Yāshān ruìcǎokuí

Yāshān Ruìcǎokuí (Yāshān ruìcǎokuí, 鸦山瑞草魁) yitiye lasendulo laseLangxi County (郎溪县) esifundeni saseXuancheng eningizimu-mpumalanga yesifundazwe sase-Anhui. Igama liyindumiso, lisuka embhalweni wezincwadi: 瑞草 kusho “utshani obuhle”, igama elidala letiye, 魁 kusho “owokuqala”; 鸦山 yintaba iCrow Mountain esigodini saseYaocun. Elinye igama lithi «横纹», “imithambo enqamulayo”, ngenxa yemithambo yeqabunga lohlobo lwendawo. Itiye labuyiselwa ngo-1985–1986, kusukela ngo-2025 selingumkhiqizo onesibonakaliso sendawo.

1. Ukuhlukaniswa kanye nemvelaphi

Uhlobo: Itiye eliluhlaza (绿茶, lǜchá). Isigaba sibekwe ngokombhalo wokuvikela weNational Intellectual Property Administration (CNIPA): ukubola, ukumiswa, ukuqondiswa nokubunjwa nokomiswa (摊青、杀青、理条做形、烘焙), ngaphandle kokuvutshelwa nokuxutshwa komoya. Umbhalo ngokwawo ubiza leli tiye ngokuthi «绿茶珍品» — igugu letiye eliluhlaza.
Isigaba: Itiye lasendulo, elabuyiselwa ngawo-1980; umkhiqizo onesibonakaliso sendawo (CNIPA, 2025). Alikho igama elisohlwini lwezolimo lwesibonakaliso sendawo.
Imvelaphi: IChina, isifundazwe sase-Anhui (安徽, Ānhuī), idolobha laseXuancheng (宣城, Xuānchéng), isifunda saseLangxi (郎溪, Lángxī). Umnyombo womlando yintaba iYashan esigodini saseYaocun (姚村); endulo lezi zindawo zazingaphansi kwesifunda saseJianping (建平县) — igama lakudala laseLangxi.
Indawo yokuvikela: Izindawo eziyisikhombisa zesifunda — iYaocun, iFeili, iLingda, iShizi, iBiqiao, iNanfeng neTaocheng.
Izixhumanisi zendawo: 119°3′50″–119°20′49″ E, 30°4′47″–31°15′41″ N — ngokwesimemezelo se-CNIPA. Ububanzi be-latitude obungaphezu kwedigri elilodwa bukhulu ngokungavamile ezindaweni eziyisikhombisa; kungenzeka ukuthi kukhona iphutha lokubhala, akukho ndlela yokulihlola.

2. Umlando nokubaluleka kwamasiko

Umlando:
- Umugqa kaDu Mu. Izincwadi zendawo ziqala umlando ngomugqa wembongi yaseTang uDu Mu (杜牧) «山实东吴秀，茶称瑞草魁» — “izintaba lapha ziwubuhle baseMpumalanga Wu, kanti itiye libizwa ngokuthi owokuqala phakathi kotshani obuhle”. Iqoqo lezinkondlo zakudala linikeza le nkondlo isihloko esithi «题茶山（在宜兴）» — “Umbhalo eNtabeni Yetiye (eYixing)”: izinkondlo eziphathelene nentaba yetiye yaseYixing, kanti elithi «瑞草魁» kuzo liyigama lokudumisa itiye. Igama laseYashan linamathiselwe yizincwadi zakamuva.
- I-Ming. Ngokwephephandaba i-Xuancheng Ribao (2024), umbhalo wakwaMing othi «Qunfang Pu» (《群芳谱》) kaWang Xiangjin (王象晋) ubhala ngentaba i丫山 enetiye elingcono kakhulu emthambekeni onelanga waseYangpo (阳坡): abathandi betiye basemzini baqamba leli tiye ngokuthi «鸦山阳城横纹», elinye igama lalo kuthiwa «瑞草魁». Leli phephandaba lihlonza i丫山 neYashan yasesigodini saseYaocun.
- Intela. Ngokwalelo phephandaba, umbhalo wesifunda saseJianping wenkathi yeJiajing (嘉靖) ubhala ukuthi intela yendawo yayihlanganisa amakhilogremu angama-25 etiye lamahlumela.
- I-Qing. Incwadi ye-Xinhua Silk Road icaphuna umbhalo wesifunda saseXuancheng wenkathi yeQing: ngaphansi kwentaba yaseYangpo kudala kwakukhula itiye elihle elibizwa ngokuthi «瑞草魁», ngenye indlela elithi «横纹».
- Ukubuyiselwa. Ngokombiko weCentral Radio (央广网, 2025), ngo-1979 imboni yetiye yendawo yayingalikhiqizi leli tiye — lalaziwa kuphela ngezindaba zabadala. Ngo-1985 iSouth Anhui Agricultural College (皖南农学院) kanye neminyango yesifunda basungula ithimba lokulibuyisela, kwathi ngoJulayi 1986 itiye elibuyiselwe laphumelela ekuhlolweni kochwepheshe.
- 2000 no-2010. Ngokwencwadi ye-Xinhua Silk Road — ukuqashelwa yiChina National Tea Museum (2000) kanye negolide emqhudelwaneni waseShanghai we-China Famous Tea (2010). Amagama akhe athi “umkhiqizo onesibonakaliso sendawo” ngo-2011 isimemezelo sango-2025 kanye nerejista akuwaqinisekisi.
- 2017. Ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza bufakwe ohlwini lwesihlanu lwamagugu angaphatheki esifundazweni sase-Anhui njengelithi «绿茶制作技艺（瑞草魁）».
- 2025. I-CNIPA ngesimemezelo esingu-Nombolo 632 yaqashela i-Yashan Ruicaokuí njengomkhiqizo onesibonakaliso sendawo; isifunda besilungiselela isicelo kusukela ngo-2024 (Xinhua, 18 Juni 2025).
Igama: 鸦山 — “iNtaba Yamagwababa”; 瑞草 — “utshani obuhle”, igama letiye lezincwadi; 魁 — “owokuqala”. Amanye amagama — 鸦山横纹茶, 鸦山茶 kanye ne鸦山岩茶.
Ukubaluleka kwamasiko: Idolobhana iMiaoquan (妙泉村) ngo-2017 lafakwa ohambeni ngaleli tiye ohlwini lukazwelonke lwamadolobhana ayisibonelo “idolobhana elilodwa — umkhiqizo owodwa”.

3. Incazelo yezitshalo kanye nezinto zokusetshenziswa

Uhlobo / Icaltivar: Ngokombhalo wokuvikela — uhlobo lwendawo oluthi «鸦山横纹茶种» (Yāshān héngwén cházhǒng), ezinye izinhlobo zendawo nama-clones akhethwe kuzo. Ngokombiko womsakazo, eqabungeni i-engeli phakathi kwemithambo emikhulu neseceleni inkulu kunokuvamile, iphethini ibukeka inqamulayo — yingakho kuthiwa «横纹».
Ukusabalalisa: Ngama-cuttings anehlumela le-axillary, elisikwe endaweni yokukhiqiza.
Ukuvuna: Ngokombhalo — kusukela ekuqaleni kuka-Ephreli kuze kube maphakathi noMeyi, ngesandla, “ngokuphakamisa isandla” (提手采, tíshǒucǎi). Ngokomsakazo — kusukela eQingming kuya eGuyu; ebangeni lokuqala — ihlumela elineqabunga elilodwa, ihlumela lide kuneqabunga.

4. I-Terroir kanye nezici zokutshala

Isifunda: Iningizimu-mpumalanga ye-Anhui. I-Yaocun, ngokwencwadi ye-Xinhua Silk Road, iyindawo eseningizimu impela futhi okuyiyona kuphela enezintaba esifundeni.
Ukuphakama kokutshala: 20–300 m — ngokombhalo wokuvikela.
Inhlabathi: Isihlabathi, ubukhulu obungaphezu kuka-100 cm, i-pH 5.0–6.5.
Isimo sezulu: Ayikho imininingwane emithonjeni etholakele.

5. Ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza

Umbhalo wokuvikela uchaza izigaba ezine.

Ukubola (摊青, tānqīng): Egumbini elipholile nelinomoya, ungqimba olungekho ngaphezu kuka-3 cm, cishe amahora ama-4, nokuphendulwa kalula njalo ngemizuzu engama-30 — kuze kube yilapho iqabunga selilahlekelwe ukucwebezela kwe-wax futhi selithambile.
Ukumiswa (杀青, shāqīng): Ibhodwe elingaba ngu-120 °C, ngo-0.25 kg wamaqabunga; iqabunga liyaphonswa futhi linyakaziswe, ngaphandle kokulicindezela, uma kungenjalo lizofiphala. Ukulungela — iqabunga liluhlaza okotshani ngaphandle kokucwebezela, iphunga lotshani selinyamalele, isiqu esincane siyagoba, singaphuli. Ibanga lokuqala liya ngqo ekomisweni, elesibili nelesithathu — ekuqondisweni.
Ukuqondisa nokubumba (理条做形, lǐtiáo zuòxíng): Ibhodwe elingu-70–80 °C; cishe imizuzu emi-2 iqabunga liyanyakaziswa kuze kube umswakama ocishe ube ngu-40%, bese kushintshaniswa ukuqondisa, ukugoqwa ngezandla nokunyakazisa, kugcinwa itiye liqondile futhi licishe libe yisicaba. Lapho umswakama ucishe ube ngu-25% itiye liyakhishwa.
Ukomiswa (烘焙, hōngbèi): Elokuqala — kumakhamba amane okomisa ngokwehlisa izinga lokushisa 90→80→70→60 °C, imizuzu emi-3–4 ngalinye, kuze kube yilapho itiye seliqala ukuhlaba isandla; bese kukhethwa okonakele. Elesibili — elihamba kancane, cishe ngu-60 °C, kuze kome ngokuphelele.

6. Izici ze-Organoleptic

Ngokombhalo wokuvikela.

Ukubukeka kweqabunga elomile: Liqondile, linoboya obubonakalayo, lilingana, “lifana nenkemba eluhlaza” (形似绿剑), liluhlaza othambile ngokukhanya kwe-jade (嫩绿透翠).
Iphunga leqabunga elomile: Ayikho incazelo ehlukile emithonjeni etholakele.
Iphunga lotshwala: Lihlanzekile, liphakeme futhi lihlala isikhathi eside (清香高持久).
Ukunambitheka: Kusha, kuthambile, kuvuselelayo, ngokubuya okumnandi (鲜醇爽回甘).
Umbala wotshwala: Uluhlaza othambile, ocacile futhi okhanyayo (嫩绿清澈明亮).
Isizinda setiye (iqabunga eliphekiwe): Liphuzi othambile futhi likhanyayo (嫩黄明亮).

Umbhalo wengeza ukuthi utshwala buqala ukufiphala kuphela ekutheleleni kwesithupha (第6次始淡). Ngokomsakazo, engilazini amacembe etiye ame aqondile, “njengama-orchid avulekile”.

Umbhalo uhlukanisa amabanga amane — eliphezulu, elokuqala, elesibili nelesithathu. Kusukela kweliphezulu kuye kwelesibili uboya obubonakalayo buba obufihlekile (kwelesithathu akukhulunywa ngabo); kusukela kweliphezulu kuye kwelesithathu iphunga lisuka kokuphezulu nokuhlala isikhathi eside liya kokulinganiselwe, utshwala nesizinda kusuka kokuluhlaza othambile nokuphuzi othambile kuya kokuluhlaza okuphuzi, kanti ukunambitheka kusuka kokusha ngokubuya okumnandi kuya kokuminyene.

7. Ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali

Inkomba	Inani embhalweni wokuvikela
Ama-polyphenols etiye	18.6% nangaphezulu
I-caffeine	3.9% nangaphezulu
Ama-amino acid	3.9% nangaphezulu
Umswakama	akukho ngaphezu kuka-6.0%
Uthuli	alukho ngaphezu kuka-0.5%
Umlotha ophelele	awukho ngaphezu kuka-6.5%
Ukukhishwa kwamanzi	akukho ngaphezu kuka-35.0%

Umbhalo ubuye ukhulume ngamavithamini A, B1, B2 no-C, ngaphandle kwezinombolo. Ukukhishwa kwamanzi kuwo kunqunyelwe phezulu; ngokuvamile le nkomba ibekwa njengomkhawulo ophansi, kodwa embhalweni kubhalwe kanjalo.

8. Ukuhlunga

Umkhuba wesigaba setiye eliluhlaza.

Izinga lokushisa lamanzi: 80–85 °C.
Inani letiye: 3 g ku-150 ml.
Izitsha: Ingilazi yengilazi noma i-gaiwan emhlophe.
Inqubo:
1. Fudumeza izitsha.
2. Faka itiye bese uthela amanzi ngasodongeni.
3. Ukuhlunga kokuqala — emva kwemizuzwana engama-40–60.
4. Phuza, ushiya ingxenye yotshwala.
5. Thela amanzi futhi.
6. Ukuthelela okuphindaphindiwe — ngokombhalo, kuze kufike kokuhlanu noma kuyisithupha.

9. Ukugcinwa

Umkhuba wesigaba. Ukupakishwa okuvalekile, isiqandisi ku-0–5 °C, ngaphandle kokukhanya, umswakama namaphunga. Kungcono ukuphuzwa phakathi nonyaka.

10. Intengo kanye nokukhwabanisa

Ayikho imininingwane ngentengo emithonjeni etholakele.

Ungakugwema kanjani ukukhwabanisa:
- Funa uphawu olukhethekile lomkhiqizo onesibonakaliso sendawo oluthi «鸦山瑞草魁».
- Qinisekisa ukuthi umkhiqizi ungowezindawo eziyisikhombisa zesifunda saseLangxi.
- Iqabunga — liqondile, licishe libe yisicaba, linoboya; utshwala — buluhlaza othambile futhi bucacile; isizinda — siphuzi othambile.

11. Amaqiniso athakazelisayo

Ngokwenganekwane evela ezinkondlweni zikaWang Zhongyi (王仲仪), ezicashunwe iphephandaba, igama lentaba lanikezwa amagwababa ayesakaza imbewu yetiye: «鸦衔茶子生，遂同山名鸦».
Umbhalo uvumela izingadi ekuphakameni okusuka ku-20 m.

12. Ukuqhathaniswa namanye amatiye aluhlaza

Yangxian Xue Ya (阳羡雪芽): Itiye laseYixing, intaba yalo, ngokwesihloko, izinkondlo zikaDu Mu ziphathelene nayo.
Jingting Lü Xue (敬亭绿雪): Itiye lasendulo lesifunda saseXuancheng, nalo elabuyiselwa ekhulwini lama-20.
Huanghua Yunjian (黄花云尖): Itiye eliluhlaza eliqondile neliyisicaba laseNingguo kusukela kuleso simemezelo esingu-Nombolo 632.
Guangde Huangjin Ya (广德黄金芽): Itiye eliluhlaza laseGuangde kuleso sifunda, elivela ezinhlotsheni ezinamaqabunga aphuzi.

Ekuphetheni:

I-Yashan Ruicaokuí itiye eliluhlaza laseLangxi eliqondile, elifana nenkemba eluhlaza, elinephunga elihlanzekile neliphezulu nokubuya okumnandi. Okwedlule lisekelwe ezingcaphunweni zezincwadi, ezingezona zonke eziphathelene nalo, okwamanje — ekubuyiselweni kwawo-1980 kanye nombhalo wokuvikela wango-2025.

Imithombo

Inkomba yendawo

CNIPA 地理标志产品认定 №632

Uhlu oluphelele — ekhasini elithi Imithombo