhuluma ngezintambo ezimpunga-luhlaza ezikhanya ngamafutha etiyeni eligoqiwe kanye neqabunga eliluhlaza, elicwebezelayo, elibushelelezi etiyeni elisicaba.
Iphunga leqabunga elomile: Akukho data emithonjeni etholakele.
Iphunga lotshwala: Lihlanzekile futhi lijulile (香气清香，浓郁).
Ukunambitheka: Kuthambile futhi kuminyene (滋味醇厚); itiye limelana nokuchitheka okuningi (耐泡).
Umbala wotshwala: Akukho data emithonjeni etholakele.
Isizinda setiye (iqabunga eliphisiwe): Akukho data emithonjeni etholakele.

7. Ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali

Inkomba	Izinga
Izinto ezikhishwayo (浸出物)	okungenani 38.0 %
Umswakama wetiye eliqediwe	ungabi ngaphezu kuka-7 % (ubekwe kubuchwepheshe)

Azikho ezinye izindinganiso ze-physicochemical, kuhlanganise ne-selenium ne-strontium, esazisweni sango-2015. Ukuthi izinga lesifundazwe lika-2017 lengeze ini, angikwazi ukusho: umbhalo walo angizange ngiwubone.

8. Ukuphisa

Umkhuba wesigaba setiye eliluhlaza.

Izinga lokushisa lamanzi: 80–85 °C.
Inani letiye: 3 g nge-150 ml.
Izitsha: Ingilazi noma i-gaiwan emhlophe.
Inqubo:
1. Shisisa izitsha.
2. Faka itiye bese uthela amanzi ngasodongeni.
3. Ukuchitheka kokuqala — ngemva kwemizuzwana engama-40–60.
4. Phuza, ushiya ingxenye yotshwala.
5. Thela amanzi futhi.
6. Ukuphinda kabili noma kathathu; umbhalo uphawula ukuthi itiye limelana nokuchitheka okuningi.

9. Ukugcina

Umkhuba wesigaba. Epaketheni elivalekile, esiqandisini ku-0–5 °C, ngaphandle kokukhanya, umswakama kanye namaphunga. Kungcono ukuphuza phakathi nonyaka.

10. Intengo kanye nemikhiqizo yomgunyathi

Akukho data ngentengo emithonjeni etholakele.

Indlela yokugwema imikhiqizo yomgunyathi:
- Funa uphawu olukhethekile lomkhiqizo onesikhombi sendawo. Ngokwesaziso sango-2015, isicelo selungelo lokulusebenzisa umkhiqizi usithumela kubaphathi bokuqondisa imakethe besifunda esizimele.
- Qinisekisa ukuthi umkhiqizi uvela e-Daozhen-Gelao-Miao Autonomous County.
- Amagama athi «硒锶» ephaketheni awaqinisekisi lutho: okuqukethwe kwe-selenium kungaqinisekiswa kuphela yiprothokholi yokuhlola.

11. Amaqiniso athakazelisayo

Umkhiqizo owodwa ovikelwe unamagama amabili: «道真绿茶» kanye, kubakaki, «道真硒锶茶».
Indlela yezinga — kusukela ezingeni lesifunda lika-2011 kuya ezingeni lesifundazwe lika-2017.
Itiye elisicaba livunwa kancane kuneligoqiwe: akudluli ebudleni obuneqabunga elilodwa elisanda kuvuleka.

12. Ukuqhathanisa namanye amatiye aseGuizhou

I-Gelao Yu Cui (仡佬玉翠): Itiye eliluhlaza elisicaba lesifunda esifanayo ngaphansi kophawu lwayo lokuhweba; kuhlanganiswe ngokwehlukile kule ncwadi. I-Daozhen Lücha yigama elivikelwe lezinga lesifunda, lapho kwakhiwa khona kokubili itiye eligoqiwe nelisicaba.
I-Fenggang Xin Xi Cha (凤冈锌硒茶): Itiye eliluhlaza lesifunda i-Fenggang esifundeni sasedolobheni i-Zunyi; egameni laso — i-zinc ne-selenium.
I-Zheng’an Baicha (正安白茶): Itiye eliluhlaza lesifunda i-Zheng’an esifundeni i-Zunyi kusuka ohlotsheni lwamaqabunga amhlophe.
I-Meitan Cui Ya (湄潭翠芽): Itiye eliluhlaza elisicaba lesifunda i-Meitan esifundeni esifanayo.
I-Enshi Xicha (恩施硒茶): Isambulela se-selenium sesifunda i-Enshi esifundazweni saseHubei — elinye igama elakhelwe phezu kwamaminerali enhlabathini.

Ekuphetheni:

I-Daozhen Lücha itiye eliluhlaza lesifunda laseNyakatho yeGuizhou elinezingadi eziphakeme ngo-600–1200 m, elivikelwe kusukela ngo-2015 kuso sonke isifunda. Umbhalo uchaza izinhlobo ezimbili ezinemigomo enemininingwane yebhodwe, futhi ukunambitheka — njengokuthambile nokuminyene, nephunga elihlanzekile elijulile. Igama lesibili lithembisa i-selenium ne-strontium, kodwa azikho izindinganiso ezibekiwe ngazo ezidingweni.