Jinyun Huangcha (Jìnyún huángchá, 缙云黄茶) ndi tiyi wobiriwira wochokera ku mtundu wa masamba achikasu wa m’boma la Jinyun (缙云县) m’chigawo cha Lishui, m’chigawo cha Zhejiang. Dzinalo limatanthauza “tiyi wachikasu wa Jinyun,” koma si tiyi wa gulu lachikasu: alibe kupesa (闷黄), popanda chimenecho sipangakhale tiyi wachikasu. “Wachikasu” pano ndi mtundu wa masamba a m’masika. Zopangira zimachokera ku zitsamba za mtundu wa “中黄2号,” wotengedwa ku chomera chosinthika mwachilengedwe chomwe chinapezeka m’munda wa mudzi wa Shanghu. Mphukira za m’masika zake zimakhala zachikasu kwambiri, “mtundu wa duwa la mpendadzuwa,” ndipo ma amino acid mmenemo, malinga ndi Tea Research Institute, ndi 6.8–8.3 %. Kuyambira 2014, dzinali limatetezedwa ndi chizindikiro cha geographical certification.
1. Gulu ndi Chiyambi
- Mtundu: Tiyi wobiriwira (绿茶, lǜchá) wochokera ku mtundu wa masamba achikasu. Njira yopangira ndi ya tiyi wobiriwira: kukhazikitsa, kupotoza, kuumitsa.
- Msampha wa dzina: “黄茶” (huángchá) m’dzinali si gulu, koma mtundu wa masamba. Momwemonso “白茶” m’mayina a mitundu ya masamba owala nthawi zambiri si tiyi woyera: Anji Baicha ndi wobiriwira.
- Gulu: Tiyi wochokera ku mitundu ya masamba owala (黄化, huánghuà); chizindikiro cha geographical certification (2014).
- Chiyambi: China, chigawo cha Zhejiang (浙江, Zhèjiāng), mzinda wa Lishui (丽水, Lìshuǐ), boma la Jinyun (缙云, Jìnyún). Boma limatchulidwa ngati kumene mwini chizindikiro ali; malire ovomerezeka a dera sindinawone.
- Zogwirizana za malo: Jinyun ndi pafupifupi 28.7° kumpoto ndi 120.1° kum’mawa.
2. Mbiri ndi Tanthauzo la Chikhalidwe
- Mbiri:
- Kupeza. M’munda wa mudzi wa Shanghu (上湖村) m’boma la Jinyun anapeza chomera chosinthika mwachilengedwe cha chitsamba cha tiyi cha kumeneko chokhala ndi masamba achikasu. Buku lina limati anapeza mu 2006; Tea Research Institute ya China Academy of Agricultural Sciences imati kusankha mitundu kunatenga zaka zoposa khumi. Nthawi izi sizigwirizana bwino: kuyambira 2006 mpaka kuvomerezedwa kwa mtundu mu 2015 ndi zaka zosakwana khumi.
- Kusankha mitundu. Mtunduwo unapangidwa ndi Tea Research Institute ya academy, ofesi ya ulimi ya boma la Jinyun ndi koogolayo ya tiyi ya Shanghu: kusankha chitsamba chimodzi, kubzala, kuyesa kufananitsa.
- Kuyambira 2010 boma linayamba kubzala mtunduwu mochuluka.
- 2012–2014. Pempho la chizindikiro cha geographical certification linaperekedwa pa 19 March 2012, kulembetsa pa 28 March 2014.
- 2015. Mtundu wa “中黄2号” unavomerezedwa ndi komiti ya Zhejiang ya zomera zosakhala zazikulu pansi pa nambala 浙(非)审茶2015001. Malinga ndi lipoti la institute (January 2016), mtunduwo unayamba kale kufalitsidwa ku Zhejiang, Sichuan, Guizhou ndi malo ena.
- Dzina: “Jinyun” (缙云) ndilo dzina la boma; “huangcha” (黄茶) ndi “tiyi wachikasu,” kutanthauza mtundu wa masamba.
- Tanthauzo la chikhalidwe: Jinyun Huangcha ndi chitsanzo cha mmene kupeza kumodzi m’munda wa mudzi kunasanduka mtundu, chizindikiro ndi bizinesi ya boma. Boma la Lishui limalankhula za iyo ngati bizinesi yapadera ya tiyi wamasamba achikasu.
3. Mafotokozedwe a Zomera ndi Zopangira
- Mtundu: 中黄2号 (Zhōnghuáng 2). Chitsamba, masamba apakati, nthawi yapakati, kukula kwapakati, ndi nsonga zoyimirira.
- Mtundu wa masamba: Mphukira za m’masika zimakhala zachikasu kwambiri, “mtundu wa duwa la mpendadzuwa” (葵花黄色). Za m’chilimwe ndi zobiriwira, za m’dzinja zimakhalanso zachikasu. Masamba okhwima, pansi ndi mkati mwa chitsamba ndi obiriwira.
- Mphukira: Ubweya ndi wochepa; mphukira zimamera mochuluka ndipo zimakhala zofewa kwa nthawi yayitali (发芽密度较大，持嫩性强).
- Zopangira: Mphukira za m’masika zachikasu ndizo zimapereka maonekedwe a tiyi.
4. Malo ndi Zochitika za Kulima
- Dera: Kum’mwera kwa pakati pa Zhejiang, boma lamapiri la m’chigawo cha Lishui.
- Nyengo: Yotentha ndi yachinyezi; palibe zambiri zenizeni za minda m’mabuku omwe ndinapeza.
- Kutalika ndi dothi: Palibe zambiri m’mabuku omwe ndinapeza.
- Zochitika za mtundu: Mtundu wachikasu wa masamba ndi zotsatira za kusintha kwa chibadwa, osati malo: m’masika mphukira zimakhala zachikasu, m’chilimwe zimasanduka zobiriwira. Chifukwa chake nyengo yayikulu ya tiyi uyu ndi masika.
5. Njira Yopangira
Buku limati Jinyun Huangcha ndi wa njira ya tiyi wobiriwira: kukhazikitsa, kupotoza, kuumitsa. Palibe chikalata chofotokoza zofunikira za njira m’mabuku omwe ndinapeza, palibenso ziwerengero.
Pansipa pali ndondomeko yamba ya tiyi wobiriwira, osati kufotokoza kwenikweni kwa tiyi uyu:
- Kuyala masamba atsopano (摊放, tānfàng): Masamba amayalidwa mosanjikiza kuti atulutse chinyezi.
- Kukhazikitsa (杀青, shāqīng): Kutentha kumayimitsa kusintha kwa mtundu ndikusunga mtundu wa masamba.
- Kupotoza (揉捻, róuniǎn).
- Kuumitsa (干燥, gānzào).
Kupesa (闷黄), komwe kumapangitsa tiyi kukhala wachikasu mwa gulu, kulibe mu njira iyi.
6. Makhalidwe a Kununkhira ndi Kukoma
Kufotokoza pansipa kunaperekedwa ndi Tea Research Institute kwa tiyi wa mtundu wa 中黄2号.
- Maonekedwe a masamba owuma: Wachikasu wa golide, wonyezimira ndi wobiriwira (金黄透绿).
- Kununkhira kwa masamba owuma: Palibe kufotokoza m’mabuku omwe ndinapeza.
- Kununkhira kwa madzi: Koyera (清香).
- Kukoma: Kofewa ndi kwatsopano (滋味嫩鲜).
- Mtundu wa madzi: Wobiriwira wofewa ndi wowala, wonyezimira wagolide (嫩绿明亮、透金黄).
- Masamba pambuyo kupesa: Achikasu ofewa, atsopano ndi amoyo (叶底嫩黄鲜活).
7. Zomwe Zili mu Tiyi
Zambiri za Tea Research Institute za mphukira za m’masika za mtundu wa 中黄2号 (mphukira imodzi ndi masamba awiri, malinga ndi kulemera kowuma):
| Chizindikiro | Kuchuluka |
|---|---|
| Ma amino acid | 6.8–8.3 % |
| Ma polyphenol | 12.4–15.9 % |
| Kafeini | 2.8–2.9 % |
| Zinthu zosungunuka m’madzi | 42.1–46.4 % |
Izi ndi zambiri za zopangira za mtundu, osati zotsatira za tiyi womalizidwa monga mwa mulingo: palibe chikalata cha chizindikiro chofotokoza zofunikira za mankhwala m’mabuku omwe ndinapeza.
8. Kupesa
Njira ya gulu la tiyi wobiriwira wofewa.
- Kutentha kwa madzi: 75–80 °C. Mtundu uwu uli ndi ma amino acid ambiri, ndipo madzi otentha kwambiri amawononga kutsitsimuka kwake.
- Kuchuluka kwa tiyi: 3 g pa 150 ml.
- Chida: Kapu yagalasi. Mmenemo mumaona masamba achikasu-obiriwira.
- Ndondomeko:
- Tenthetsa kapu.
- Ika tiyi ndikutsanulira madzi m’mbali mwa kapu.
- Kupesa koyamba pakadutsa masekondi 40–60.
- Imwa, kusiya gawo la madzi.
- Onjezerani madzi.
- Bwerezani kutsanulira kawiri kapena katatu.
9. Kusunga
Njira ya gulu. M’paketi yotsekedwa bwino, mufiriji pa 0–5 °C, popanda kuwala, chinyezi ndi fungo. Ndi bwino kumwa mkati mwa chaka.
10. Mtengo ndi Zonyenga
Palibe zambiri za mitengo m’mabuku omwe ndinapeza.
- Momwe mungapewere zonyenga:
- Yang’anani chizindikiro cha geographical certification № 10636089; malinga ndi nkhokwe ya chigawo, makampani khumi okha ndi omwe amaloledwa kuchigwiritsa ntchito.
- Onetsetsani kuti wopanga ndi wa ku boma la Jinyun.
- Masamba ndi achikasu wagolide ndi obiriwira, madzi ndi obiriwira ofewa ndi wonyezimira wagolide.
- Musasokoneze ndi tiyi wachikasu wa gulu: Jinyun Huangcha alibe kupesa.
11. Zinthu Zosangalatsa
- Zitsamba zonse za mtundu wa 中黄2号 zimachokera ku chomera chimodzi chosinthika cha m’munda wa mudzi.
- Masamba ndi achikasu kokha m’masika ndi m’dzinja; m’chilimwe amakhala obiriwira.
- Chizindikiro chinalembedwa kale mtundu usanavomerezedwe: chizindikiro ndi 2014, mtundu ndi 2015.
- Mtundu wochokera ku Jinyun wafalikira ku zigawo zina; pamwamba pake pamakhazikika, mwachitsanzo, Guangyuan Huangcha ku Sichuan.
12. Kufananiza ndi Tiyi Wina wa Masamba Owala
- Anji Baicha (安吉白茶): Tiyi wobiriwira wochokera ku mtundu wa masamba oyera 白叶一号; msampha womwewo wa dzina, koma ndi “woyera.”
- Anji Huangjin Ya (安吉黄金芽): Tiyi wobiriwira wamasamba achikasu wa ku boma la Anji kumpoto kwa Zhejiang.
- Guangyuan Huangcha (广元黄茶): Tiyi wobiriwira wamasamba achikasu wa ku Sichuan wochokera ku mitundu ya 中黄1号 ndi 中黄2号.
- Junshan Yinzhen (君山银针): Tiyi weniweni wachikasu ndi kupesa. Mwachitsanzo chosiyanitsa.
Pomaliza:
Jinyun Huangcha ndi tiyi wobiriwira wotchedwa wachikasu chifukwa cha mtundu wa masamba. Chiyambi chake ndi chomera chimodzi chosinthika cha m’munda wa mudzi wa Shanghu, chomwe chinasanduka mtundu wa 中黄2号: mphukira za m’masika za mtundu wa duwa la mpendadzuwa, ma amino acid m’zopangira mpaka 8.3 %, kukoma kofewa kwatsopano ndi kunyezimira kwa golide m’madzi obiriwira. Chizindikiro chimateteza dzinali kuyambira 2014.
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Chizindikiro cha malo
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