Dōngjiānghú chá

I-Dongjianghu Cha (Dōngjiānghú chá, 东江湖茶) — “itiye lasechibini i-Dongjianghu”, itiye eliluhlaza lasedolobheni lase-Zixing (资兴市) lesifunda sasedolobheni i-Chenzhou eningizimu yesifundazwe sase-Hunan. Igama linikezwe yichibi elokwenziwa i-Dongjianghu: umthetho ka-2017 uthi amasimu kufanele atshalwe kude kungabi ngaphezu kwama-30 km ukusuka ebusweni bawo bamanzi. Izidingo zokuvikelwa zibiza umkhiqizo ngokuqondile — “东江湖绿茶”, “itiye eliluhlaza lase-Dongjianghu” — futhi zifingqa ikhwalithi yawo ngamagama amathathu: 色绿、味厚、香雅 — umbala oluhlaza, ukunambitheka okuminyene, iphunga elimnandi. Kusukela ngo-2017 igama livikelwe njengesibonakaliso sendawo sezolimo, futhi kusukela ngo-2025 — njengomkhiqizo onesibonakaliso sendawo.

1. Ukuhlukaniswa kanye Nemvelaphi

Uhlobo: Itiye eliluhlaza (绿茶, lǜchá). Isigaba siqanjwe ezidingweni zokuvikelwa ngokwazo (“东江湖绿茶”); ubuchwepheshe — obuluhlaza: ukulungisa, ukusonga, ukomisa, ngaphandle kokuvutshelwa noma uketshezi.
Isigaba: Itiye eliluhlaza lase-Hunan elisongiwe elivela ehlumeni elinamaqabunga amabili; umkhiqizo onesibonakaliso sendawo.
Imvelaphi: I-China, isifundazwe sase-Hunan (湖南, Húnán), isifunda sasedolobheni i-Chenzhou (郴州, Chēnzhōu), idolobha lase-Zixing (资兴, Zīxīng).
Indawo yokuvikelwa: Amadolobhana amathathu nezigodi zase-Zixing: i-Bailang (白廊镇), i-Chukou (滁口镇), i-Huangcao (黄草镇), i-Xingning (兴宁镇), i-Qingjiang (清江镇), i-Tangxi (汤溪镇), i-Zhoumensi (州门司镇), i-Sandu (三都镇) kanye nezigodi ezimbili zesizwe sama-Yao — i-Huilongshan (回龙山瑶族乡) ne-Bamianshan (八面山瑶族乡). Indawo yokuvikelwa ngokomthetho ka-2017 — 7000 ha, umthamo wonyaka — 3000 t.
Izixhumanisi zendawo: Cishe 25°34′–26°18′ N no-113°08′–113°44′ E ngokomthetho ka-2017; uhlu lwango-2025 lunikeza 25°33′45″–26°17′12″ N no-113°13′52″–113°44′19″ E.
Isilinganiso: Ngokwemithombo yezindaba yendawo, ngo-2016 i-Zixing yakhiqiza amathani angu-2450 etiye elomile ngenani lama-yuan ayizigidi eziyikhulu namashumi amathathu; azikho izibalo ezizimele zalezi zibalo.

2. Umlando Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko

Umlando:
- Umlando wakudala. Imininingwane eqoshiwe ngetiye lasendulo lase-Zixing — intela eya enkantolo, amagama amadala, imibhalo yomlando — ayitholakali emithonjeni etholakele.
- Ubuchwepheshe besimanje. Umthetho ka-2017 ngokwawo uthi i-Dongjianghu Cha yamanje yakhiwa ngochwepheshe be-Cha Institute of Hunan Agricultural University (湖南农业大学茶叶研究所): baqoqa izinto zomlando mayelana nokukhiqizwa kwetiye lase-Zixing futhi bakha kabusha ubuchwepheshe. Umthetho ububiza ngokuthi itiye elidumile eliyingxenye yesandla nengxenye yomshini (半手工半机械).
- 2017. Ngokumenyezelwa kwe-Ministry of Agriculture No. 2578 yangomhla ka-1 Septemba 2017, i-Dongjianghu Cha yabhaliswa njengesibonakaliso sendawo sezolimo. Umnikazi — i-Zixing Tea Association (资兴市茶叶协会). Umthetho wokulawula ikhwalithi onamathiselwe uthi ngokwawo ukuthi ngemva kokumenyezelwa uba umthetho wobuchwepheshe kahulumeni oyisibopho.
- 2025. I-State Intellectual Property Office ngokumenyezelwa No. 640 yamukela i-Dongjianghu Cha njengomkhiqizo onesibonakaliso sendawo ohlwini olujwayelekile lwamagama angu-1409; umfakisicelo — yinhlangano yamatiye efanayo.
Igama: I-Dongjianghu (东江湖) — ichibi elokwenziwa e-Zixing; “cha” (茶) — itiye. Ngokomthetho ka-2017, indawo yesibuko — 16000 ha, umthamo — 8.12 billion m³, amanzi ahlangabezana nezinga likahulumeni lamanzi okuphuza ekilasi lokuqala, futhi ichibi ngokwalo libizwa ngokuthi “i-Dongting yaseNingizimu Hunan” (湘南洞庭).
Ukubaluleka kwamasiko: Indawo ihlanganisa izigodi ezimbili zesizwe sama-Yao. Ayikho eminye imininingwane mayelana nendawo yetiye emasikweni endawo etholakala emithonjeni.

3. Incazelo Yezitshalo Nezinto Zokusetshenziswa

Izinhlobo / Ama-Cultivar: Umthetho ka-2017 unconywa izinhlobo ezinamaqabunga amancane 白毫早 (báiháozǎo), 碧香早 (bìxiāngzǎo) no-乌牛早 (wūniúzǎo) kanye nezamaqabunga aphakathi 福鼎大白 (fúdǐng dàbái), 槠叶齐 (zhūyèqí; embhalweni — 楮叶齐) no-黄金茶1号 (huángjīnchá 1). Izidingo zika-2025 zibiza 白毫早, 碧香早, 福鼎大白 no-槠叶齐 “nabanye”. Imithombo yezindaba yendawo ibiza izinhlobo eziyinhloko emasimini njenge-clonal 白毫早, 碧香早 no-福鼎大白 futhi inikeza indawo yamasimu e-Zixing — 5400 ha.
Izixuku zendawo: Ayikho imininingwane ngezihlahla ezindala zendawo kanye nesabelo sazo ezintweni zokusetshenziswa etholakala emithonjeni.
Indinganiso yokuvuna: Ukuvuna entwasahlobo, ehlobo nasekwindla ngokomgomo 嫩、匀、净、鲜 — kuthambile, kulingana, kuhlanzekile, kusha.
- Ikilasi lokuqala: ihlumela lasentwasahlobo elineqabunga elilodwa, ihlumela liphelele futhi lilingana; isiqu sishiywa ngobude obunjalo bokuthi iqabunga lingahlukani. Akuvunyelwe amahlumela anehlumela elimile (驻芽叶), amaqabunga “abhangqiwe” angenalo ihlumela (对夹叶), amahlumela anesiqongo esivulekile (开心叶) namaqabunga ansomi.
- Ikilasi lesibili: ihlumela lasentwasahlobo elinamaqabunga amabili noma ihlumela lasehlobo-ekwindla elineqabunga elilodwa; izidingo ziyafana, kodwa akukho ukwenqatshelwa kweqabunga elinsomi.
- Izindlela zokuvuna: kuhlwithwa ngokunyakazisa isandla phezulu (提手采) noma kuqashwe (折采); ukukhotha ngesandla sonke (抓采), ukuhlubula (捋采) nokuphuca ngezipikili (掐采) umthetho awukuvumeli.

4. I-Terroir Nezici Zokutshala

Isifunda: INingizimu ye-Hunan, ingxenye eseningizimu yochungechunge lwe-Luoxiao (罗霄山脉). Indawo ikakhulukazi iyintaba, impumalanga iphakeme kunentshonalanga; ngokomthetho, esifundeni kuneziqongo ezingaphezu kwama-200 ezingaphezu kwama-800 m, ukuminyana kwamahlathi — 71 %.
Ukuphakama kokutshala: 220–800 m — imithambeka nezindawo ezicashile maphakathi nomthambeka; ukuthambekela kufika ku-25°, ukusuka emanzini echibi — kungabi kude ngaphezu kwama-30 km.
Isimo sezulu: Ngokomthetho — izinga lokushisa lonyaka eliphakathi nendawo 17.7 °C, isikhathi esingenasithwathwa 347.9 izinsuku, imvula 1487.6 mm, ukukhanya kwelanga 1461.1 amahora ngonyaka. Izinkungu zasekuseni zifika ezinsukwini eziyi-118 ngonyaka, umehluko wokushisa kosuku no busuku — 8–10 °C.
Umhlabathi: Inhlabathi ebomvu nephuzi emadwaleni obumba agugulekile namatshe esihlabathi, ethambile, enomquba omningi; ungqimba lwezimpande — kusukela ku-80 cm, amanzi angaphansi komhlaba — kujule kuno-1 m. Izinkomba zomthetho: pH 4.5–6.5, izinto eziphilayo 10.5–60.6 g/kg, i-nitrogen ephelele 1.05–2.83 g/kg, i-phosphorus etholakalayo 10.5–225 mg/kg, i-potassium etholakalayo 30–328 mg/kg.

5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza

Isikimu sokucubungula sibekwe ngumthetho ka-2017:

Ukwamukelwa kweqabunga elisha ngokwezigaba (鲜叶分级进厂).
Ukuvutshelwa (摊青, tānqīng): amahora angu-6–7.
Ukulungisa (杀青, shāqīng): ku-160–180 °C.
Ukupholisa ngomoya (清风, qīngfēng): ukupholisa ngokugeleza komoya.
Ukusonga kokuqala (初揉, chūróu): imizuzu engu-6–8.
Ukomisa kokuqala (初烘, chūhōng): ku-110–120 °C.
Ukuphola (摊凉, tānliáng).
Ukusonga kabusha (复揉, fùróu): imizuzu engu-8–10.
Ukomisa kabusha (复烘, fùhōng): ku-100–110 °C.
Ukuphola.
Ukubunjwa (做形, zuòxíng): ku-60–80 °C.
Ukomisa okuphelele (足干, zúgān): cishe 100 °C.
Ukuhlunga, ukupakisha nokugcina ekamelweni elibandayo.

Umkhiqizo ngokomthetho kufanele uhlangabezane nezinga “lomkhiqizo wokudla oluhlaza” wetiye NY/T 288. Kukhona futhi izinga lesifundazwe sase-Hunan DB43/T 2805-2023 “东江湖茶有机茶生产技术规程” — imithetho yokukhiqiza itiye le-organic lase-Dongjianghu. Ngokohlu lwamazinga, lakhishwa yihhovisi lesifundazwe lokulawula imakethe ngo-9 Novemba 2023, lisebenza kusukela ngo-9 Febhuwari 2024 futhi lihlanganisa imingcele yesifunda, imvelo, ukusungulwa nokuphathwa kwamasimu e-organic, ukuguqulwa kwawo abe yi-organic, ukuvuna, ukugcinwa nokuthuthwa kwamaqabunga kanye nokulawulwa kwekhwalithi. Umbhalo ogcwele awutholakalanga.

6. Izici Ze-Organoleptic

Incazelo ngokwezidingo zokuvikelwa; emakilasini amabili yehlukile.

Ukubukeka kweqabunga elomile: Ikilasi lokuqala — ukusonga kucolekile, kuminyene, kusontekile (条索紧细卷曲), uboya obumhlophe bubonakala (白毫显露), umbala uluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka (色泽翠绿). Ikilasi lesibili — ukusonga kuminyene, kusontekile, kunoboya, umbala uluhlaza futhi ucwebezela (绿润).
Iphunga leqabunga elomile: Ayikho incazelo ehlukile etholakala emithonjeni.
Iphunga lotshwala: Ikilasi lokuqala — lihlanzekile futhi liqinile (清香持久); ikilasi lesibili — liphezulu kakhulu futhi lide (香气尚高长).
Ukunambitheka: Ikilasi lokuqala — kugcwele, kuthambile futhi kusha (滋味醇厚鲜爽); ikilasi lesibili — kuminyene futhi kusha ngokwanele (浓厚尚爽), kumelana nokuchithwa okuningi kwamanzi.
Umbala wotshwala: Ikilasi lokuqala — luhlaza okotshani futhi kukhanya (嫩绿明亮); ikilasi lesibili — kuphuzi-luhlaza futhi kukhanya (黄绿明亮).
Phansi kwetiye (iqabunga eliphekiwe): Ikilasi lokuqala — luhlaza okotshani futhi kukhanya (叶底嫩绿明亮); enekilasini lesibili ayikho incazelo.

7. Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali

Izinkomba zomthetho ngamakilasi:

Inkomba	Ikilasi lokuqala	Ikilasi lesibili
Izinto ezincibilikayo emanzini	38–47 %	36–45 %
Ama-polyphenol etiye	23–32 %	20–30 %
Ama-amino acid amahhala	2.6–4.0 %	2.0–3.5 %

Lezi yizindinganiso zomkhiqizo ovikelwe, hhayi izilinganiso zeqoqo elithile.

8. Ukuphisa

Umkhuba wesigaba setiye eliluhlaza.

Izinga lokushisa lamanzi: 80–85 °C.
Inani letiye: 3 g ku-150 ml.
Izitsha: Ingilazi yengilazi noma i-gaiwan emhlophe.
Inqubo:
1. Shisisa izitsha.
2. Faka itiye bese uthela amanzi ngasodongeni.
3. Ukuchithwa kokuqala — ngemva kwemizuzwana engu-40–60.
4. Phuza, ushiya ingxenye yotshwala.
5. Thela amanzi futhi.
6. Ukuphindwaphindwa kabili noma kathathu.

9. Ukugcina

Umkhuba wesigaba. Ephekheni elivalekile, efrijini ku-0–5 °C, ngaphandle kokukhanya, umswakama namaphunga; kungcono ukuphuza phakathi nonyaka. Umthetho ngokwawo uphetha ngokucutshungulwa ngesitoreji esibandayo (进库冷藏).

10. Intengo Nokukhwabanisa

Ayikho imininingwane ngezintengo etholakala emithonjeni.

Ungakugwema kanjani ukukhwabanisa:
- Bheka uphawu lwesibonakaliso sendawo. Ngokomthetho ka-2017 ilungelo lophawu lwesibonakaliso sezolimo linikezwa ngesicelo yi-Zixing Tea Association; ngokwezidingo zika-2025 uphawu olukhethekile lomkhiqizo onesibonakaliso sendawo lutholakala ngehhovisi lempahla yobuhlakani lase-Zixing, ngemva kokuhlolwa yihhovisi lesifundazwe nokugunyazwa yi-State Office.
- Ephekheni ngokomthetho ka-2017 kufanele kubhalwe igama lomkhiqizo, inombolo yezinga, ikilasi lekhwalithi, isisindo, usuku lokukhishwa, umkhiqizi onekheli, isikhathi nezimo zokugcina.
- Qiniseka ukuthi umkhiqizi uvela endaweni yokuvikelwa e-Zixing.

11. Amaqiniso Athakazelisayo

Umthetho ka-2017 uxhumanisa isimo sezulu nechibi: ngemva kokugcwaliswa kwalo, isikhathi esingenasithwathwa sande ngezinsuku eziyi-16, futhi izinkungu zasekuseni zanda ngo-10 %.
Ngokomthetho ofanayo, ukuvuna kwentwasahlobo e-Zixing kuqala ngezinsuku ezi-6–10 ngaphambi kwezifunda ezingomakhelwane, kanye ngezinsuku ezi-15–20 ngaphambi kwentshonalanga nasenyakatho ye-Hunan.
Ukuvuna kwenzeka izikhathi ezintathu, kodwa ikilasi lokuqala lenziwa kuphela ngamaqabunga entwasahlobo.

12. Ukuqhathanisa namanye amatiye esifunda sase-Chenzhou

I-Chenzhou Fucha (郴州福茶): Uphawu lomphakathi lwesifunda phezu kwezigaba eziningana zetiye; i-Dongjianghu Cha — igama lesifunda lesigaba esisodwa ngaphakathi kwesifunda esifanayo.
I-Linglong Lü Cha (玲珑绿茶): Itiye eliluhlaza lasesifundeni sase-Guidong sesifunda esifanayo elinokubunjwa kwamaqabunga okufana nehhuku.
I-Rucheng Bai Mao Cha (汝城白毛茶): Itiye elinoboya besifunda sase-Rucheng elivela emthonjeni wendawo wamaqabunga amakhulu — esinye isifunda sesifunda esifanayo, ezinye izinto zokusetshenziswa.

Ekuphetheni:

I-Dongjianghu Cha — itiye eliluhlaza lase-Zixing elivela emasimini aphakeme ngo-220–800 m azungeze ichibi eliyintaba, lapho izinkungu zasekuseni, ngokomthetho, zenzeka izinsuku ezingaphezu kwekhulu ngonyaka. Umthetho ka-2017 uchaza kabanzi: izinhlobo ze-clonal, izinyathelo eziyishumi nantathu zokucubungula ezinamazinga okushisa kanye namakilasi amabili — kusukela ekusongeni okucolekile okusontekile okunoboya notshwala obuluhlaza okotshani kuya ekilasini lesibili eliqinile. Ngomlando wakudala imithombo iyathula.