Píngshuǐ rìzhù chá

I-Pingshui Rizhu Cha (Píngshuǐ rìzhù chá, 平水日铸茶) itiye eliluhlaza lasesifundeni saseKeqiao edolobheni laseShaoxing nasezindaweni ezingomakhelwane, esifundazweni saseZhejiang. Igama elithi 日铸 (Rizhu) lavela emibhalweni yohlanga lwakwaSong: u-Ouyang Xiu ngekhulu le-11 wabiza itiye laseRizhu ngokuthi ngelokuqala phakathi kwamatiye amaqabunga aseZhejiang, kanti u-Lu You washiya enye yezincazelo zakuqala zetiye elingacindezelwanga, ababelibiza ngo “luhlaza othosiwe” (炒青) futhi beliphuza ngentwana encane. I-Pingshui Rizhu yanamuhla itiye elinesimo semifumbu esigoqiwe enephunga le-castnut. Kusukela ngo-2019, leli yigama lezolimo eliqoshwe ngokwezindawo, elokuqala etiyeni laseShaoxing, futhi kusukela ngo-2024 kusebenza izinga lemboni.

1. Ukwahlukaniswa kanye Nemvelaphi

Uhlobo: Itiye eliluhlaza (绿茶, lǜchá), elithosiwe (炒青, chǎoqīng). Izinga lemboni i-GH/T 1425-2023 lilibiza ngqo ngetiye eliluhlaza: ukumiswa, ukusonteka, ukuthoswa, ngaphandle kwe-oxidation.
Isigaba: Itiye eliluhlaza elisontiwe ngesimo somfumbu (花蕾形); igama lasendulo elidume eZhejiang.
Imvelaphi: I-China, isifundazwe saseZhejiang (浙江, Zhèjiāng), idolobha laseShaoxing (绍兴, Shàoxīng), isifunda saseKeqiao (柯桥区) kanye nengxenye yesifunda saseYuecheng (越城区).
Indawo evikelwe: Amadolobhana ayisishiyagalombili esifunda saseKeqiao — i-Yanxunqiao, i-Xialü, i-Lizhu, i-Lanting, i-Fuquan, i-Pingshui, i-Jidong ne-Wangtan — kanye nesigodi sasedolobheni (街道) i-Hutan, sehlangene amadolobhana okuphatha angu-93; kungezwe amadolobhana angu-12 edolobhaneni laseFusheng esifundeni saseYuecheng kanye nebhizinisi letiye laseShaoxing (绍兴市茶场).
Ukuxhumeka kwezindawo: 29°42′13″–30°08′16″ N, 120°17′45″–120°43′09″ E.

2. Umlando Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko

Umlando:
- Ikhulu le-11. U-Ouyang Xiu (欧阳修) ku- “Guī tián lù” (归田录) wabhala ukuthi itiye lamaqabunga liyachuma eZhejiang emibili, futhi elokuqala phakathi kwalo yilelo laseRizhu (日注, esinye isipelingi segama elifanayo).
- I-Southern Song. Ikhronike “Jiatai Kuaiji zhi” (嘉泰会稽志) ichaza igama: ngaphansi kwehlane kwakumi isigodlo sezindela i-Zishou, onqenqemeni olubheke emini lwaseYuche ilanga lalihlala kusukela ekuseni kuze kube kusihlwa, futhi itiye lazala lapho like elihle kakhulu — kungakho igama elithi “Rizhu”, “elibunjwe yilanga”.
- U-Lu You. Emanothini ezinkondlo, imbongi u-Lu You (陆游) ubhala ukuthi itiye laseRizhu itiye lezwe laseYue: alicindezelwa noma ngamagaqa noma ngamaqebelengwane, libizwa ngo “luhlaza othosiwe” (炒青) futhi ngo “uzipho lwesikhova esiluhlaza” (苍鹰爪) futhi liphuzwa ngentwana encane.
- I-Song kanye nakamuva. Imithombo yezindaba yendawo ibiza i-Rizhu “itiye lentela leminyaka eyinkulungwane” kanye “nomsunguli wetiye eliluhlaza elithosiwe lase-China”; isisekelo sesimemezelo sesibili ngokuyinhloko inothi lika-Lu You elishiwo ngenhla.
- 2019. NgoJanuwari 17, 2019, uMnyango Wezolimo wabhalisa igama lezolimo eliqoshwe ngokwezindawo “平水日铸茶”, inombolo AGI02540. Ngokwemibiko yokubhaliswa, lesi isiqinisekiso sesine sezolimo sendawo yaseShaoxing nesokuqala etiyeni.
- 2023. I-All-China Federation of Supply and Marketing Cooperatives yashicilela izinga lemboni GH/T 1425-2023 “平水日铸茶”; lisebenza kusukela ngomhla ka-1 Mashi 2024.
- 2025. I-State Intellectual Property Office (CNIPA) yalimukela njengomkhiqizo onegama lezindawo ngesaziso № 640.
Igama: “Pingshui” (平水) yidolobhana elisendaweni evikelwe. “Rizhu” (日铸) yihlane laseRizhu, “elibunjwe yilanga”.
Ukubaluleka kwamasiko: Indawo ihlanganisa i-Lanting (兰亭) — indawo ye-Orchid Pavilion, lapho u-Wang Xizhi wabhala khona isandulelo esidumile. Indawo yetiye kanye nesikhumbuzo se-calligraphy kuhlangana ngokwendawo.

3. Incazelo Ye-Botanical Nezinto Zokusetshenziswa

Izinhlobo / Izinhlobo: Izinga lemboni lisho u-龙井43 (Lóngjǐng 43), inani lendawo, i-平水日铸茶1号 ne-平水日铸茶2号, i-中茶108 (Zhōngchá 108) nezinye izinhlobo ezifanele.
Izinga lokukha: Imininingwane ayitholakalanga emithonjeni etholakele.
Isikhathi sokukha: Azikho izinsuku emithonjeni etholakele; umcimbi wokuqala wokukha wango-2021 wenziwa ngoMashi 15.

4. I-Terroir Nezici Zokutshala

Isifunda: Izintaba zaseGuijishan (会稽山) eningizimu-mpumalanga yeShaoxing.
Indawo ngokwezinga: Isifunda saseKeqiao edolobheni laseShaoxing kanye nedolobhana laseFusheng esifundeni saseYuecheng.
Ukuphakama: Imininingwane ayitholakalanga emithonjeni etholakele.
Umhlabathi: Imininingwane ayitholakalanga emithonjeni etholakele.
Isikali: Ngokwemibiko yokubhaliswa yango-2019, amasimu endaweni angu-4533.3 ha, umkhiqizo ngu-6480 t.

5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza

Izinga lemboni elithi GH/T 1425-2023 libala le misebenzi elandelayo:

Ukuvutshelwa kwezinto (摊青, tānqīng).
Ukumiswa (杀青, shāqīng).
Ukusonteka (揉捻, róuniǎn).
Ukoma kwesibili (二青, èrqīng).
Ukuthosa kokuqala (初炒, chūchǎo).
Ukuthosa okuphindaphindiwe (复炒, fùchǎo).
Ukuthuthukisa iphunga (提香, tíxiāng).

Izinga alizinikeli izinga lokushisa nesikhathi sale misebenzi, futhi emithonjeni etholakele azikho.

6. Izimpawu Ze-Organoleptic

Incazelo engezansi ithathwe ezidingweni zegama lezindawo ekuchazweni okusemthethweni; ngemuva kohlu kukhona izinkambiso zezinga lemboni.

Ukubukeka kweqabunga elomile: Kugoqwe kube umfumbu (卷曲呈花蕾状), kuluhlaza, kumenyezela kungemanzi futhi kusha (绿润鲜活).
Iphunga leqabunga elomile: Azikho izincazelo emithonjeni etholakele.
Iphunga le-infusion: I-castnut, lijulile futhi liqhubeka (栗香馥郁持久).
Ukunambitheka: Kunothile, kunobumnandi obuyayo (醇厚回甘).
Umbala we-infusion: Uluhlaza futhi ukhanya (绿明亮).
Isisekelo setiye (iqabunga eliphuziwe): Lithambile, lilingana, livuleka “njengembali”, liluhlaza ngokulingana futhi likhanya (嫩匀成朵，匀齐绿亮).

Izinga lemboni lihlukanisa itiye ngeziqu ezintathu ezinamagama azo: eliphezulu — «鹰爪» («uzipho lwesikhova»), elokuqala — «贡熙», elesibili — «赤堇». Ngeqophelo eliphezulu lidinga: iqabunga ligoqwe libe umfumbu, lihlanzekile, liluhlaza ngobumnene futhi limenyezela kungemanzi (盘花卷曲呈花蕾形，匀净，嫩绿鲜润); i-infusion iluhlaza ngobumnene futhi ikhanya (嫩绿明亮); iphunga lingu-castnut, lijulile futhi liqhubeka (栗香馥郁持久); ukunambitheka kusha, kuthambile, kumnandi futhi kuvuselela (鲜醇甘爽); isisekelo setiye sincane, sithambile, sivuleke “njengezimbali”, siluhlaza ngobumnene futhi sikhanya (细嫩成朵，嫩绿明亮). Izimpawu ezihlukile zezinga zifinyezwa ngokuthi ezintathu: isimo somfumbu, iphunga le-castnut, ukunambitheka okusha okuvuselelayo (花蕾形、板栗香、鲜爽味).

7. Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali

Izidingo zezinga lemboni GH/T 1425-2023:

Umswakama: ungabi ngaphezu kuka-6.0 g nge-100 g.
Umlotha ophelele (ngokomzimba owomile): ungabi ngaphezu kuka-6.5 g nge-100 g.
Izinto ezincibilikayo emanzini: okungenani u-36.0 %.

Imininingwane ngama-catechin, ama-amino acid ne-caffeine ayitholakalanga emithonjeni etholakele.

8. Ukuphisa

Umkhuba wesigaba setiye eliluhlaza.

Izinga lokushisa lamanzi: 80–90 °C; iqabunga eligoqiwe livuleka kancane kunelo eliqondile.
Inani letiye: 3 g nge-150 ml.
Izitsha: I-gaiwan emhlophe noma ingilazi yegilasi.
Inqubo:
1. Ukufudumeza izitsha.
2. Faka itiye bese uthela amanzi.
3. I-infusion yokuqala — 60–90 imizuzwana.
4. Khipha noma uphuze, ushiya ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu ye-infusion.
5. Thela amanzi.
6. Ukuphindisela amanzi kathathu kuya kwane ngokwandisa kancane isikhathi.

9. Ukugcinwa

Umkhuba wesigaba. Emaphaketheni aqinile angabonisi, efrijini ngo-0–5 °C, ngaphandle komswakama, ukukhanya nephunga. Phuza phakathi nonyaka owodwa.

10. Intengo Nemikhiqizo Yokweba

Ngokombiko wezindaba womcimbi wokuqala wokukha wango-2021, intengo yohlobo oluphakeme «鹰爪» («uzipho lwesikhova») yanyuswa yaba ngu-10 000 yuan ngekhilogremu. Eminye intengo ayitholakalanga emithonjeni etholakele.

Ukwazi ukugwema imikhiqizo yokweba:
- Ungadideki ne-Pingshui Zhu Cha (平水珠茶): igama elithi “Pingshui” likhona kuwo womabili amagama, kodwa lezi yimikhiqizo ehlukene.
- Funa uphawu lwegama lezindawo “平水日铸茶” nomkhiqizi osendaweni.
- Iqabunga elomile — umfumbu oluhlaza ogoqiwe, hhayi inhlawu encane ejiyile.
- Iphunga le-infusion — li-castnut; i-infusion — iluhlaza futhi ikhanya.

11. Amaqiniso Athakazelisayo

Inothi lika-Lu You libiza itiye laseRizhu “uzipho lwesikhova esiluhlaza” — kanti uhlobo oluphakeme lwetiye lanamuhla lwenziwa ngaphansi kwegama elithi “uzipho lwesikhova” (鹰爪).
U-Ouyang Xiu ubhala igama ngokuthi 日注, ikhronike kanye nophawu lwamanje — ngokuthi 日铸.
Indawo evikelwe ihlanganisa i-Orchid Pavilion ka-Wang Xizhi.
I-Pingshui Rizhu — itiye lokuqala laseShaoxing elinegama lezolimo eliqoshwe ngokwezindawo.

12. Ukuqhathanisa namatiye aseShaoxing

I-Pingshui Zhu Cha (平水珠茶): Itiye eliluhlaza elithunyelwa kwamanye amazwe, eligoqwe libe amabhora amancane ajiyile; indawo efanayo negama elifanayo elithi “Pingshui”, umkhiqizo ohlukile nesimo esihlukile.
I-Shengzhou Hui Bai (嵊州辉白): Itiye eliluhlaza eligoqiwe eliyindilinga laseShengzhou, elinye itiye elidala laseShaoxing.
I-Yuexiang Longjing (越乡龙井): Itiye le-longjing eliyisicaba laseShengzhou, ibhrendi yesifunda enkulu kunazo zonke ye-longjing ngokomthamo; isimo siphambene nomfumbu ogoqiwe we-Rizhu.

Ekuphetheni:

I-Pingshui Rizhu Cha yigama elidala elinophawu olusha: ababhali bakwaSong babeka itiye laseRizhu kuqala eZhejiang, kanti u-Lu You walichaza ngetiye elingacindezelwanga elithosiwe, eliphuzwa ngentwana encane. Namuhla liyimbali eluhlaza enephunga le-castnut, i-infusion eluhlaza ekhanyayo nobumnandi obuyayo obuvela ezintabeni zaseGuijishan. Kulula ukulidida ne “powder” yasePingshui, kodwa isimo nomlando wazo uhlukile.

Imithombo

Amazinga

GH/T 1425-2023

Inkomba yendawo

CNIPA 地理标志产品认定 №640

Uhlu oluphelele — ekhasini elithi Imithombo