Guìlín guìhuā chá

Guìlín guìhuā chá (Guìlín guìhuā chá, 桂林桂花茶) ndi tiyi wokongoletsedwa ndi maluwa a osmanthus, wa m’boma la Guilin m’chigawo cha Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. Dzinali limagwirizanitsa mankhwalawa ndi malowa kawiri: 桂 (guì) ndiye osmanthus, ndipo dzina la Guilin lenileni (桂林) limatanthauza “nkhalango ya osmanthus”. Maziko a tiyi amadzazidwa ndi fungo la maluwa a osmanthus, monga momwe zimakhalira ndi tiyi wa jasmine; kufotokozera kwa chizindikiro chaulimi kumatchula maziko awiri, tiyi wobiriwira ndi tiyi wofiira, motero gulu limodzi lokha silikwanira. Malo otetezedwa amaphimba boma lonse, maderawa asanu ndi limodzi ndi maboma khumi ndi limodzi. Kuyambira 2014 chimakhala chizindikiro chaulimi chotetezedwa mwachiyenda, ndipo kuyambira 2025 chimakhala chinthu chokhala ndi chizindikiro chotetezedwa mwachiyenda.

1. Gulu ndi Chiyambi

Mtundu: Tiyi wokongoletsedwa ndi maluwa (花茶, huāchá): maziko a tiyi, odzazidwa ndi fungo la osmanthus. Kufotokozera kwa chizindikiro chaulimi kumatchula mitundu iwiri, ya pa maziko obiriwira ndi ya pa maziko ofiira (绿茶、红茶级型坯); mu chilengezo cha 2025 mazikowo sanatchulidwe. Dzinali limaphimba magulu awiri, choncho nkhaniyi ili pakati pa magulu, osati mu foda ya gulu limodzi.
Gulu: Tiyi wa osmanthus wa ku Guangxi; chizindikiro chaulimi chotetezedwa mwachiyenda (2014) ndi chinthu chokhala ndi chizindikiro chotetezedwa mwachiyenda (2025).
Chiyambi: China, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region (广西壮族自治区, Guǎngxī Zhuàngzú Zìzhìqū), boma la Guilin (桂林, Guìlín).
Malo otetezedwa: Maderawa asanu ndi limodzi a m’tawuni, Xiufeng (秀峰), Xiangshan (象山), Qixing (七星), Diecai (叠彩), Yanshan (雁山) ndi Lingui (临桂), ndi maboma khumi ndi limodzi: Lingchuan (灵川), Xing’an (兴安), Quanzhou (全州), Yangshuo (阳朔), Pingle (平乐), Lipu (荔浦), Longsheng (龙胜), Yongfu (永福), Gongcheng (恭城), Ziyuan (资源) ndi Guangyang (灌阳).
Ma coordinate a malo: 109°36′–111°29′ E, 24°15′–26°23′ N, madigiri opitilira awiri m’lifupi.

2. Mbiri ndi Tanthauzo la Chikhalidwe

Mbiri:
- Osmanthus ndi mzinda. Dzina la Guilin limachokera ku nkhalango za osmanthus; osmanthus ndiye duwa loyimira mzindawu.
- Mbiri yoyambirira malinga ndi kufotokozera kwa chizindikiro. Kufotokozera kwa chizindikiro chaulimi kumanena kuti kupanga ndi kumwa tiyi wa osmanthus ku Guilin kunayamba nthawi ya Tang; nthawi ya Song tiyi wa komweko ankadziwika kuti 修仁茶 (xiūrén chá), nthawi ya Qing kuti 六垌茶 ndi 龙脊茶. Palibe zolemba zomwe zimatsimikizira detiyi, ndipo tiyi otchulidwawo sanali kwenikweni a osmanthus.
- Zaka za m’ma 1970. Malinga ndi kufotokozera komweku, tiyi wa osmanthus anayamba kupangidwa ndi Guilin Tea Factory ya ku Guangxi.
- 2014. Pa 18 November Unduna wa Zaulimi, mwa chilengezo № 2179, unalembetsa Guilin Guihua Cha monga chizindikiro chaulimi chotetezedwa mwachiyenda, nambala AGI01551. Sindinapeze amene ali ndi chizindikirocho m’magwero omwe ndinafufuza.
- 2016. Mu January tiyiyu adalowa m’ndandanda wapadziko lonse wa zinthu zaulimi “zodziwika, zapadera, zabwino ndi zatsopano” za 2015, malinga ndi zomwe zinalembedwa.
- 2025. Mwa chilengezo № 640, State Intellectual Property Office (CNIPA) inazindikira dzinali ngati chinthu chokhala ndi chizindikiro chotetezedwa mwachiyenda; m’chilengezo chomwecho muli mayina 1409.
Dzina:
- “Guilin” (桂林) ndi “nkhalango ya osmanthus”, dzina la mzinda.
- “Guihua” (桂花, guìhuā) ndi maluwa a osmanthus.
- “Cha” (茶, chá) ndi “tiyi”.
Tanthauzo la chikhalidwe: Kwa Guilin, osmanthus ndi mbali ya dzina ndi maonekedwe a mzinda, ndipo tiyi wa osmanthus amapitiriza kugwirizana kumeneku. Dzinali limakhazikitsa izi kwa boma lonse, osati kwa boma limodzi lokha.

3. Kufotokozera kwa Zomera ndi Zopangira

Chomera chonunkhiritsa: Osmanthus wonunkhira (Osmanthus fragrans). Wabwino kwambiri pa kununkhiritsa, malinga ndi mafotokozedwe, ndi osmanthus wagolide wa komweko, 金桂 (jīnguì): duwa lalikulu, masamba akuda, mtundu wagolide wachikasu, fungo lokhuthala loyera.
Maluwa: Atsopano, oyera, opanda zowonongeka ndi ndi fungo lamphamvu; kufotokozera kwa chizindikiro kumalola osmanthus wouma wouma mwadzidzidzi (真空冷冻).
Maziko a tiyi: Zopangira zamitundu ya tiyi wobiriwira kapena wofiira (级型坯). Mtundu wa chomera cha tiyi sunatchulidwe m’mafotokozedwe.
Nthawi: Palibe nthawi za maluwa ndi kukolola zomwe zinapezeka m’magwero omwe tinafufuza.

4. Malo ndi Makhalidwe a Kulima

Malinga ndi kufotokozera kwa chizindikiro chaulimi (2014):

Dera: Kumpoto chakum’mawa kwa Guangxi, kumwera chakumadzulo kwa mapiri a Nanling (南岭); makhalidwe a miyala ya karst. Malowa amaphatikiza mzinda wa Guilin komanso maboma a kumpoto ndi kumwera kwake.
Kutalika: Kutalika kwapakati kwa dera kuli pafupifupi 150 m.
Nyengo: Nyengo yotentha ya monsoon, yofewa komanso yachinyontho. Kutentha kwapachaka kuli pafupifupi 19,3 °C, nthawi yopanda chisanu ndi masiku 309, mvula ndi 1949,5 mm pachaka, chinyezi ndi 73–79 %, kuwala kwa dzuwa ndi maola 1670 pachaka.
Dothi: Makamaka lofiira, lomasuka komanso lakuthwa, pH 4,5–6,5.
Madzi: Mitsinje isanu, Lijiang (漓江), Xiangjiang (湘江), Luoqingjiang (洛清江), Xunjiang (浔江) ndi Zijiang (资江).
Makhalidwe: Kufotokozera kwa chizindikiro kumanena za zinthu za zomera ziwiri panthawi imodzi, osmanthus ndi chomera cha tiyi: pa tiyi wokongoletsedwa ndi maluwa, malo amatsimikizira osati dimba lokha, komanso duwa.

5. Tekinoloje ya Kupanga

Kufotokozera kwa chizindikiro chaulimi (2014) kumapereka ndondomeko ziwiri, ndi maluwa atsopano ndi ndi maluwa owuma.

Ndi maluwa atsopano: maluwa → maziko a tiyi → kununkhiritsa → kuumitsa → kumaliza kudzaza fungo → tiyi wokonzeka.
- Zopangira: Maluwa atsopano, opanda kuipitsidwa, kuwonongeka ndi zosakaniza zakunja, ndi fungo lamphamvu; maziko ndi zopangira zamitundu ya tiyi wobiriwira kapena wofiira.
- Kununkhiritsa (窨制, xūnzhì): Tiyi ndi maluwa amasakanizidwa m’mulingo wokhazikitsidwa ndikuyikidwa mulu wa kutalika kwa 40–50 cm kwa maola 10–12. Mulu ukafika pa 45 °C, umagwedezeka ndikuziziritsa (通花、摊凉).
- Kuumitsa (烘干, hōnggān): Pa kutentha kosapitirira 100 °C.
- Kumaliza kudzaza fungo (提花, tíhuā): Kugwiritsa ntchito maluwa ndi 5–8 %.
Ndi maluwa owuma: Osmanthus wouma mwadzidzidzi amasakanizidwa ndi maziko pa mlingo wa 8–10 % ya maluwa ndikusiyidwa mu chidebe chotsekedwa kwa masiku 20, kuti tiyi amwe fungo.

Kuchuluka kwa kununkhiritsa kobwerezabwereza sikunatchulidwe.

6. Makhalidwe a Kumva

Kufotokozera kwa chizindikiro chaulimi kumapereka njira yodziwika bwino, mawonekedwe a zingwe kapena granules (条形、颗粒), osalala, ndi tinthu ta maluwa agolide (缀金花), madzi owala, fungo la osmanthus lokhuthala komanso lokhalitsa, kukoma kofewa komanso kokwanira, ndipo kumafotokozera padera mitundu iwiri: ya pa maziko obiriwira ndi ya pa maziko ofiira.

Maonekedwe a masamba owuma: Zingwe zolimba zosalala kapena granules ndi tinthu ta maluwa agolide a osmanthus. Pa maziko obiriwira, ndi obiriwira akuda (墨绿), pa ofiira ndi akuda onyezimira (乌润).
Fungo la masamba owuma: Palibe kufotokozera kwapadera.
Fungo la madzi: Fungo la osmanthus lokhuthala komanso lokhalitsa (桂花香气浓郁持久) pa mitundu yonse iwiri.
Kukoma: Pa maziko obiriwira, ndi kofewa komanso kokwanira (醇厚), pa ofiira ndi kofewa komanso kosalala (醇和).
Mtundu wa madzi: Pa maziko obiriwira, ndi wobiriwira wachikasu komanso wowala (黄绿明亮), pa ofiira ndi wofiira komanso wowala (红亮).
Masamba otsala: Pa maziko obiriwira, ndi obiriwira wachikasu komanso owala (黄绿明亮), pa ofiira ndi osalala, ofiira komanso owala (红匀明亮).

7. Zomwe Zili M’kati Mwake

Kufotokozera kwa chizindikiro chaulimi kumakhazikitsa malire apansi: ma amino acid aulere (monga glutamic acid) osachepera 3,0 %, potaziyamu osachepera 1200 mg pa 100 g, kashiamu osachepera 230 mg pa 100 g. Palibe zina zokhudza thupi ndi mankhwala zomwe zinapezeka m’magwero omwe tinafufuza. Fungo limaperekedwa ndi zinthu zosinthasintha za maluwa a osmanthus, zomwe maziko amamwa.

8. Kaphikidwe

Njira yopangira tiyi wokongoletsedwa ndi maluwa.

Kutentha kwa madzi: 85–90 °C pa maziko obiriwira, 90–95 °C pa ofiira.
Kuchuluka kwa tiyi: 3 g pa 150 ml.
Zida: Gaiwan yokhala ndi chivindikiro, imasunga fungo, kapena mbale ya porcelain.
Njira:
1. Tenthetsa zida.
2. Ikani tiyi.
3. Tsani madzi ndikutseka nthawi yomweyo ndi chivindikiro.
4. Kupanga koyamba ndi mphindi 1–2 mu gaiwan.
5. Asanamwe, kwezani chivindikiro ndikupumira fungo.
6. Bwerezani kutsanulira kawiri kapena katatu.

9. Kusunga

Njira yopangira gululi. Mu phukusi lotsekedwa bwino, pamalo owuma, ozizira, amdima, opanda fungo lachilendo kotheratu: maziko omwe amwa fungo la osmanthus amathanso kumwa mosavuta fungo lina. Fungo la maluwa limafooka pakapita nthawi, choncho tiyiyu ndi bwino kumwa mkati mwa chaka chimodzi.

10. Mitengo ndi Zonamizira

Palibe deta ya mitengo yomwe inapezeka m’magwero omwe tinafufuza.

Momwe mungapewere zonamizira:
- Fufuzani chizindikiro chotetezedwa mwachiyenda ndi chiyambi chochokera ku Guilin.
- Tsimikizirani maziko, obiriwira kapena ofiira: izi zimasintha kukoma ndi mtundu wa madzi.
- Fungo liyenera kuchokera ku kununkhiritsa ndi maluwa, atsopano kapena owuma mwadzidzidzi, monga momwe amalola kufotokozera kwa chizindikiro; fungo lakuthwa, la “mankhwala onunkhiritsa”, lomwe limatha mwachangu ndi chizindikiro cha zonunkhiritsa zopangira.
- Maluwa omwe ali paketiyo okha sakutsimikizira chilichonse: akhoza kungosakanizidwa ndi tiyi wopanda fungo.

11. Zochititsa Chidwi

Dzina la mzinda ndi dzina la duwa pano ndi chimodzimodzi: 桂林 ndi “nkhalango ya osmanthus”.
Malo otetezedwa amaphimba maderawa asanu ndi limodzi ndi maboma khumi ndi limodzi, boma lonse.
Kufotokozera kwa chizindikiro kumalola njira ziwiri: maluwa atsopano ndi kukhala mulu kwa maola 10–12 kapena osmanthus wouma mwadzidzidzi, womwe umapereka fungo lake kwa tiyi kwa masiku 20.
Dzinali limaphimba maziko awiri, obiriwira ndi ofiira, choncho tiyiyu ali ndi maonekedwe awiri: madzi obiriwira achikasu kwa wina ndi ofiira kwa wina.

12. Kuyerekeza ndi Tiyi Ena Okongoletsedwa ndi Maluwa

Osmanthus oolong (桂花乌龙): Ndiofala kwambiri mwa tiyi a osmanthus; maziko ndi oolong, omwe palibe m’mafotokozedwe a Guilin Guihua Cha.
Osmanthus black tea (桂花红茶): Tiyi wofiira, wodzazidwa ndi fungo la osmanthus, ndi mtundu wamba, wofanana ndi tiyi wa Guilin pa maziko ofiira.
Osmanthus longjing (桂花龙井): Longjing wobiriwira ndi fungo la osmanthus ndi chitsanzo cha kununkhiritsa maziko obiriwira otchuka.
Guilin Maojian (桂林毛尖): Tiyi wobiriwira wopanda fungo wa mzinda womwewo.

Pomaliza:

Guilin Guihua Cha ndi tiyi wa osmanthus wa mzinda wotchedwa dzina la osmanthus. Dzinali limateteza osati mtundu kapena maziko amodzi, koma luso la boma: osmanthus wagolide, maziko obiriwira kapena ofiira, kununkhiritsa mulu ndi kukhala kwa maola 10–12, masamba osalala ndi tinthu ta maluwa agolide ndi fungo lokhuthala lokhalitsa.