Guǎngyuán huángchá

Guangyuan Huangcha (Guǎngyuán huángchá, 广元黄茶) ndi tiyi wobiriwira wochokera ku mitundu ya masamba achikasu ya m’boma la Guangyuan kumpoto chakum’mawa kwa chigawo cha Sichuan. Ngakhale dzinalo limanena za “tiyi wachikasu”, tiyiyu si wa gulu la tiyi wachikasu: njira yake ndi ya tiyi wobiriwira, palibe kuvundikira (闷黄), ndipo “wachikasu” ndi mtundu wa masamba a masika a mitundu ya 中黄1号 ndi 中黄2号. Woyamba mwa mitundu iyi anabweretsedwa ku Guangyuan mu 2010, ndipo m’zaka khumi ndi zitatu kuchokera pa kubzala koyesera m’boma la Wangcang, malinga ndi boma la Guangyuan, minda ya tiyi yakula kufika pa mahekitala 51,000, ndipo ndi malo akuluakulu a “tiyi wachikasu” ku China. Boma la Guangyuan limafotokoza tiyiyu ndi mawu akuti “zikasu zitatu, zapamwamba zitatu”: masamba agolide achikasu, madzi a tiyi achikasu ngati mwana wa tsekwe, ndi masamba otsala pansi achikasu ngati yade; kuchuluka kwa ma amino acid, fungo labwino, ndi mitundu yambiri yachikasu. Dzinalo latetezedwa ndi chizindikiro cha geographical certification kuyambira 2014.

1. Gulu ndi Chiyambi

Mtundu: Tiyi wobiriwira (绿茶, lǜchá) wochokera ku mitundu ya masamba achikasu. Umu ndi momwe boma la Guangyuan limatchulira: “chopangidwa mwa njira ya tiyi wobiriwira”, wopangidwa ndi kuyala, kukazinga, kuwongola, kuumba, ndi kuumitsa.
Msampha wa dzina: “黄茶” (huángchá) m’dzinalo ndi mtundu wa masamba, osati gulu la tiyi. Tiyi wachikasu weniweni malinga ndi GB/T 30766 amafuna kuvundikira, komwe kulibe pano.
Gulu: Tiyi wochokera ku mitundu ya masamba achikasu (黄化, huánghuà); chizindikiro cha geographical certification (2014).
Chiyambi: China, chigawo cha Sichuan (四川, Sìchuān), boma la Guangyuan (广元, Guǎngyuán). Dera lalikulu ndilo boma la Wangcang (旺苍县). Boma la Guangyuan likutchulidwa ngati dera loyang’anira mwini chizindikiro; malire enieni a malo ovomerezeka sindinawaunikire.
Ma coordinates a malo: Guangyuan ili pafupi ndi 32.4° kumpoto ndi 105.8° kum’mawa.

2. Mbiri ndi Tanthauzo la Chikhalidwe

Mbiri:
- 2010. Guangyuan inabweretsa mtundu wa 中黄1号, wopangidwa ndi Tea Research Institute ya China Academy of Agricultural Sciences, ndikuyambitsa kubzala koyesera kopambana m’boma la Wangcang.
- 2013–2014. Boma la Guangyuan linapatsa ntchito yopanga pempho ku bungwe loyang’anira mbewu za zachuma m’boma, ndipo mu 2014 chizindikiro cha geographical certification cha 广元黄茶 chinalembetsedwa — nambala 14056995. Nambala yoyandikana nayo 14056996 ndi ya chizindikiro chofanana nacho cha 广元纯黄茶. Malinga ndi lipoti lapachaka la State Administration for Industry and Commerce la China la 2014 la zizindikiro, zizindikiro zonsezi zili m’manja mwa bungwe lomwelo loyang’anira mbewu za zachuma la Guangyuan (广元市经济作物管理站), ndipo zonse zinalembetsedwa pa katundu mmodzi — tiyi. Palibe chikalata chomwe chimasiyanitsa malonda a zizindikiro ziwirizi mu magwero omwe tapeza.
- Miyezo. Malinga ndi boma la Guangyuan, miyezo iwiri ya m’deralo yakhazikitsidwa — yokhudza kulima ndi yokhudza kukonza — komanso muyezo wa gulu wa “广元黄茶”; m’chaka cha 2023 chizindikirocho chimaloledwa kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi makampani khumi ndi amodzi.
- 2023. Malinga ndi boma la Guangyuan, minda ya tiyi ndi mahekitala 51,000; boma la Guangyuan limati ndi malo akuluakulu a “tiyi wachikasu” ku China.
- Tiyiyu walowetsedwa m’mndandanda wa dziko lonse wa zinthu zapadera zakumidzi ndi wa “名特优新” — zinthu zaulimi zodziwika, zapadera, zabwino, ndi zatsopano. Chigawo cha Sichuan chinamuvomereza ngati mtundu wabwino wa chigawo cha malonda aulimi komanso tiyi wodziwika kwambiri ku Sichuan (四川省最具影响力茶叶单品).
Dzina: “Guangyuan” ndi dzina la boma; “huangcha” (黄茶) ndi “tiyi wachikasu”, kutanthauza mtundu wa masamba.
Tanthauzo la chikhalidwe: Guangyuan Huangcha ndi wamng’ono kuposa tiyi ena otetezedwa a m’derali — Qifo Gongcha (otetezedwa kuyambira 2008) ndi Micangshan Cha (kuyambira 2009). Mbiri yake ndi mbiri ya mtundu wa tiyi, osati ya malo: tiyiyu anabwera pamodzi ndi mtundu wopangidwa ku Zhejiang.

3. Kufotokoza za Zomera ndi Zopangira

Mitundu: 中黄1号 (Zhōnghuáng 1) ndi 中黄2号 (Zhōnghuáng 2) — mitundu yovomerezeka ya boma yokhala ndi masamba achikasu mwachibadwa. 中黄1号 anapangidwa ndi Tea Research Institute ya academy; 中黄2号 amachokera ku mutant ya m’boma la Jinyun m’chigawo cha Zhejiang.
Mtundu wa masamba: Mphukira za masika ndi zachikasu; kwa mtundu wa 中黄2号, masamba amasanduka obiriwira nthawi ya chirimwe.
Zopangira: Mphukira zofewa za masika (鲜嫩春梢) za mitundu yolimidwa m’boma la Guangyuan.

4. Malo ndi Makhalidwe a Kulima

Dera: Kumpoto chakum’mawa kwa Sichuan, mapiri m’malire ndi Shaanxi ndi Gansu.
Kutalika kwa kulima: Palibe zambiri m’magwero omwe tapeza. Boma la Guangyuan limangonena kuti ku Guangyuan kuli mapiri aatali ambiri ndi nkhungu zambiri (多高山、多云雾).
Nyengo: Palibe zambiri zenizeni za minda m’magwero omwe tapeza.
Dothi: Palibe zambiri m’magwero omwe tapeza.
Makhalidwe: Mtundu wachikasu wa masamba umachokera ku mtundu wa tiyi, osati ku malo: mitunduyi inabweretsedwa kuchokera ku Zhejiang. Malo amapereka kutalika ndi nkhungu.

5. Njira Yopangira

Malinga ndi boma la Guangyuan, Guangyuan Huangcha amapangidwa motere:

Kufowoketsa (摊放, tānfàng): Masamba atsopano amayalidwa mosanjikiza wochepa.
Kukazinga (杀青, shāqīng): Kutentha kumayimitsa oxidation.
Kuwongola (理条, lǐtiáo): Masamba amawongoleredwa kukhala mzere.
Kuumba (做形, zuòxíng): Masamba amapangidwa ngati “maluwa ang’onoang’ono a orchid” (形似小兰花).
Kuumitsa (干燥, gānzào).

Palibe kuvundikira (闷黄). Boma la Guangyuan limanena za muyezo wa m’deralo wa kukonza, koma sindinawone malemba ake; palibe zambiri za miyeso m’magwero omwe tapeza.

6. Makhalidwe a Kumva

Boma la Guangyuan limafotokoza maonekedwe ndi mawu akuti “zikasu zitatu, zapamwamba zitatu” (三黄三高).

Maonekedwe a masamba owuma: Amaoneka ngati maluwa ang’onoang’ono a orchid (形似小兰花); agolide achikasu (外形金黄).
Fungo la masamba owuma: Palibe mafotokozedwe m’magwero omwe tapeza.
Fungo la madzi a tiyi: Lapamwamba (香气高).
Kukoma: Palibe mafotokozedwe m’magwero omwe tapeza, kupatula kutchula kuchuluka kwa ma amino acid.
Mtundu wa madzi a tiyi: Wachikasu wopepuka, “ngati mwana wa tsekwe” (汤色鹅黄).
Masamba otsala pansi: Achikasu ngati yade (叶底玉黄).

7. Zomwe Zili M’kati

Malinga ndi boma la Guangyuan (2023):

Chizindikiro	Kuchuluka
Zinthu zosungunuka	zoposa 40%
Ma amino acid	pafupifupi 7% pa avereji

Ma amino acid, malinga ndi zomwezo, ndi ochuluka kuwirikiza ka 2–3 kuposa tiyi wamba wobiriwira. Boma la Guangyuan limatchulanso kuchuluka kwa mitundu yachikasu, koma silipereka manambala.

8. Kupanga Tiyi

Njira ya gulu la tiyi wobiriwira wosakhwima.

Kutentha kwa madzi: 75–80 °C.
Kuchuluka kwa tiyi: 3 g pa 150 ml.
Chotengera: Galasi — m’menemo mumaoneka masamba achikasu obiriwira ndi madzi achikasu wopepuka.
Njira:
1. Tenthetsa galasi.
2. Ikani tiyi ndikutsanulira madzi m’mbali mwa galasi.
3. Chitsulo choyamba — pakadutsa masekondi 40–60.
4. Mwani, kusiya gawo lina la madzi.
5. Onjezerani madzi.
6. Mutha kutsanulira kawiri kapena katatu.

9. Kusunga

Njira ya gulu. M’chotengera chotsekedwa bwino, mufiriji pa 0–5 °C, popanda kuwala, chinyezi, ndi fungo. N’kubwino kumwa mkati mwa chaka.

10. Mtengo ndi Zonyenga

Malinga ndi boma la Guangyuan, mu 2023 anapanga matani 70 a tiyi, ndipo mtengo wa msika unali 4,000–16,000 yuan pa jin (500 g). Uwu ndi mtengo wowerengedwa ndi boma, osati mtengo wa m’masitolo.

Momwe mungapewere zonyenga:
- Yang’anani chizindikiro cha geographical certification № 14056995; m’chaka cha 2023 chinkaloledwa kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi makampani khumi ndi amodzi.
- Onetsetsani kuti wopanga ndi wa boma la Guangyuan.
- Masamba ndi agolide achikasu, madzi ndi achikasu wopepuka, masamba otsala pansi ndi achikasu ngati yade.
- Osasokoneza ndi tiyi wachikasu wa gulu lenileni: kuvundikira kulibe pano.

11. Zinthu Zosangalatsa

Mitundu ya tiyiyu inapangidwa ku Zhejiang, ndipo kubzala koyamba ku Guangyuan kunachitika mu 2010.
M’zaka khumi ndi zitatu, malo anakula kuchoka pa kubzala koyesera kufika pa mahekitala 51,000.
Mudzi wa Sanhe m’boma la Wangcang, malinga ndi boma la Guangyuan, unavomerezedwa ndi Unduna wa Zaulimi ngati “mudzi wa ntchito yapadera wa 100 miliyoni yuan” wa dziko lonse.
Chizindikiro chili ndi chimzake — 广元纯黄茶 (“tiyi weniweni wachikasu wa Guangyuan”), wokhala ndi nambala yoyandikana nayo.
Msampha womwewo wa dzina monga Jinyun Huangcha: tiyi amatchedwa wachikasu, koma gulu lake ndi lobiriwira.

12. Kufanizira ndi Tiyi Ena

Jinyun Huangcha (缙云黄茶): Kwawo kwa mtundu wa 中黄2号; nayenso ndi tiyi wobiriwira pansi pa dzina la “wachikasu”.
Anji Huangjin Ya (安吉黄金芽): Tiyi wobiriwira wamasamba achikasu wa ku Zhejiang.
Mengding Huangya (蒙顶黄芽): Tiyi wachikasu weniweni wa ku Sichuan, wokhala ndi kuvundikira.
Micangshan Cha (米仓山茶): Tiyi wa mapiri a Micangshan m’boma la Wangcang la boma lomwelo; njira yake yalowetsedwa m’ndandanda wa zolowa za chigawo monga nthambi ya njira ya tiyi wobiriwira ya ku Sichuan.

Pomaliza:

Guangyuan Huangcha ndi tiyi wobiriwira wa kumpoto chakum’mawa kwa Sichuan wochokera ku mitundu yachikasu ya ku Zhejiang ya 中黄1号 ndi 中黄2号. Zikasu zitatu — masamba, madzi, ndi masamba otsala pansi — ndi zapamwamba zitatu — ma amino acid pafupifupi 7%, fungo, ndi mitundu. Kuchokera pa kubzala koyesera mu 2010, tiyiyu wakula kukhala ntchito pa mahekitala 51,000; chizindikiro chateteza dzina kuyambira 2014.

Magwero

Miyezo

GB/T 30766

Chizindikiro cha malo

CNIPA 地理标志证明商标 №14056995

Mndandanda wonse — patsamba la Magwero