Jìnyún Huángchá (Jìnyún huángchá, 缙云黄茶) itiye eliluhlaza elivela ezinhlotsheni ezinamaqabunga aphuzi zaseJinyun County (缙云县) edolobheni laseLishui, esifundazweni saseZhejiang. Igama lihunyushwa ngokuthi “itiye eliphuzi laseJinyun”, kodwa itiye alilona eliklasi eliphuzi: alinayo i-men huang (闷黄), ngaphandle kwayo itiye eliphuzi likhona. “Okuphuzi” lapha umbala weqabunga lasentwasahlobo. Izinto ezingavuthiwe zivela ezihlahleni zohlobo lwe “中黄2号”, olwathuthukiswa kusuka kusiguli semvelo esatholakala engadini yesigodi saseShanghu. Amahlumela entwasahlobo alo aphuzi ngokugqamile, “anombala kabhekilanga”, futhi ama-amino acid kuwo, ngokusho kweTea Research Institute, angama-6,8–8,3 %. Kusukela ngo-2014 igama livikelwe wuphawu lokuhlola indawo.
1. Ukuhlukaniswa kanye Nemvelaphi
- Uhlobo: Itiye eliluhlaza (绿茶, lǜchá) elivela ezinhlotsheni ezinamaqabunga aphuzi. Ubuchwepheshe bungoboluhlaza: ukulungiswa, ukusongwa, ukomiswa.
- Isicupho segama: “黄茶” (huángchá) egameni akulona iklasi, kodwa umbala weqabunga. Ngokufanayo “白茶” emagameni ezinhlobo ezinamaqabunga akhanyayo ngokuvamile akusho itiye elimhlophe: Anji Baicha liluhlaza.
- Isigaba: Itiye lezinhlobo ezinamaqabunga akhanyayo (黄化, huánghuà); uphawu lokuhlola indawo (2014).
- Imvelaphi: I-China, isifundazwe saseZhejiang (浙江, Zhèjiāng), idolobha laseLishui (丽水, Lìshuǐ), iJinyun County (缙云, Jìnyún). Isifunda sivezwe njengokungena komnikazi wophawu; umngcele wezomthetho wendawo angiwuhlolanga.
- Izixhumanisi zendawo: IJinyun cishe yi-28,7° N kanye ne-120,1° E.
2. Umlando Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko
- Umlando:
- Ukutholakala. Engadini yesigodi saseShanghu (上湖村) eJinyun County kwatholakala isiguli semvelo sesihlahla setiye sendawo esineqabunga eliphuzi. Incwadi yokubhekisela ithi ukutholakala kwenzeka ngo-2006; iTea Research Institute yeChinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences ithi ukukhethwa kwathatha iminyaka engaphezu kweshumi. Lezi zikhathi azihambisani kahle: kusukela ngo-2006 kuya ekuqinisekisweni kohlobo ngo-2015 kungaphansi kweminyaka eyishumi.
- Ukukhethwa. Uhlobo lwathuthukiswa yiTea Research Institute ye-academy, uphiko lwezolimo lwaseJinyun County kanye nomfelandawonye wetiye waseShanghu: ukukhethwa kwesihlahla esisodwa, ukunwebisa, ukuhlolwa kokuqhathanisa.
- Kusukela ngo-2010 isifunda saqala ukutshala okukhulu kohlobo.
- 2012–2014. Isicelo sophawu lokuhlola indawo sathunyelwa ngomhla ka-19 Mashi 2012, ukubhaliswa kwaba ngomhla ka-28 Mashi 2014.
- 2015. Uhlobo “中黄2号” lwaqinisekiswa yikomidi laseZhejiang lezitshalo ezingezona eziyisisekelo ngaphansi kwenombolo 浙(非)审茶2015001. Ngokombiko wesikhungo (Januwari 2016), uhlobo lwase lunwetshwa eZhejiang, eSichuan, eGuizhou nakwezinye izindawo.
- Igama: “Jinyun” (缙云) yigama lesifunda; “huangcha” (黄茶) kusho “itiye eliphuzi”, ngombala weqabunga.
- Ukubaluleka kwamasiko: IJinyun Huangcha iyisibonelo sokuthi ukutholakala okukodwa engadini yesigodi kwaba uhlobo, uphawu kanye nomkhakha wesifunda. Uhulumeni waseLishui ubhala ngawo njengomkhakha ohlukile wetiye elinamaqabunga aphuzi.
3. Incazelo Yezitshalo Nezinto Ezingavuthiwe
- Uhlobo: 中黄2号 (Zhōnghghuáng 2). Isihlahla, esinamaqabunga aphakathi, isikhathi esiphakathi, ubukhulu obuphakathi, nomqhele oqondile.
- Umbala weqabunga: Amahlumela entwasahlobo aphuzi ngokugqamile, “anombala kabhekilanga” (葵花黄色). Ehlobo aluhlaza, ekwindla aphinde abe phuzi. Amaqabunga avuthiwe, ingxenye engezansi nokujula komqhele aluhlaza.
- Amahlumela: Ubulelesi buncane; amahlumela aminyene futhi ahlala ethambile isikhathi eside (发芽密度较大，持嫩性强).
- Izinto ezingavuthiwe: Amahlumela entwasahlobo anombala ophuzi yiwo anikeza ukubukeka kwetiye.
4. I-Terroir Nezici Zokutshala
- Isifunda: Iningizimu emaphakathi neZhejiang, isifunda esinezintaba saseLishui.
- Isimo sezulu: Izwe lomswakama; imininingwane eqondile ngezingadi ayikho emithonjeni etholakele.
- Ukuphakama nomhlabathi: Ayikho imininingwane emithonjeni etholakele.
- Isici sohlobo: Umbala ophuzi weqabunga uwumphumela wesiguli, hhayi izimo zokutshala: entwasahlobo amahlumela aphuzi, ehlobo aguquka abe luhlaza. Ngakho isikhathi esikhulu saleti tiye yintwasahlobo.
5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza
Incwadi yokubhekisela ifaka iJinyun Huangcha kubuchwepheshe betiye eliluhlaza: ukulungiswa, ukusongwa, ukomiswa. Umbhalo onezidingo zobuchwepheshe awukho emithonjeni etholakele, nemingcele ayikho.
Ngezansi uhlelo olujwayelekile lwetiye eliluhlaza, hhayi incazelo yaleli tiye uqobo:
- Ukuhlukaniswa kweqabunga elisha (摊放, tānfàng): Iqabunga lisakazwa kancane ukuze likhiphe ingxenye yomswakama.
- Ukulungiswa (杀青, shāqīng): Ukushisa kumisa i-oxidation futhi kulondoloze umbala weqabunga.
- Ukusongwa (揉捻, róuniǎn).
- Ukomiswa (干燥, gānzào).
I-men huang (闷黄), eyenza itiye libe phuzi ngeklasi, ayikho kulobu buchwepheshe.
6. Izici Ze-Organoleptic
Incazelo engezansi yanikezwa yiTea Research Institute ngetiye lohlobo 中黄2号.
- Ukubukeka kweqabunga elomile: Igolide eliphuzi, elikhanyisa ngokuluhlaza (金黄透绿).
- Iphunga leqabunga elomile: Azikho izincazelo emithonjeni etholakele.
- Iphunga letiye: Elihlanzekile (清香).
- Ukunambitheka: Okuthambile nokusha (滋味嫩鲜).
- Umbala wetiye: Oluhlaza okotshani obuthambile futhi okhanyayo, nokukhanya okusagolide (嫩绿明亮、透金黄).
- Amaqabunga asetshenzisiwe: Aphuzi ngokuthambile, amasha futhi aphilayo (叶底嫩黄鲜活).
7. Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali
Imininingwane yeTea Research Institute yamahlumela entwasahlobo ohlobo 中黄2号 (iqabunga elilodwa elinamaqabunga amabili, ngobunzima obomile):
| Isilinganiso | Okuqukethwe |
|---|---|
| Ama-amino acid | 6,8–8,3 % |
| Ama-polyphenol | 12,4–15,9 % |
| I-caffeine | 2,8–2,9 % |
| Izinto ezikhishwayo | 42,1–46,4 % |
Lena imininingwane yezinto ezingavuthiwe zohlobo, hhayi izinkomba zetiye eliqediwe ngokwezinga: umbhalo wophawu onezidingo zomzimba namakhemikhali awukho emithonjeni etholakele.
8. Ukuphisa
Umkhuba weklasi wetiye eliluhlaza elithambile.
- Izinga lokushisa lamanzi: 75–80 °C, uhlobo lunama-amino acid amaningi, futhi amanzi ashisayo aqeda ubusha bawo.
- Inani letiye: 3 g ku-150 ml.
- Isitsha: Ingilazi yeglasi, kuyo kubonakala iqabunga eliphuzi noluhlaza.
- Inqubo:
- Shisisa ingilazi.
- Faka itiye bese uthela amanzi odongeni.
- Ukumnika kokuqala emva kwemizuzwana engama-40–60.
- Phuza, ushiya ingxenye yetiye.
- Thela amanzi futhi.
- Ukuphindaphinda kabili noma kathathu.
9. Ukugcinwa
Umkhuba weklasi. Emaphaketheni avaliwe, esiqandisini ku-0–5 °C, ngaphandle kokukhanya, umswakama namaphunga. Kungcono ukuphuza phakathi nonyaka.
10. Amanani Kanye Nemikhohlisi
Ayikho imininingwane ngamanani emithonjeni etholakele.
- Ugwema kanjani imikhohlisi:
- Bheka uphawu lokuhlola indawo № 10636089; ngokwesisekelo sesifundazwe, izinkampani eziyishumi zivunyelwe ukulusebenzisa.
- Qinisekisa ukuthi umkhiqizi uvela eJinyun County.
- Iqabunga ligolide eliphuzi nokuluhlaza, itiye liluhlaza ngokuthambile nokukhanya okusagolide.
- Ungadidanisi netiye eliphuzi ngeklasi: iJinyun Huangcha ayinayo i-men huang.
11. Amaqiniso Athakazelisayo
- Zonke izihlahla zohlobo 中黄2号 zivela kusiguli esisodwa esivela engadini yesigodi.
- Iqabunga liphuzi entwasahlobo nasekwindla kuphela, ehlobo liphenduka luhlaza.
- Uphawu lwabhaliswa ngaphambi kokuba uhlobo luqinisekiswe: uphawu ngo-2014, uhlobo ngo-2015.
- Uhlobo lwaseJinyun lwasakazwa kwezinye izifundazwe; ngokwesibonelo, lusetshenziswa nakuGuangyuan Huangcha eSichuan.
12. Ukuqhathaniswa Namanye Amatiye Anamaqabunga Akhanyayo
- Anji Baicha (安吉白茶): Itiye eliluhlaza elivela ohlotsheni olunamaqabunga amhlophe 白叶一号; isicupho segama elifanayo, kuphela ngo “mhlophe”.
- Anji Huangjin Ya (安吉黄金芽): Itiye eliluhlaza elinamaqabunga aphuzi laseAnji County enyakatho yeZhejiang.
- Guangyuan Huangcha (广元黄茶): Itiye eliluhlaza elinamaqabunga aphuzi laseSichuan elivela ezinhlotsheni 中黄1号 kanye no 中黄2号.
- Junshan Yinzhen (君山银针): Itiye eliphuzi langempela eline-men huang, ukuze kube nomehluko.
Ekuphetheni:
IJinyun Huangcha itiye eliluhlaza elibizwa ngokuthi liphuzi ngenxa yombala weqabunga. Umthombo walo isiguli esisodwa esivela engadini yesigodi saseShanghu, esaphenduka uhlobo 中黄2号: amahlumela entwasahlobo anombala kabhekilanga, ama-amino acid ezintweni ezingavuthiwe afinyelela ku-8,3 %, ukunambitheka okuthambile nokusha kanye nokukhanya okusagolide etiyeni eliluhlaza. Uphawu luvikela igama kusukela ngo-2014.
Imithombo
Inkomba yendawo
Uhlu oluphelele — ekhasini elithi Imithombo