I-Changshan Yinhao (Chángshān yínháo, 常山银毫) itiye eliluhlaza lasesifundeni sase-Changshan (常山县) ngaphansi kukamasipala wase-Quzhou entshonalanga yesifundazwe sase-Zhejiang. Igama elithi “Yinhao” lisho “uboya besiliva obuthambile”: igama lichaza ukubukeka, hhayi isigaba. Isigaba sichazwa incazelo eyodwa kuphela enemininingwane eyatholakala, okuwukuphrintwa kabusha ku-portal ye-”Zhongguo wang” (2017): “常山银毫，属绿茶” — “I-Changshan Yinhao ingeyamatiye aluhlaza”. Kuleyo ncazelo kukhona nobuchwepheshe bemishini obunezinombolo: ukulungiswa kwe-drum ku-130–140 °C, ukuqondiswa ebhodweni, ukuqedwa ngesandla komumo wezinhlobo eziphakathi neziphezulu, nokomisa kabili. Itiye eliqediwe lincane, liqinile, liyindilinga futhi liqondile, linombala ohlaza okotshani, linoboya obuphawulekayo. Kusukela ngo-2013 igama livikelwa wuphawu lwesitifiketi sezwe; umnikazi wawo yinhlangano yetiye elidumile le-”Changshan yinhao”.
1. Ukuhlukaniswa kanye nemvelaphi
- Uhlobo: Itiye eliluhlaza (绿茶, lǜchá). Incazelo ka-2017 ilubiza kanjalo, futhi ubuchwepheshe balo buluhlaza: ukulungiswa, ukuqondiswa, ukomiswa, ngaphandle kokubila nokuthi kube ne-oxidation. Angizange ngiwubone umbhalo wophawu onesigaba.
- Isigaba: Itiye elidumile lasesifundeni sase-Quzhou; uphawu lwesitifiketi sezwe (2013).
- Imvelaphi: I-China, isifundazwe sase-Zhejiang (浙江, Zhèjiāng), umasipala wase-Quzhou (衢州, Qúzhōu), isifunda sase-Changshan (常山, Chángshān).
- Indawo: Isizinda sikahulumeni wesifundazwe sibonisa isifunda sase-Changshan njengendawo yomnikazi; umngcele osemthethweni wendawo angizange ngiwubone.
- Izixhumanisi zendawo: Isifunda sase-Changshan siseduze no-28.9° enyakatho no-118.5° empumalanga.
2. Umlando nokubaluleka kwamasiko
- Umlando: Usuku lokudalwa kwetiye alukho emithonjeni etholakele. Incazelo ka-2017 ibala imiklomelo:
- Umqhudelwano wase-Quzhou. Emqhudelwaneni wamatiye adumile wedolobha, kwatholakala izindawo eziphezulu kanye nesiqu “setiye elidumile ledolobha”; incazelo ayisho unyaka.
- 1991. Ikomidi lomkhosi we-Hangzhou wamasiko etiye lamazwe ngamazwe, owawuququzelelwa wuMnyango Wezokuvakasha Kahulumeni kanye nohulumeni wase-Zhejiang, lanikeza itiye indebe kanye nediploma ethi “umuntu omusha phakathi kwamatiye adumile” (名茶新秀).
- Isifundazwe. Ngokwemiphumela yemiqhudelwano eminingana yesifundazwe, kwatholakala idiploma yetiye elidumile elisezingeni.
- 1992. Indondo yethusi embukisweni wokuqala wezolimo wase-China.
- 1995. Indondo yegolide embukisweni wesibili wezolimo wase-China.
- 1998. Indondo yegolide embukisweni wokuqala wesifundazwe wemikhiqizo yezolimo edumile, ekhethekile, esezingeni nentsha yase-Zhejiang.
- 2010–2013 — uphawu. Isicelo sithunyelwe ngo-23 Disemba 2010, ukubhaliswa kwaba ngo-14 Agasti 2013.
- Igama: “Changshan” (常山) yigama lesifunda; “yinhao” (银毫) kusho “uboya besiliva obuthambile”, ngenxa yoboya obumhlophe eqabungeni eliluhlaza okotshani.
- Ukubaluleka kwamasiko: Incazelo ka-2017 ithi itiye lidayiselwa e-Hong Kong, e-Taiwan, e-Beijing, e-Tianjin, e-Jinan, e-Taiyuan, e-Shanghai, e-Hangzhou, e-Ningbo nakwamanye amadolobha amakhulu. Esifundeni, leli yitiye elinegama laso: uphawu luphethwe yinhlangano eqanjwe ngegama letiye uqobo.
3. Incazelo yezitshalo nezinto zokusetshenziswa
- Uhlobo / I-cultivar: Ayikho imininingwane emithonjeni etholakele.
- Ukuvuna: Azikho izikhathi emithonjeni etholakele.
- Izinga lokuvuna: Iqabunga elilodwa elisanda kuvuleka elinombudango munye (一芽一叶初展). Umbudango neqabunga kumele kube okuphelele; amahlumela alinyazwe izinambuzane awavunwa.
- Izidingo zezinto zokusetshenziswa: Izinto zokusetshenziswa ziyi-bud eyodwa eneqabunga elilodwa ngokuyinhloko; incazelo igcizelela ukuthi ukubukeka kwetiye kulethwa wukucophelela kokuvuna nokucubungula.
4. I-terroir nezici zokutshala
- Isifunda: Intshonalanga yesifundazwe sase-Zhejiang, isifunda sase-Quzhou.
- Izimo: Incazelo ka-2017 ithi kuphela ukuthi itiye likhula endaweni etiyeni esezintabeni, lapho “kukhuphuka amafu futhi kukhanya ukusa” (云蒸霞蔚).
- Ukuphakama, isimo sezulu nomhlabathi: Azikho izinombolo emithonjeni etholakele.
5. Ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza
Incazelo ka-2017 inikeza ubuchwepheshe bemishini ngezigaba, ngamagama emishini, amazinga okushisa nesikhathi; ngezansi kuhunyushwa ngokusondelana nombhalo.
- Ukuvuna nokwandlala (摊放, tānfàng): Iqabunga elisha landlalwa ngokushesha libe lincane kumata ase-bamboo noma phansi kukasimende ohlanzekile, ungqimba lungu-2 cm, amahora angu-4–6; iqabunga elimanzi ngenxa yemvula ligcinwa isikhathi eside. Cishe njalo emahoreni amabili iqabunga liyaphendulwa. Selilungile uma selithambile, lishintshe umbala futhi liphele iphunga lotshani.
- Ukulungiswa (杀青, shāqīng): Umshini we-drum 6CST30. Iqabunga lifakwa lapho ngaphakathi kwe-drum kune-130–140 °C futhi indawo yokungena ishisa esandleni, ngokulinganayo nangokuqhubekayo, amakhilogremu angu-35 ngehora. Ukulungiswa kuthatha cishe umzuzu. Ukulungela: iphunga elihlanzekile, isiqu siyagoba futhi asiphuli, azikho iziqu namaqabunga abomvu, iqabunga linamathela kancane esandleni. Iqabunga ekuphumeni lipholiswa ngokushesha ukuze kugcinwe umbala ohlaza okotshani.
- Ukuqondisa (理条, lǐtiáo): Umshini omningi wamatiye adumile 6CMD40/7 ngaphandle kwe-roller yokucindezela noma umshini ohlukile wokuqondisa; 90–100 °C, kuqala phezulu, kamuva phansi; amakhilogremu angu-1.2–1.5 eqabunga, imizuzu engu-6–10. Iqabunga likhishwa lapho seliqinile, liqondile futhi lihlaba entendeni yesandla.
- Ukuqeda umumo kanye “nokuphakamisa uboya” (整形提毫, zhěngxíng tíháo): Ezinhlotsheni eziphansi lesi sigaba sehliswa, bese komiswa ngokushesha ngemva kokuqondisa. Izinhlobo eziphakathi neziphezulu ziqedwa ngesandla ebhodweni likagesi 6CG65 ku-80 °C, nge-0.15–0.20 kg. Iminwe emine ihlangene nge-engeli eqondile kubhontshisi, itiye lithathwa entendeni yesandla futhi liphendulwa ngokuqhubekayo, ukuze ingcindezi isakazeke ngokulinganayo. Lesi sigaba siphela lapho izintambo seziqondile futhi kubonakala uboya obumhlophe.
- Ukomisa (烘干, hōnggān): Umshini omncane wokomisa, kabili. Okokuqala ku-90–100 °C, kuphendulwa njalo ngemizuzu emi-5–6, kuze komiswe izingxenye eziyisishiyagalombili kweziyishumi, bese kupholiswa ihora. Okwesibili ku-80–90 °C, kuphendulwa njalo ngemizuzu emi-5, kuze kube yilapho iqabunga ligaywa libe yimpushana ngeminwe.
Incazelo ibiza lobu buchwepheshe ngobemishini; akukho okuvelayo emithonjeni etholakele ukuthi itiye linobuchwepheshe obuhlukile bezandla.
6. Izici ze-organoleptic
Incazelo ka-2017:
- Ukubukeka kweqabunga elomile: Lincane, liqinile, liyindilinga futhi liqondile, luhlaza okotshani, linoboya obuphawulekayo (细紧圆直，翠绿显毫).
- Iphunga leqabunga elomile: Ayikho incazelo ehlukile.
- Iphunga lotshala: Linothile futhi lihlala isikhathi eside (香气馥郁持久).
- Ukunambitheka: Kusha, kuthambile futhi kuyaqabulayo (滋味鲜醇爽口); komunye umhlathi wendima efanayo, kusha futhi kuthambile, kunoshukela (鲜醇带甘).
- Umbala wotshala: Uluhlaza okotshani obuthambile futhi okhanyayo (汤色嫩绿明亮).
- Isisekelo setiye (iqabunga elisetshenzisiwe): Iqabunga elincane nelithambile livuleka libe yizimbali (叶底细嫩成朵); komunye umhlathi, liphelele, libe yizimbali (完整成朵).
7. Ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali
Ayikho imininingwane ye-physicochemical emithonjeni etholakele. Incazelo ka-2017 ibala kuphela amaqembu ezinto ezivamile kunoma yiliphi itiye: amanzi, ama-polyphenol, amaprotheni, ama-amino acid, ama-enzyme, ama-alkaloid, ushukela, amavithamini. Ayinikezi izinombolo.
8. Izakhiwo eziwusizo
Ayikho imininingwane eqinisekisiwe ngomphumela waleli tiye ngokwalo. Incazelo ka-2017 ithi itiye linomphumela omelene nohlu olude lwezifo; lezi zimangalo azinakho ukuqinisekiswa, futhi angiziphindi.
9. Ukwenziwa kwetiye
Umkhuba wesigaba setiye eliluhlaza.
- Izinga lokushisa lamanzi: 80–85 °C.
- Inani letiye: 3 g ku-150 ml.
- Izitsha: Ingilazi ekhanyayo, lapho kubonakala khona izintambo eziqondile zivuleka zibe yizimbali, noma i-gaiwan emhlophe.
- Inqubo:
- Shisisa izitsha.
- Faka itiye bese uthela amanzi ngasodongeni.
- Ukucwiliswa kokuqala emizuzwini engu-40–60.
- Phuza, ushiya ingxenye yotshala.
- Thela amanzi futhi.
- Ukuphinda kabili noma kathathu.
10. Ukugcina
Umkhuba wesigaba. Emaphaketheni avaliwe, esiqandisini ku-0–5 °C, ngaphandle kokukhanya, umswakama namaphunga. Kungcono ukuphuzwa phakathi nonyaka.
11. Intengo kanye nokukhwabanisa
Ayikho imininingwane ngezintengo emithonjeni etholakele. Ngobuchwepheshe kuyabonakala ukuthi izinhlobo ziyahlukana: eziphezulu ziqedwa ngesandla futhi “ziphakanyiswa uboya”, eziphansi zomiswa ngokushesha ngemva kokuqondisa.
- Ugwema kanjani ukukhwabanisa:
- Funa uphawu lwesitifiketi sezwe “常山银毫” No. 8981415. Ngokwesizinda sikahulumeni wesifundazwe sango-2019, izinkampani ezimbili kuphela ezivunyelwe ukulusebenzisa; akukafakazelwa ukuthi uphawu lusasebenza yini manje.
- Qinisekisa ukuthi umkhiqizi ungowase-Changshan.
- Iqabunga lincane, liqinile, liqondile, luhlaza okotshani, linoboya obumhlophe; utshala buluhlaza okotshani obuthambile futhi bukhanyayo.
- Uboya obumhlophe, ngokwencazelo, buvezwa ukuqedwa ngesandla, okwenziwa kuphela ezinhlotsheni eziphakathi neziphezulu.
12. Amaqiniso athakazelisayo
- Umnikazi wophawu yi-Changshan County “Changshan Yinhao” Famous Tea Association (常山县常山银毫名茶协会): inhlangano iqanjwe ngetiye elilodwa.
- Ekhasini elifanayo lika-2017 igama libhalwa izikhathi eziningana ngendlela ehlukile, “常山银豪”, nge-hanzi ehlukile ye-”hao”.
- Kusukela esicelweni kuya ekubhalisweni kophawu kwadlula cishe iminyaka emithathu.
13. Ukuqhathaniswa namanye amatiye esifunda sase-Quzhou
- I-Kaihua Long Ding (开化龙顶): Itiye eliluhlaza lesifunda esingumakhelwane i-Kaihua kuleso sifunda, nalo liyimibudango eqondile emincane enoboya obumhlophe.
- I-Jiangshan Lü Mudan (江山绿牡丹): Itiye eliluhlaza lesifunda sase-Jiangshan kuleso sifunda, eligoqwe “njengamacembe embali”.
- I-Tonglu Xueshui Yunlü Cha (桐庐雪水云绿茶): Itiye elifana nenalithi elivela emibudangweni eyodwa yesifunda sase-Tonglu e-Hangzhou; i-Changshan Yinhao isebenzisa umbudango oneqabunga.
Ekuphetheni:
I-Changshan Yinhao itiye eliluhlaza lasentshonalanga ye-Zhejiang elinoboya besiliva egameni: izintambo ezincane, eziqinile, eziqondile eziluhlaza okotshani ezinoboya obumhlophe, utshala obuluhlaza obukhanyayo, ukunambitheka okusha nokuthambile. Ubuchwepheshe bayo buchazwe ngokuningiliziwe okungajwayelekile, kusukela ekujuleni kongqimba ekwandlalweni kuya ekuthathweni ngentende yesandla ekuqedweni kwesandla, kanti imiklomelo isukela ku-1991. Usuku lokudalwa, izinhlobo zezihlahla nokuphakama kwezingadi akukho emithonjeni etholakele.
Imithombo
Inkomba yendawo
Uhlu oluphelele — ekhasini elithi Imithombo