guìhuā hóngchá

I-Osmanthus red tea iyitíye elibomvu eselilungile (红茶, hóngchá), eligcwaliswe ngephunga lezimbali eziphilayo ze-osmanthus ezinuka kamnandi kusetshenziswa ubuchwepheshe obubizwa ngo-窨制 (yìnzhì). Ohlelweni lwaseChina, umkhiqizo onjalo awubalwa njengenye yezigaba eziyisithupha eziyisisekelo, kodwa ubalwa njengezinye zamatiye agaywe kabusha — 再加工茶 (zàijiāgōng chá), okuyiqembu lesikhombisa elingaphandle kwe-«六大基本茶类». Umqondo ulula: iqabunga alidluli emjikelezweni omusha wokufakwa komoyampilo futhi alishintshi isigaba, lihlala liyitíye elibomvu. Okushintshayo kuphela wungqimba lwephunga lalo: kuthathwa isisekelo setiye esesilungile — 茶坯 (chápēi) — bese sigcwaliswa ngokulandelana ngezinto eziguquguqukayo zembali.

Iningi lamatiye ezimbali aseChina akhelwe phezu kwesisekelo esiluhlaza: 烘青绿茶 (hōngqīng lǜchá), iqabunga elikhululekile elinoboya, elimunca kahle iphunga. I-osmanthus iyahluka kulokhu: ayiphili kuphela etiyeni eliluhlaza. Izinga lemboni i-GH/T 1117-2022 《桂花茶》 esahlukweni salo sokuhlukanisa libala izisekelo ezine — eliluhlaza (桂花绿茶), elibomvu (桂花红茶), iwulungu (桂花乌龙茶, guìhuā wūlóng chá) kanye nelimhlophe (桂花白茶); elesine lafakwa ekuhlukaniseni yi-edishini ka-2022 — ohlwini lwezinguquko uma kuqhathaniswa nenguqulo ka-2015 lokhu kuboniswe ngomugqa ohlukile. Ukuthi isisekelo ngasinye sivela kangaki, asikwazi ukukuqinisekisa: asinazo izilinganiso nezibalo ngezisekelo. Kungashiwo ngokuqapha: izisekelo ezibomvu neziwulungu ngaphansi kwe-osmanthus zivela njalo — ngokungafani nejasmine, lapho isisekelo cishe ngaso sonke isikhathi kuba itiye eliluhlaza. Inguqulo ebomvu ngempela iyisihloko salesi sihloko.

Kungani isisekelo esibomvu siziphatha ngendlela ehlukile ne-osmanthus

Umehluko phakathi kwezisekelo awukona amandla ephunga, kodwa indlela imbali ehlangana ngayo nokunambitheka kweqabunga.

Isisekelo esiluhlaza asinawo umbala futhi sisha: sinomugqa wotshani nobhontshisi, ukubabula okuncane kanye «nokubonisa ngale» okuphezulu. I-osmanthus kuso ifundeka njengongqimba oluhlukile, olungezwe phezu kwetiye — umehluko phakathi kwembali neqabunga uzwakala kahle, futhi kungenxa yalowo mehluko ukuthi iphunga libukeka liqhakazile.

Isisekelo se-ulung sinika ithoni ephakathi: iqabunga eline-oxidation engaphelelanga selivele linengxenye yalo yezimbali nezithelo, futhi liqala ukuncintisana ne-osmanthus. Yingakho ukuhlanganiswa kwe-«osmanthus — ama-ulung aseTaiwan nawaseFujian ane-oxidation emaphakathi» kudumile: imbali lapha ayengezwa nje kuphela, kodwa iqhubeka futhi igcizelela umugqa osevele ukhona.

Isisekelo esimhlophe (桂花白茶) esezingeni sibalwa njengesici esihlukile sokuhlukanisa futhi sihlaziywa esihlokweni esihlukile; lapha sibalulwa nje ukuze kuphelele isithombe, hhayi njengesihloko sokuqhathanisa.

Isisekelo esibomvu sakhiwe ngendlela ehlukile. Iqabunga eline-oxidation ephelele ngokwalo limnandi: linamathoni e-malt, e-oju, ezithelo ezibhakiwe, ukuminyana kwe-caramel futhi cishe abukho ubuthi botshani. I-osmanthus nomugqa wayo webhilikosi nepesika kanye noju — i-γ-decalactone, i-β-ionone, i-linalool nama-oxide ayo — ayigcini ngokungena esimweni esimnandi esivele sikhona. Ngakho-ke etiyeni elibomvu imbali ngokuvamile ayibukeki njenge-«sticker»: ingena njengokuqhubeka kokunambitheka, inweba ingxenye yebhilikosi ye-aftertaste futhi ikhanyise kancane ubunzima be-malt. Umphumela osebenzayo wukuthi kunengozi ephezulu yokuthi uma kugcwaliswa kancane imbali imane incibilike etiyeni futhi ingabonakali, kanti uma kugcwaliswa ngokweqile izoguqula isimilo sesisekelo ngokwaso. Kokubili lokhu kugoba kusisekelo esibomvu kwenzeka kaningi kunakwisisekelo esiluhlaza.

Okwesibili ngobuchwepheshe: iqabunga elibomvu, njengomthetho, lisongwa ngokuqinile futhi lomile kunesakhiwo kuneluhlaza 烘青 elikhululekile, futhi limunca izinto eziguquguqukayo kancane. Ngakho-ke ukukhiqiza kuvame ukusebenzisa imijikelezo eyengeziwe yokugcwaliswa noma ungqimba lokugcina lwembali olusha, hhayi ukuthintana okukodwa okude.

Yiziphi izisekelo ezisetshenziselwa ukugcwaliswa

Izinga likhombisa ukuhlukaniswa ngohlobo lwesisekelo, kodwa alisho amatiye athile ezifunda: i-osmanthus red tea iwumndeni wemikhiqizo yemakethe, hhayi uhlobo olulodwa olusungulwe ngokomlando njenge-Fuzhou jasmine tea. Noma kunjalo, kukhona imigqa emithathu yezisekelo ehlala ivela.

I-Yunnan dianhong (滇红, diānhóng). Ingumlingani onengqondo kunazo zonke ngephrofayili: impahla yamahlamvu amakhulu ye-Camellia sinensis var. assamica inikeza ukuphuza okuminyene, okumnandi, okune-honey-malt ne-caramel-fruity ngokuminyana okuphezulu nangomthamo wamakha obonakalayo. Leli tiye likwazi ukumelana nokugcwaliswa ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa umzimba walo, futhi ingxenye yalo ye-caramel-fruit ihlangana nethoni yebhilikosi yembali cishe ngaphandle komthungo. Kuyi-dianhong lapho kukhona khona izinhlobo zezinhlayiya ezimise okwentsimbi.

Amatiye abomvu aseFujian. Okukhulunywa ngakho ikakhulukazi umugqa we-闽红 (mǐnhóng) kanye namatiye abomvu amaningi avela e-Wuyishan nasenyakatho yeFujian. Inzuzo yalesi sisekelo ingeyobuchwepheshe: eFujian kukhona isikhungo esiyinhloko sobuqephu be-窨制, esithuthukiswe kwi-jasmine, futhi imishini, ezokuthutha nokuqonda kwesu kudluliselwa kwi-osmanthus ngaphandle kokusungula ubuchwepheshe kabusha. Iphrofayili yamatiye abomvu aseFujian imnene futhi yomile kune-dianhong, inobumnandi bezithelo nezimbali, hhayi i-caramel.

I-Zhengshan xiaozhong (正山小种, zhèngshān xiǎozhǒng). Icala elihlukile futhi eliyindida. Leli tiye — uhlobo lukakhokho wawo wonke amatiye abomvu — linesimilo esivelele ngokwedlulele: i-longan eyomile, ubumnandi bezithelo ezomile, futhi enguqulweni yendabuko ebhemayo kuphinde kube nentuthu enamanzi avela ekucubunguleni ngomsuzwa. I-osmanthus lapha ayingeni esikhaleni esingenalutho, kodwa ingena endaweni yamakha esivele igcwele. Umphumela ungaba yizinhlobo ezimbili: noma imbali iyathuliswa futhi umkhiqizo ube nzima kunesisekelo sawo ngaphandle kokungeza umqondo, noma ingene engxabanweni nengxenye entuthu. Ngakho-ke ukugcwaliswa kwe-xiaozhong kuvame ukuvela kancane futhi ngokuvamile kumpahla engabhemiwe; kubathandi be-xiaozhong uqobo, ukugaywa kabusha okunjalo kubonwa njengokonakala kwetiye langempela kunokuthuthuka. Ngokwe-encyclopedia kuyiqiniso kakhulu ukusho kanje: ngobuchwepheshe kungenzeka futhi emakethe kuyavela, kodwa akusilo isiko le-canonical.

Ubuchwepheshe be-窨制

Isikimu sokugcwaliswa siyefana kuwo wonke amatiye ezimbali futhi kusisekelo esibomvu sihluka nje ngamapharamitha.

1. Ukulungisa i-茶坯: itiye elibomvu eselilungile liyomiswa futhi lilethwe ezingeni eliphansi lomswakama ukuze likwazi ukwamukela umswakama nezinto eziguquguqukayo ezivela embalini.
2. Ukuqoqa imbali ngosuku lokugcwaliswa kanye nokuyihluza: kususwa amagatsha, amahlamvu, izimbali ezimnyama.
3. Ukubeka ngezendlalelo: itiye nezimbali ezintsha zigudluzwa ngezendlalelo ngesilinganiso esinqunyiwe.
4. 通花散热 (tōnghuā sànrè) — ukuxegisa nokungenisa umoya kwenqwaba: imbali entsha «iyaphefumula» futhi ikhipha ukushisa, uma kudlula izinga iphunga liphendukela kumnandi oshisiwe, «obilisiwe», ngakho-ke inqwaba ihlukaniswa futhi ipholiswe ngezikhathi ezithile.
5. 起花 (qǐhuā) — ukuhluza imbali esetshenzisiwe. Isivele inikele izinto zayo ezinukayo futhi akufanele ihlale etiyeni.
6. Ukuphinda umjikelezo — 多窨 (duōyìn), ukugcwaliswa okuphindaphindiwe: 一窨, 二窨 nokunye.
7. 提花 (tíhuā) — ungqimba lokugcina olufushane lwembali entsha, olunikeza inothi eliphilayo elingaphezulu.
8. Ukomiswa kokugcina nokupakishwa.

Inani lokugcwaliswa — 窨次 (yìncì) — emgqeni we-jasmine lisebenza njengophawu lwezinga: imijikelezo eminingi, iklasi eliphakeme, ngoba umjikelezo ngamunye uyisabelo esisha sezimbali, ukusetshenziswa okusha kwempahla kanye nengozi entsha yokulahleka kwetiye; izinga lapho lichazwa kuze kufike ekugcwalisweni okuyisikhombisa. Kumatiye e-osmanthus isikali sika-窨次 asikho — i-GH/T 1117-2022 yakha izinga ngenye indlela (bheka isigaba esilandelayo). Ngakho-ke «ukugcwaliswa okuphindaphindiwe» encazelweni ye-osmanthus red tea kuvame ukumemezelwa ngamazwi kunokuba kube yinombolo eqinile, futhi umthengi akakwazi ukuhlola inani lemijikelezo emkhiqizweni oqediwe. Kuyingqondo ukubheka izinkomba ezinjenge-«threefold saturation» njengesimemezelo somkhiqizi, hhayi njengepharamitha eqinisekisiwe.

Kubalulekile futhi ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwe-窨制 nokumane kuhlanganiswe itiye elomile nezimbali ezomile. Okwesibili kushibhile, kwenziwa ngemizuzu futhi nakho kuyavela emakethe, kodwa kungumkhiqizo ohluke kakhulu: iphunga lapho lihlala ezimbalini ezomile ngokwazo, hhayi eqabungeni letiye, futhi liyanyamalala ngemva kokuchithwa kokuqala noma kwesibili. Etiyeni eligcwaliswe kahle, imbali eyomile engxubeni eqediwe ingase ingabikho nhlobo (ihluziwe), kanti iphunga lihlala izikhathi eziningana zokuchitha.

Amagreyidi nezinkambiso: GH/T 1117-2022 《桂花茶》

Izinga lemboni i-GH/T 1117-2022 《桂花茶》 (i-edishini eyangena esikhundleni senguqulo ka-2015) — yidokhumenti eli kumatiye e-osmanthus, kuhlanganise ne-桂花红茶, elibeka ukuhlukaniswa, amagreyidi kanye nemikhawulo yezinombolo. Isiqalo esingu-GH/T sisho izinga lemboni (行业标准) lohlelo lwe-consumer cooperation, hhayi elikazwelonke GB/T; lokhu kubalulekile ekunembeni kwezinkomba, kodwa izinkambiso ezikulo zicacile.

Lokhu kuhlelwe ngezendlalelo ezimbili. Amagreyidi etiye le-osmanthus ngokwalo azuzwa emazingeni omkhiqizo etiye eliyisisekelo elihambisanayo (原料茶) — okusho ukuthi ku-桂花红茶 igridi yamaklasi ivela ezingeni letiye elibomvu elisebenze njengesisekelo. Ngaphezu kwalokhu kubekwa i-eksisi yezinga ngokwalo — 内质香气, ukuhlolwa kwephunga le-osmanthus ekuphuzweni (ithebula 1):

Igreyidi	内质香气 nge-eksisi ye-桂花香
特级	桂花香浓郁鲜灵持久 — iphunga eliminyene, eliphilayo, eliqinile; ekuphuzweni iphunga le-osmanthus libonakala ngokucacile
一级	较浓郁持久 — eliminyene futhi eliqinile
二级	浓纯 — eliminyene nelihlanzekile; ekuphuzweni livela kancane
三级	尚浓 — lisaminyene ngokwanele

Izinkomba ze-physico-chemical (ithebula 2) zibekwe ngezinombolo: ingxenye yomswakama ngobuningi (水分) ayikho ngaphezu kuka-8.0 %, inani lomlotha we-engqikithi (总灰分) alikho ngaphezu kuka-6.5 %, okukhishwa ngamanzi (水浸出物) akukho ngaphansi kuka-32.0 %, ingxenye yothuli (粉末) ayikho ngaphezu kuka-1.0 %.

Isiphetho esisebenzayo kumfundi: ukusho ukuthi «eketiye le-osmanthus akukho sikali nhlobo» akulona iqiniso — isikali sikhona, futhi sinezigaba ezine zephunga kanye namagreyidi azuzwe esisekelweni. Okungekho yigridi yenani lokugcwaliswa, abaningi abalindele ukuyibona ngokufanisa ne-jasmine.

桂花松针 — «izinaliti zikaphayini ze-osmanthus»

Igama elithi 桂花松针 (guìhuā sōngzhēn) livame ukuqondwa ngendlela engeyiyo. Igama elithi 松针 ngokoqobo lisho «inaliti kaphayini», kodwa kukhulunywa kuphela ngesimo sokusongwa: iqabunga lisongwa libe inaliti emncane, eqondile, eminyene, ebukeka njengenaliti. Akukho phayini, akukho mpahla kaphayini, akukho ntuthu kaphayini ekubunjweni kwetiye elinjalo. Leli gama kuhlu lwamagama amatiye aseChina lisetshenziswa kabanzi futhi ngaso sonke isikhathi njengencazelo yesimo: ukusongwa kwezinhlayiya kukhona kumatiye aluhlaza nakwabomvu ezifundeni ezahlukene.

Inhloso ebonakalayo yesimo: inaliti iyikhabhu eminyene, ecindezelwe ngobunono, futhi ngokuvamile yenziwa ngempahla ekhethiwe efanayo, ngoba iqabunga elingalingani alisongi libe inaliti. Ekugcwalisweni kwe-osmanthus, isimo senaliti silula ngoba sinikeza ukupakishwa okulinganayo nokubukeka okuhlanzekile kwenqwaba ngaphandle kwemfucuza yezimbali. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukusongwa okuqinile kwehlisa umoya wokumunca iphunga, ngakho-ke amatiye anjalo avame ukwenziwa ngokugcizelela ku-提花 wokugcina.

Enye inkinga ehlobene: uma egameni letiye elibomvu kukhona indikimba kaphayini, lokhu kungase kubhekisele esimweni (松针) noma ekucutshungulweni ngentuthu phezu kwezinkuni zikaphayini ku-xiaozhong ebhemayo (松烟香, sōngyān xiāng). Lezi zinto ezimbili zihlukile, futhi nge-hieroglyph eyodwa engu-松 akunakwenzeka ukuzihlukanisa — kufanele kubhekwe igama eliphelele nencazelo.

Izinhlobo ze-osmanthus

Ngaphakathi kohlobo lwe-Osmanthus fragrans ngokwesiko kuhlukaniswa amaqembu ezinhlobo zasengadini, futhi ekugcwalisweni awalungile ngokulinganayo.

Iqembu lezinhlobo	IPinyin	Imbali	Izici zokugcwaliswa
金桂	jīnguì	eziphuzi, ezisagolide	iphunga eligcwele kakhulu; livame ukusetshenziselwa ukomiswa nokunukisa
银桂	yínguì	ezimhlophe kuya kokuphuzi okuncane	ithambile futhi incane ngethoni
丹桂	dānguì	ezi-orange-bomvu	umbala ogqamile, ukubukeka okucacile kwembali
四季桂	sìjìguì	eziphaphathekile	iqhakaza izikhathi eziningana ngonyaka, iphunga ngokuvamile libuthakathaka

Kusisekelo esibomvu umqondo wokukhetha uvela kulokhu okushiwo ngenhla: njengoba iqabunga selivele limnandi futhi liminyene, imbali enephunga elibuthakathaka ngeke ivele kulo. Ngakho-ke i-金桂 iyindlela elindeleke kunazo zonke; i-四季桂, naphezu kokuba lula kokuqhakaza kaningi, ayifanele nhlobo ukugcwaliswa okuqinile. Ukuthi yimaphi amaqembu ezinhlobo futhi ngasiphi isilinganiso umkhiqizi othile awusebenzisayo, akunakwenzeka ukukuthola etiyeni eliqediwe, futhi ukubalulwa kwezinhlobo encazelweni yenqwaba kuyisimemezelo somthengisi.

Izikhungo zokuqoqa izimbali nesikhathi sonyaka

Izikhungo eziyinhloko zokutshalwa kwe-osmanthus eChina:

• Guilin (桂林, Guìlín, Guangxi) — indawo ene-karst, isimo sezulu esifudumele nesinomswakama, ukuxhumana komlando nesiko le-osmanthus; igama ledolobha ngokwalo lisho «ihlathi le-osmanthus».
• Xianning (咸宁, Xiánníng, Hubei) — esinye sezikhungo eziqashelwayo zokutshala, ehlala ihlotshaniswa ne-osmanthus.
• Hangzhou (杭州, Zhejiang) — idolobhana lase-Manjuelong (满觉陇, Mǎnjuélǒng) elinamasimu e-osmanthus kanye «nemvula yekwindla yezimbali».
• Suzhou (苏州) — isisekelo somlando samatiye ezimbali, kuhlanganise nalawo e-osmanthus.

Kubalulekile ukuthi indawo yembali nendawo yetiye ngokuvamile azifani: imbali iya etiyeni noma itiye liya embalini. Lokhu kuwumkhuba ojwayelekile kuwo wonke umkhakha we-花茶 — i-jasmine tea eFuzhou nayo iqoqwa kusuka etiyeni lesinye isifunda nasembalini yesinye.

I-osmanthus iqhakaza ekwindla, ukuqhakaza kufushane, futhi ukuqoqa kudla isikhathi: izimbali zicishe zibe ngu-4–5 mm, zisuswa ngokuzithintitha endwangwini noma emambuleni, bese zihluzwa. Imbali entsha iyabuna futhi ilahlekelwa iphunga ngamahora, ngakho-ke ukugcwaliswa kwenziwa endaweni nangesikhathi sokuqhakaza — akunakwenzeka ngokomzimba ukwelula unyaka wonke uma kusetshenzwa nembali ephilayo.

Kulokhu kuvela umphumela oqondile: itiye le-osmanthus langempela lihlala linomhla wasekwindla. Inqwaba egcwaliswe ngembali ephilayo iboshelwe emjikelezweni othile wokuqhakaza kwasekwindla, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi isisekelo setiye saqoqwa nini — isisekelo singaba sesentwasahlobo noma ehlobo futhi silale kuze kube sekwindla. Uma umkhiqizo umenyezelwa njengogcwaliswe ngembali ephilayo, kodwa unomhla wasentwasahlobo, lokhu akuvumelani futhi kudinga incazelo. Ingxenye ebonakalayo yemakethe iphuza amatiye «e-osmanthus» unyaka wonke, futhi enziwe, njengomthetho, hhayi ngembali ephilayo.

Izinto ezintathu ezihlukene ngaphansi kwegama elilodwa

Igama elithi «osmanthus» egameni letiye elibomvu lihlanganisa okungenani imikhiqizo emithathu engafani, futhi ukuhlanganiswa kwabo kungumthombo oyinhloko wokudumazeka.

1. Ukugcwaliswa ngembali ephilayo (窨制). Kuchazwe ngenhla. Iphunga liseqabungeni ngokwalo, lihlala izikhathi eziningana zokuchitha, izimbali ezomile engxubeni zingase zingabikho nhlobo. Usuku lwasekwindla, umsebenzi omningi, izindleko ezibonakalayo.

2. Ithoni yemvelo ye-osmanthus yeqabunga. Lapha ukhiye uku-hieroglyph 香 (xiāng) — «ip hunga». Isakhiwo esithi 桂花香 (guìhuā xiāng) sisho «ngephunga le-osmanthus», okungukuthi sichaza iphunga letiye, hhayi ukubunjwa kwalo. Isibonelo sakudala i-桂花香单丛 (guìhuā xiāng dāncóng), i-Fenghuang dancong enohlobo lwephunga le-osmanthus: akukho mbali kuyo, ithoni ivela ezinhlobonhlobo nasekucutshungulweni. Okufanayo kungenzeka nakumatiye abomvu: kwezinye izinqwaba umugqa webhilikosi-nezimbali usondelene ngempela ne-osmanthus. Umehluko egameni mncane, kodwa uhlelekile: 桂花红茶 — itiye elinembali, 桂花香红茶 — itiye elinephunga elifana nembali. Empeleni ukumakwa akulandelwa ngokungaguquki, futhi kufanele kuncikwe encazelweni, hhayi egameni kuphela.

3. Ukunikeza iphunga. Ukwengeza i-flavoring — ingxube ye-aromatics yokudla, i-essence, i-extract — esikhundleni noma ukungeza embalini ephilayo. Lokhu kushibhile, kungenzeka noma yisiphi isikhathi sonyaka futhi kunikeza iphunga elinamandla, kodwa elifanayo, ngokuvamile eline-«confectionery» noma i-soapy-sweet, elingashintshi kusuka ekuchithekeni kuya kwesinye futhi alihlali ku-aftertaste. Uhlobo oluhlukile — itiye elomile elimane lihlanganiswe nezimbali ezomisiwe: ngokusemthethweni ngaphandle kwe-flavoring, kodwa futhi ngaphandle kokugcwaliswa.

Ukuhlukanisa lezi zindlela ngetiye elomile kunzima. Izinkomba ekuphuzweni: etiyeni eligcwaliswe kahle iphunga liyashintsha kusuka ekuchithekeni kuya kwesinye, libe buthaka kancane kancane futhi lishiye ubumnandi bebhilikosi ku-aftertaste; etiyeni eline-flavoring — lihlala liwudonga olulinganayo futhi ngokuvamile lizwakala emakhaleni kunasemlonyeni; engxubeni nembali eyomile — licishe linyamalale ngokuphelele ngemva kokuchithwa kokuqala. Lezi ziyizimpawu zokuhlola, hhayi indlela eqinisekisiwe.

Ukuphisa

I-Osmanthus red tea iphiswa njengetiye elibomvu, hhayi njengokuphuzwa kwezimbali: isisekelo siyiqabunga, futhi yilona pharamitha lalo elinquma indlela.

• Izitsha: i-gaiwan, ibhodlela le-porcelain noma lengilazi. Ingilazi ivumela ukubona umbala wokuphuzwa.
• Amanzi: cishe 90–95 °C ezisekelweni eziminyene zamahlamvu amakhulu njenge-dianhong; kwezinhlayiya ezincane ezimise okwentsimbi nakwezisekelo ezintekenteke zaseFujian — kusondela emngceleni ophansi. Amanzi abilayo ahlanganisa inothi lezimbali elingaphezulu.
• Isilinganiso: esijwayelekile setiye elibomvu; uma ungaqinisekile, kungcono ukuqala ngenani elincane, ngoba itiye eligcwaliswe kahle kulula ukuliphisa kakhulu, bese ukubabula kwe-malt kumboza imbali.
• Isikhathi: ukuchithwa okufushane nokwanda kancane kancane. Ukuchithwa kokuqala kunezimbali kakhulu, bese kuthi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi isisekelo siqale ukubonakala.
• Ukugeza kokuqala: akudingekile futhi kumatiye ezimbali kunalimaza — ingxenye yephunga iyanyamalala namanzi okuqala.
• Ukuphisa okubandayo: kuyasebenza, iphunga lifundeka lihlanzekile kunokushisa, kodwa ingxenye ye-malt yesisekelo iya ngemuva.

Amagremu athile namasekhondi lapha ngamabomu awanikezwa njengenqubo: ancike esisekelweni, ekuminyaneni kokusongwa nasekuqineni kokugcwaliswa, futhi amanani afanayo omkhakha awakaqinisekiswa.

Ukugcina. Izinto eziguquguqukayo ze-osmanthus ziyinto ephambili elahlekalayo. Isitsha esivalekile, indawo eyomile epholile, ngaphandle kokukhanya namaphunga angaphandle. Izinga, ngendlela, likhawulela umswakama womkhiqizo oqediwe enanini elingekho ngaphezu kuka-8.0 % — lelo pharamitha okuthi uma kugcinwa ngokunganaki lihamba kuqala futhi lidonse iphunga. Ngokungafani namanye amatiye abomvu, okuvunyelwe ukuwagcina iminyaka, ingxenye yezimbali iwohloka ngokushesha, futhi umkhiqizo «ophelelwe amandla» uphenduka nje itiye elibomvu elinephunga elincane elisele. Akunangqondo ukugcina itiye elinjalo isikhathi eside.

Lokhu esihlokweni akukuqinisekisi

Mayelana namazinga — ngokunembile. Izinga lemboni letiye le-osmanthus likhona: yi-GH/T 1117-2022 《桂花茶》, lapho i-桂花红茶 ibizwa ngokuqondile njengenye yezinhlobo zomkhiqizo, kunikezwe izigaba ezine zephunga le-osmanthus kanye nemikhawulo ye-physico-chemical ngezinombolo (bheka isigaba esihambisanayo ngenhla). Esingakwazi ukukuqinisekisa ukuthi kukhona izinga likazwelonke elihlukile le-GB/T ngokuqondile ku-桂花茶 noma 桂花红茶; emthonjeni wethu alikho idokhumenti elinjalo. Izinga lokujwayelekisa lapha lingelemboni, futhi lokhu kufanele kukhunjulwe lapho umthengisi ebhekisela ku-«national standard».

Okungamisiwe futhi okunganikezwa:

• Isikali se-窨次 kumatiye e-osmanthus. Igridi yokuthi «一窨…七窨» ichazwe emgqeni we-jasmine; ku-GH/T 1117-2022 izinga lakhiwa hhayi ngenani lokugcwaliswa, kodwa nge-eksisi yephunga namagreyidi azuzwe etiyeni eliyisisekelo, ngakho-ke akukho sisekelo sokudlulisela igridi ye-jasmine kwi-osmanthus njengokusemthethweni.
• Izilinganiso ezijwayelekile zembali netiye, izinga lokushisa nobude bemijikelezo yokugcwaliswa kusisekelo esibomvu. Ezimbonini ezahlukene zihlukile futhi, njengomthetho, azishicilelwa.
• Umlando wokuvela kwe-osmanthus red tea. I-osmanthus itshalwa eChina iminyaka engaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezimbili futhi kudala isetshenziswa njengesinambithayo, itiye elibomvu lavela eFujian kamuva kakhulu, kodwa ukuthi nini ngempela futhi kuphi le migqa emibili yahlangana kokokuqala — imininingwane esingayibiza ngokuthi eqinisekisiwe asinayo. I-桂花红茶 yesimanje kuyangqondo ukuyibheka njengomkhiqizo wemakethe weminyaka yamuva, hhayi njenge-canon yasendulo.
• Imvamisa nezilinganiso zezisekelo ezahlukene (eziluhlaza, ezibomvu, eziwulungu, ezimhlophe) ekukhiqizweni kwangempela kwamatiye e-osmanthus. Ukuhlukaniswa kubekwe yizinga, ukusatshalaliswa kwemithamo akukona.
• Izilinganiso zamaqembu ezinhlobo ze-osmanthus ekukhiqizweni kwangempela, imithamo yokukhiqiza, izibalo ngezifunda.
• Amanani etiye elibomvu le-osmanthus eliqediwe. Ubukhulu obaziwayo — cishe 340 ¥/kg ngezimbali ezomisiwe ezisezingeni; lokhu kuyinkomba ngezimbali, hhayi ngetiye, futhi akusona intengo yokudayisa.
• Indlela eqinisekiswe ilabhorethri yokuhlukanisa ukugcwaliswa ngembali ephilayo ne-flavoring nge-organoleptic. Izimpawu ezichaziwe ziyizinkomba ezingokoqobo, hhayi indlela yokuqinisekisa.

Izimangalo zezokwelapha isihloko asizenzi. I-osmanthus esikweni lasekhaya ibalwa njenge-«efudumezayo», kunikezwa ukuthi ivuselela ukuphefumula nokusekela ukugaya ukudla; imisebenzi yesimanje icwaninga umsebenzi we-antioxidant wezinhlanganisela zayo. Lokhu kungucwaningo lokubunjwa nokuhlolwa kwamamodeli, hhayi ubufakazi bomphumela wokwelapha wesiphuzo. I-Osmanthus red tea ingumkhiqizo wokudla onephunga elimnandi.

Okokugcina, ngogibe lwe-hieroglyph. Uphawu 桂 (guì) lunezincazelo eziningi futhi lungabhekisela ku-cassia-cinnamon: 肉桂 (ròuguì) — kuyi-spice, futhi kuyi-wulung yase-Wuyishan edumile. Kodwa 桂花 (guìhuā) isho imbali ye-osmanthus. I-Osmanthus red tea ayihlangene nakancane ne-cinnamon noma ne-wulung yase-肉桂, futhi ukufana kwe-hieroglyph lapha kuyinto esemthethweni kuphela.

the teas described here are available from teamotea