Píngshuǐ rìzhù chá

Pingshui Rizhu Cha (Píngshuǐ rìzhù chá, 平水日铸茶) ndi tiyi wobiriwira wa m’chigawo cha Keqiao mumzinda wa Shaoxing ndi madera oyandikana nawo, m’chigawo cha Zhejiang. Dzina lakuti 日铸 (Rizhu) linachokera m’mabuku a m’badwo wa Song: Ouyang Xiu m’zaka za zana la 11 adatcha tiyi wa Rizhu kukhala woyamba pakati pa tiyi wa masamba a Zhejiang, ndipo Lu You adasiya imodzi mwa zofotokozera zoyambirira za tiyi wosapanikizidwa, womwe ankatchedwa “wobiriwira wokazinga” (炒青) ndipo ankasakaniza ndi katsitsumana kakang’ono. Pingshui Rizhu wa masiku ano ndi tiyi wobvala ngati maluwa otsekemera ndi fungo la mtedza wa chestnut. Kuyambira 2019 ndi chizindikiro chaulimi chadziko, choyamba kwa tiyi wa Shaoxing, ndipo kuyambira 2024 pali mulingo wa mafakitale wogwira ntchito.

1. Gulu ndi Chiyambi

• Mtundu: Tiyi wobiriwira (绿茶, lǜchá), wokazinga (炒青, chǎoqīng). Muyezo wa mafakitale GH/T 1425-2023 umatchula momveka kuti ndi tiyi wobiriwira: kukonza, kupotoza, kukazinga, popanda makutidwe ndi okosijeni.
• Gulu: Tiyi wobiriwira wopotoza wobvala ngati maluwa (花蕾形); dzina lodziwika mbiri yakale ya Zhejiang.
• Chiyambi: China, chigawo cha Zhejiang (浙江, Zhèjiāng), mzinda wa Shaoxing (绍兴, Shàoxīng), chigawo cha Keqiao (柯桥区) ndi mbali ya chigawo cha Yuecheng (越城区).
• Dera lotetezedwa: Matauni asanu ndi atatu a chigawo cha Keqiao — Yangxunqiao, Xialu, Lizhu, Lanting, Fuquan, Pingshui, Jidong ndi Wantan — ndi khwalala la mzinda (街道) la Hutong, okwana midzi 93 yoyang’anira; kuphatikiza midzi 12 ya tauni ya Fusheng m’chigawo cha Yuecheng ndi famu ya tiyi ya mzinda wa Shaoxing (绍兴市茶场).
• Ma coordinates a geographical: 29°42′13″–30°08′16″ kumpoto, 120°17′45″–120°43′09″ kum’mawa.

2. Mbiri ndi Tanthauzo la Chikhalidwe

• Mbiri:
  • Zaka za zana la 11. Ouyang Xiu (欧阳修) mu “Zolemba pa Kubwerera ku Minda” (归田录) analemba kuti tiyi wa masamba umakula bwino ku Zhejiang ziwiri, ndipo woyamba pakati pawo ndi wa Rizhu (日注, kalembedwe kena ka dzina lomwelo).
  • Southern Song. Mbiri ya “Jiatai Guiji zhi” (嘉泰会稽志) imafotokoza dzina: pansi pa mphambano panali nyumba ya amonke ya Zishou, pa dera lakum’mawa la Youche dzuwa linkakhala kuyambira m’mawa mpaka madzulo, ndipo tiyi anabadwira kumeneko wabwino kwambiri — motero “Rizhu”, “wopangidwa ndi dzuwa”.
  • Lu You. M’mawu owonjezera pa ndakatulo, wolemba ndakatulo Lu You (陆游) amalemba kuti tiyi wa Rizhu ndi tiyi wa dziko la Yue: samapanikizidwa ngati miphika kapena makeke, amatchedwa “wobiriwira wokazinga” (炒青) ndi “chikhadabo cha mphamba wotuwa” (苍鹰爪) ndipo amasakaniza ndi katsitsumana kakang’ono.
  • Song ndi pambuyo pake. Atolankhani am’deralo amatcha Rizhu “tiyi wa msonkho wazaka chikwi” ndi “kholo la tiyi wobiriwira wokazinga wa China”; maziko a mawu achiwiri ndi makamaka mawu owonjezera a Lu You omwe atchulidwa pamwambapa.
  • 2019. Pa 17 Januware 2019 Unduna wa Zaulimi udalembetsa chizindikiro chaulimi chadziko “平水日铸茶”, nambala AGI02540. Malinga ndi malipoti a kalembera, ichi ndi chizindikiro chachinayi chaulimi chadziko cha Shaoxing ndipo choyamba kwa tiyi.
  • 2023. Federation ya All-China ya Supply and Marketing Cooperatives idasindikiza muyezo wa mafakitale GH/T 1425-2023 “平水日铸茶”; ukugwira ntchito kuyambira 1 Marichi 2024.
  • 2025. State Intellectual Property Office (CNIPA) idazindikira kuti ndi malonda okhala ndi chizindikiro chadziko ndi chilengezo No. 640.
• Dzina: “Pingshui” (平水) ndi tauni m’dera lotetezedwa. “Rizhu” (日铸) ndi mphambano ya Rizhu, “wopangidwa ndi dzuwa”.
• Tanthauzo la chikhalidwe: Dera lili ndi Lanting (兰亭) — malo a Orchid Pavilion, kumene Wang Xizhi analemba mawu oyamba otchuka. Dera la tiyi ndi chipilala cha calligraphy zimagwirizana mdera.

3. Kufotokozera kwa Botanical ndi Zopangira

• Mitundu / Cultivars: Muyezo wa mafakitale umatchula 龙井43 (Lóngjǐng 43), anthu am’deralo, 平水日铸茶1号 ndi 平水日铸茶2号, 中茶108 (Zhōngchá 108) ndi mitundu ina yoyenera.
• Muyezo wa kuthyola: Palibe deta mu magwero omwe apezeka.
• Nthawi yothyola: Palibe nthawi mu magwero omwe apezeka; mwambo woyamba wothyola wa 2021 unachitika pa 15 Marichi.

4. Terroir ndi Makhalidwe a Kulima

• Dera: Mapiri a Guijishan (会稽山) kum’mwera chakum’mawa kwa Shaoxing.
• Dera malinga ndi muyezo: Chigawo cha Keqiao cha mzinda wa Shaoxing ndi tauni ya Fusheng ya chigawo cha Yuecheng.
• Kutalika: Palibe deta mu magwero omwe apezeka.
• Dothi: Palibe deta mu magwero omwe apezeka.
• Kukula: Malinga ndi malipoti a kalembera a 2019, minda m’derali ndi 4533.3 ha, ndipo zokolola ndi 6480 t.

5. Ukadaulo wa Kupanga

Muyezo wa mafakitale GH/T 1425-2023 umatchula magwiridwe awa:

1. Kufowoketsa zopangira (摊青, tānqīng).
2. Kukonza (杀青, shāqīng).
3. Kupotoza (揉捻, róuniǎn).
4. Kuyanika kachiwiri (二青, èrqīng).
5. Kukazinga koyamba (初炒, chūchǎo).
6. Kukazinga kawiri (复炒, fùchǎo).
7. Kukonza fungo (提香, tíxiāng).

Muyezowo supereka kutentha kapena nthawi ya magwiridwe, ndipo mulibe mu magwero omwe apezeka.

6. Makhalidwe a Organoleptic

Kufotokozera kumene kuli pansipa kwachokera ku zofunika za chizindikiro chadziko m’mawu ofotokozera; pambuyo pa mndandanda pali mfundo za muyezo wa mafakitale.

• Maonekedwe a masamba owuma: Wopotoza ngati maluwa (卷曲呈花蕾状), wobiriwira, wonyezimira ndi watsopano (绿润鲜活).
• Fungo la masamba owuma: Palibe kufotokozera mu magwero omwe apezeka.
• Fungo la madzi a tiyi: La mtedza wa chestnut, lolimba ndi lokhalitsa (栗香馥郁持久).
• Kukoma: Kokwanira, ndi kubwerera kokoma (醇厚回甘).
• Mtundu wa madzi a tiyi: Wobiriwira ndi wowala (绿明亮).
• Masamba otaya (masamba ophikidwa): Ofewa, ofanana, amatseguka ngati “maluwa”, obiriwira mofanana ndi onyezimira (嫩匀成朵，匀齐绿亮).

Muyezo wa mafakitale umagawa tiyi m’magulu atatu ndi mayina awoawo: wapamwamba kwambiri — «鹰爪» («chikhadabo cha mphamba»), woyamba — «贡熙», wachiwiri — «赤堇». Kwa gulu lapamwamba kwambiri likufuna: masamba opotoza ngati maluwa, oyera, obiriwira bwino ndi onyezimira (盘花卷曲呈花蕾形，匀净，嫩绿鲜润); madzi a tiyi obiriwira bwino ndi owala (嫩绿明亮); fungo la mtedza wa chestnut, lolimba ndi lokhalitsa (栗香馥郁持久); kukoma kwatsopano, kofewa, kokoma ndi kosangalatsa (鲜醇甘爽); masamba otaya ofewa, osalala, otseguka ngati “maluwa”, obiriwira bwino ndi owala (细嫩成朵，嫩绿明亮). Muyezo umafupikitsa mikhalidwe yopambana m’zinthu zitatu: mawonekedwe a maluwa, fungo la mtedza wa chestnut, kukoma kwatsopano kosangalatsa (花蕾形、板栗香、鲜爽味).

7. Kapangidwe ka Chemical

Zofunika za muyezo wa mafakitale GH/T 1425-2023:

• Chinyezi: osapitirira 6.0 g pa 100 g.
• Phulusa lonse (m’malo mwa chinthu chouma): osapitirira 6.5 g pa 100 g.
• Zinthu zosungunuka m’madzi: osachepera 36.0%.

Palibe deta za catechins, amino acid ndi caffeine mu magwero omwe apezeka.

8. Kusakaniza

Mchitidwe wa gulu la tiyi wobiriwira.

• Kutentha kwa madzi: 80–90 °C; masamba opotoza amatseguka pang’onopang’ono kuposa owongoka.
• Kuchuluka kwa tiyi: 3 g pa 150 ml.
• Chida: Gaiwan yoyera kapena galasi lagalasi.
• Njira:
  1. Tenthetsa chida.
  2. Ikani tiyi ndikutsanulira madzi.
  3. Madzi oyamba — masekondi 60–90.
  4. Tsanulani kapena mumwe, kusiya gawo limodzi mwa atatu la madzi.
  5. Onjezerani madzi.
  6. Katatu kapena kanayi kubweza ndi kuwonjezera pang’ono nthawi.

9. Kusunga

Mchitidwe wa gulu. Mu paketi yosawona yotsekedwa, mufiriji pa 0–5 °C, popanda chinyezi, kuwala ndi fungo. Mumwe mkati mwa chaka chimodzi.

10. Mtengo ndi Zonamizira

Malinga ndi malipoti a atolankhani a mwambo woyamba wothala wa 2021, mtengo wa gulu lapamwamba kwambiri «鹰爪» («chikhadabo cha mphamba») udakwezedwa kufika 10,000 yuan pa kilogalamu. Palibe mitengo ina mu magwero omwe apezeka.

• Momwe mungapewere zonamizira:
  • Musasokoneze ndi Pingshui Zhu Cha (平水珠茶): mawu akuti «Pingshui» ali m’maina onse awiri, koma izi ndi zinthu zosiyana.
  • Fufuzani chizindikiro chadziko cha «平水日铸茶» ndi wopanga wochokera m’derali.
  • Masamba owuma — obiriwira opotoza ngati maluwa, osati kachulukidwe kakang’ono.
  • Fungo la madzi a tiyi — la mtedza wa chestnut; madzi a tiyi — obiriwira ndi owala.

11. Mfundo Zosangalatsa

• Mawu owonjezera a Lu You amatcha tiyi wa Rizhu “chikhadabo cha mphamba wotuwa” — ndipo gulu lapamwamba kwambiri la tiyi wamakono limagulitsidwa pansi pa dzina lakuti “chikhadabo cha mphamba” (鹰爪).
• Ouyang Xiu amalemba dzina ngati 日注, mbiri ndi chizindikiro chamakono — ngati 日铸.
• Dera lotetezedwa lili ndi Orchid Pavilion ya Wang Xizhi.
• Pingshui Rizhu ndi tiyi woyamba wa Shaoxing wokhala ndi chizindikiro chaulimi chadziko.

12. Kufanizira ndi tiyi wa Shaoxing

• Pingshui Zhu Cha (平水珠茶): Tiyi wobiriwira wotumizidwa kunja, wopotoza m’mipira yolimba; dera lomwelo ndi mawu omwewo «Pingshui», koma malonda ena ndi mawonekedwe ena.
• Shengzhou Hui Bai (嵊州辉白): Tiyi wobiriwira wozungulira wa Shengzhou, tiyi wina wakale wa ku Shaoxing.
• Yuexiang Long Jing (越乡龙井): Tiyi wa lunjing wosalala wa Shengzhou, mtundu waukulu kwambiri wa lunjing wachigawo; mawonekedwe ake ndi osiyana ndi maluwa opotoza a Rizhu.

Pomaliza:

Pingshui Rizhu Cha ndi dzina lakale lokhala ndi chizindikiro chatsopano: olemba a m’badwo wa Song anayika tiyi wa Rizhu woyamba ku Zhejiang, ndipo Lu You adaufotokoza ngati tiyi wosapanikizidwa wokazinga, womwe amasakaniza ndi katsitsumana kakang’ono. Lero ndi maluwa obiriwira okhala ndi fungo la mtedza wa chestnut, madzi obiriwira owala ndi kubwerera kokoma kuchokera kumapiri a Guijishan. Ndikosavuta kusokoneza ndi “powder” ya Pingshui, koma mawonekedwe ndi mbiri zawo ndizosiyana.

Magwero

Miyezo

• GH/T 1425-2023

Chizindikiro cha malo

• CNIPA 地理标志产品认定 №640

Mndandanda wonse — patsamba la Magwero