I-Guìlín Guìhuā Chá (Guìlín guìhuā chá, 桂林桂花茶) itiye elinongiwe ngezimbali ze-osmanthus, lasesifundeni sasedolobheni i-Guìlín esifundazweni esizimele sase-Guangxi Zhuang. Igama lixhumanisa umkhiqizo nendawo kabili: u-桂 (guì) usho i-osmanthus, kanti negama likaGuìlín uqobo (桂林) lisho ukuthi “ihlathi le-osmanthus”. Isisekelo setiye sigcwaliswa ngephunga lezimbali ze-osmanthus, njengasematiyeni e-jasmine; incazelo yophawu lwezolimo ibiza izisekelo ezimbili, itiye eliluhlaza nelibomvu, ngakho igama alikhawulelwe ekilasini elilodwa. Indawo evikelwe ihlanganisa sonke isifunda, izifunda zedolobha eziyisithupha kanye nezifunda eziyishumi nanye. Kusukela ngo-2014 lokhu kuwuphawu lwezindawo zezolimo, kusukela ngo-2025 kungumkhiqizo onophawu lwendawo.
1. Ukuhlukaniswa kanye Nemvelaphi
- Uhlobo: Itiye elinongiwe ngezimbali (花茶, huāchá): isisekelo setiye esigcwaliswe ngephunga le-osmanthus. Incazelo yophawu lwezolimo ibiza izinhlobo ezimbili, esisekelweni esiluhlaza nesibomvu (绿茶、红茶级型坯); esimemezelweni sango-2025 isisekelo asibizwanga. Igama lihlanganisa amakilasi amabili, ngakho indatshana itholakala phakathi kwezigaba, hhayi kufolda yekilasi elilodwa.
- Isigaba: Itiye le-osmanthus laseGuangxi; uphawu lwezindawo zezolimo (2014) kanye nomkhiqizo onophawu lwendawo (2025).
- Imvelaphi: I-China, isifundazwe esizimele sase-Guangxi Zhuang (广西壮族自治区, Guǎngxī Zhuàngzú Zìzhìqū), isifunda sedolobha i-Guìlín (桂林, Guìlín).
- Indawo evikelwe: Izifunda zedolobha eziyisithupha: i-Xiùfēng (秀峰), i-Xiàngshān (象山), i-Qīxīng (七星), i-Diécǎi (叠彩), i-Yànshān (雁山) kanye ne-Línguì (临桂), kanye nezifunda eziyishumi nanye: i-Língchuān (灵川), i-Xīng’ān (兴安), i-Quánzhōu (全州), i-Yángshuò (阳朔), i-Pínglè (平乐), i-Lìpǔ (荔浦), i-Lóngshèng (龙胜), i-Yǒngfú (永福), i-Gōngchéng (恭城), i-Zīyuán (资源) kanye ne-Guànyáng (灌阳).
- Izixhumanisi zendawo: 109°36′–111°29′ empumalanga, 24°15′–26°23′ enyakatho, okungaphezu kwamadigri amabili ngobubanzi.
2. Umlando kanye Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko
- Umlando:
- I-Osmanthus nedolobha. Igama leGuìlín lisuselwa emahlathini e-osmanthus; i-osmanthus iyimbali ewuphawu lwedolobha.
- Umlando wakuqala ngokwencazelo yophawu. Incazelo yophawu lwezolimo ithi ukwenza nokuphuza itiye le-osmanthus eGuìlín kwaqala ngesikhathi sikaTang; ngesikhathi sikaSong itiye lendawo lalisaziwa ngokuthi i-修仁茶 (xiūrén chá), ngesikhathi sikaQing laziwa ngokuthi i-六垌茶 kanye ne-龙脊茶. Imibhalo okusekelwe kuyo lokhu kubhalwa ayikho encazelweni, futhi amatiye aqanjwe lapha awazange abe ngawase-osmanthus ngempela.
- Ngawo-1970. Ngokwencazelo efanayo, itiye le-osmanthus laqala ukukhiqizwa yi-Guilin Tea Factory yaseGuangxi.
- 2014. Ngomhla ka-18 Novemba uMnyango Wezolimo ngesimemezelo № 2179 wabhalisa i-Guìlín Guìhuā Chá njengophawu lwezindawo zezolimo, inombolo AGI01551. Umnikazi wophawu angimtholanga emithonjeni etholakele.
- 2016. NgoJanuwari itiye lafakwa ohlwini lukazwelonke lwemikhiqizo yezolimo “edumile, ekhethekile, esezingeni nepisha” yonyaka wezi-2015, ngokwemininingwane eyireferensi.
- 2025. Ngesimemezelo № 640 i-State Intellectual Property Office (CNIPA) yaqaphela igama njengomkhiqizo onophawu lwendawo; kuso leso simemezelo kwakunamagama ayi-1409.
- Igama:
- “Guìlín” (桂林) lisho “ihlathi le-osmanthus”, igama ledolobha.
- “Guìhuā” (桂花, guìhuā) yizimbali ze-osmanthus.
- “Chá” (茶, chá) lisho “itiye”.
- Ukubaluleka kwamasiko: EGuìlín i-osmanthus iyingxenye yegama nobuso bedolobha, futhi itiye le-osmanthus liqhubeka nalolu xhumano. Igama lilisungula kuso sonke isifunda, hhayi endaweni eyodwa kuphela.
3. Incazelo Yezitshalo kanye Nezinto Zokusetshenziswa
- Isitshalo sokunonga: I-osmanthus enuka kamnandi (Osmanthus fragrans). Okuhamba phambili ekunongeni ngokwezincazelo yi-osmanthus yendawo esagolide, i-金桂 (jīnguì): imbali enkulu, amacembe awugqinsi, umbala osagolide ophuzi, iphunga eliminyene nelihlanzekile.
- Izimbali: Ezintsha, ezihlanzekile, ezingonakalanga nezinuka kakhulu; incazelo yophawu ivumela ne-osmanthus eyomile eyiqandisiwe (真空冷冻).
- Isisekelo setiye: Izinto ezikhethiwe zetiye eliluhlaza noma elibomvu (级型坯). Uhlobo lwesihlahla setiye alubizwanga encazelweni.
- Izikhathi: Izikhathi zokuqhakaza nokuvuna azikho emithonjeni etholakele.
4. I-Terroir kanye Nezici Zokutshala
Ngokwencazelo yophawu lwezolimo (2014):
- Isifunda: Inyakatho-mpumalanga ye-Guangxi, ingxenye eseningizimu-ntshonalanga yohlelo lwezintaba i-Nanling (南岭); indawo ejwayelekile yamatshe e-karst. Indawo evikelwe ihlanganisa idolobha i-Guìlín kanye nezifunda zezintaba enyakatho naseningizimu yalo.
- Ukuphakama: Ukuphakama okuphakathi kwesifunda cishe kungamamitha ayi-150.
- Isimo sezulu: I-subtropical monsoon, ethambile futhi enomswakama. Izinga lokushisa lonyaka eliphakathi lingu-19.3 °C, isikhathi esingenasithwathwa siyizinsuku ezingama-309, imvula ingu-1949.5 mm ngonyaka, umswakama ohlobene ungu-73–79 %, ilanga likhanya amahora ayi-1670 ngonyaka.
- Inhlabathi: Ngokuyinhloko ebomvu, evulekile futhi ejulile, i-pH 4.5–6.5.
- Amanzi: Imifula emihlanu, i-Líjiāng (漓江), i-Xiāngjiāng (湘江), i-Luòqīngjiāng (洛清江), i-Xúnjiāng (浔江) kanye ne-Zījiāng (资江).
- Isici: Incazelo yophawu ikhuluma ngezimo zezitshalo ezimbili kanyekanye, i-osmanthus nesihlahla setiye: etiyeni elinongiwe indawo ayinqumi ingadi kuphela, kodwa nembali.
5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza
Incazelo yophawu lwezolimo (2014) inikeza izindlela ezimbili, ngezimbali ezintsha nezomisiwe.
- Ngezimbali ezintsha: izimbali → isisekelo setiye → ukunonga → ukomisa → ukugcwalisa iphunga lokugcina → itiye elilungile.
- Izinto zokusetshenziswa: Izimbali ezintsha, ezingenakungcola, ezingonakalanga nangaphandle kokungcola, ezinephunga elinamandla; isisekelo yizinto ezikhethiwe zetiye eliluhlaza noma elibomvu.
- Ukunonga (窨制 — xūnzhì): Itiye nezimbali kuxutshwa ngesilinganiso esinqunyiwe bese kufakwa enqwabeni ephakeme ngamasentimitha angama-40–50 amahora ayi-10–12. Lapho inqwaba ishisa ifinyelela ku-45 °C, iyanyakaziswa futhi ipholiswe (通花、摊凉).
- Ukomisa (烘干 — hōnggān): Ezingeni lokushisa elingeqi ku-100 °C.
- Ukugcwalisa iphunga lokugcina (提花 — tíhuā): Ukusetshenziswa kwezimbali kungu-5–8 %.
- Ngezimbali ezomisiwe: I-osmanthus eyiqandisiwe ixutshwa nesisekelo ngesilinganiso sika-8–10 % wezimbali bese ishiywa esitsheni esivaliwe izinsuku ezingama-20 ukuze itiye limunce iphunga.
Inani lokuphindaphinda ukunonga alibizwanga encazelweni.
6. Izici Ze-Organoleptic
Incazelo yophawu lwezolimo inikeza ifomula ejwayelekile, ukwakheka okungamajikijolo noma ama-granule (条形、颗粒), okulinganayo, okunezimbali zegolide ezifakwe phakathi (缀金花), uketshezi olukhanyayo, iphunga le-osmanthus eliminyene nelihlala isikhathi eside, ukunambitheka okuthambile nokugcwele, bese ichaza ngokwehlukana izinhlobo ezimbili: esisekelweni esiluhlaza nesibomvu.
- Ukubukeka kweqabunga elomile: Amajikijolo aminyene noma ama-granule anezimbali ze-osmanthus ezisagolide ezifakwe phakathi. Esisekelweni esiluhlaza, aluhlaza okotshani okumnyama (墨绿), kwesibomvu, amnyama acwebezelayo (乌润).
- Iphunga leqabunga elomile: Ayikho incazelo ehlukile.
- Iphunga loketshezi: Iphunga le-osmanthus eliminyene nelihlala isikhathi eside (桂花香气浓郁持久) kuzo zombili izinhlobo.
- Ukunambitheka: Esisekelweni esiluhlaza, kuthambile futhi kugcwele (醇厚), kwesibomvu, kuthambile futhi kulingene (醇和).
- Umbala woketshezi: Esisekelweni esiluhlaza, uphuzi oluhlaza futhi ukhanya (黄绿明亮), kwesibomvu, ubomvu futhi ukhanya (红亮).
- Isisekelo setiye (iqabunga eliphekiwe): Esisekelweni esiluhlaza, siphuzi ngokuluhlaza futhi siyakhanya (黄绿明亮), kwesibomvu, silingene, sibomvu futhi siyakhanya (红匀明亮).
7. Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali
Incazelo yophawu lwezolimo ibeka imikhawulo ephansi: ama-amino acid amahhala (abhalwa njenge-glutamic acid) okungenani angu-3.0 %, i-potassium okungenani engu-1200 mg nge-100 g, i-calcium okungenani engu-230 mg nge-100 g. Eminye imininingwane ye-physicochemical ayikho emithonjeni etholakele. Iphunga linikezwa yizinto eziguqukayo zezimbali ze-osmanthus, ezimunca isisekelo.
8. Ukuphisa
Umkhuba wekilasi le- itiye elinongiwe.
- Izinga lokushisa lamanzi: 85–90 °C esisekelweni esiluhlaza, 90–95 °C kwesibomvu.
- Inani letiye: 3 g nge-150 ml.
- Isitsha: I-gaiwan enesembozo, igcina iphunga, noma i-teapot ye-porcelain.
- Inqubo:
- Fudumeza isitsha.
- Faka itiye.
- Thela amanzi bese uvala ngesembozo ngokushesha.
- Uketshezi lokuqala, imizuzu eyi-1–2 ku-gaiwan.
- Ngaphambi kokuphuza, phakamisa isembozo bese uhogela iphunga.
- Ukuphindaphinda kokuphisa kabili noma kathathu.
9. Ukugcina
Umkhuba wekilasi. Ephepheni elivalekile, endaweni eyomile, epholile, emnyama, ngaphandle kwamaphunga angaphandle: isisekelo esimunce iphunga le-osmanthus sizomunca kalula nephunga langaphandle. Iphunga lezimbali liyancipha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ngakho itiye kungcono uliphuze phakathi nonyaka.
10. Intengo kanye Nemikhiqizo Yomgunyathi
Ayikho imininingwane ngezintengo emithonjeni etholakele.
- Indlela yokugwema imikhiqizo yomgunyathi:
- Funani uphawu lwendawo kanye nemvelaphi yaseGuìlín.
- Cela ukucacisa isisekelo, itiye eliluhlaza noma elibomvu: lokhu kushintsha kokubili ukunambitheka nombala woketshezi.
- Iphunga kufanele livele ekunongeni ngezimbali, ezintsha noma eziqandisiwe, njengoba kuvunyelwe yincazelo yophawu; iphunga eliqinile, “le-parfum”, elisheshe linyamalale liwuphawu lwe-flavour.
- Izimbali eziphaketheni ngokwazo azifakazeli lutho: zingavele zixutshwe netiye elinganongiwe.
11. Amaqiniso Athakazelisayo
- Igama ledolobha negama lembali lapha kuyinto efanayo: 桂林 lisho “ihlathi le-osmanthus”.
- Indawo evikelwe ihlanganisa izifunda eziyisithupha kanye nezifunda eziyishumi nanye, sonke isifunda.
- Incazelo yophawu ivumela izindlela ezimbili: izimbali ezintsha ezigcinwe enqwabeni amahora ayi-10–12 noma i-osmanthus eqandisiwe enikeza itiye iphunga izinsuku ezingama-20.
- Igama lihlanganisa izisekelo ezimbili, eziluhlaza nezibomvu, ngakho itiye linezimo ezimbili: uketshezi oluphuzi ngokuluhlaza kolunye bese ubomvu kolunye.
12. Ukuqhathanisa namanye amatiye anongiwe
- I-osmanthus oolong (桂花乌龙): Elivame kakhulu ematiyeni e-osmanthus; isisekelo yi-oolong, esingekho ezincazelweni ze-Guìlín Guìhuā Chá.
- I-osmanthus red tea (桂花红茶): Itiye elibomvu eligcwaliswe ngephunga le-osmanthus, uhlobo olujwayelekile, olusondelene netiye laseGuìlín esisekelweni esibomvu.
- I-osmanthus longjing (桂花龙井): I-longjing eluhlaza elinephunga le-osmanthus, isibonelo sokunonga isisekelo esiluhlaza esidumile.
- I-Guìlín Máo Jiān (桂林毛尖): Itiye eliluhlaza elinganongiwe ledolobha elifanayo.
Ekuphetheni:
I-Guìlín Guìhuā Chá itiye le-osmanthus ledolobha eliqanjwe nge-osmanthus. Igama alivikeli uhlobo oluthile noma isisekelo esisodwa, kodwa ubuciko besifunda: i-osmanthus esagolide, isisekelo esiluhlaza noma esibomvu, ukunonga enqwabeni ngesikhathi sokugcina amahora ayi-10–12, iqabunga elilinganayo elinezimbali zegolide ezifakwe phakathi kanye nephunga eliminyene nelihlala isikhathi eside.