Měnghǎi Zhānglǎng chá

I-Menghai Zhanglang Cha (Měnghǎi Zhānglǎng chá, 勐海章朗茶) wuphawu lwendawo etiyeni lasemzaneni wamaBulang iZhanglang (章朗) esifundeni saseBada esifundazweni saseMenghai, esifundazweni esizimele saseXishuangbanna-Dai, esifundazweni saseYunnan. Imibhalo yetiye ibiza iZhanglang ngokuthi umzana omkhulu kunayo yonke wamaBulang eXishuangbanna, lapho amasiko amaBulang agcinwe kahle kakhulu; igama lawo inganekwane ilithatha enganekwaneni yendlovu emhlophe. Isigaba somkhiqizo umqulu wophawu awusisho; izincazelo zikhuluma ngepu’er evela ezihlahleni ezindala.

1. Ukuhlukaniswa kanye Nemvelaphi

Uhlobo: Akusunguliwe: umqulu wophawu awusisho isigaba. Kusukela ezintweni ezingavuthiwe zamaqabunga amakhulu zaseMenghai kwenziwa ngokuyinhloko isheng pu’er (生普, shēngpǔ), kodwa futhi netiye elibomvu nelimhlophe. Imibhalo yetiye ichaza itiye laseZhanglang njengepu’er.
Isigaba: Itiye lezingadi ezindala zaseMenghai; uphawu lwendawo. Uhlu alulucacisanga uhlobo, kanti abezindaba babiza izimpawu zesifundazwe ngokuthi eziqinisekisayo (证明商标).
Imvelaphi: I-China, isifundazwe saseYunnan (云南, Yúnnán), isifundazwe esizimele saseXishuangbanna-Dai (西双版纳, Xīshuāngbǎnnà), isifundazwe saseMenghai (勐海县, Měnghǎi Xiàn), isigodi saseXiding (西定哈尼族布朗族乡, Xīdìng), umzana waseZhanglang — ngokwezincazelo, eningizimu yesikhungo sesigodi. Isigodi saseBada sahlanganiswa neXiding ngo-2005.
Indawo evikelwe: Uhlu lubala isifundazwe saseMenghai njengesiqhebezo sokuphatha sowuphawu; umngcele wendawo osemthethweni angiwuqinisekisanga.
Izixhumanisi zendawo: Izixhumanisi eziqondile emithonjeni etholakalayo azikho. Isifundazwe saseMenghai siphakathi kuka-21°28′ no-22°28′ N no-99°56′ no-100°41′ E; iBada iyingxenye yaso esentshonalanga, kanti entshonalanga naseningizimu isifundazwe sinomngcele neMyanmar.

2. Umlando kanye Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko

Umlando:
- Ubudala bomzana. Izincazelo zinika iZhanglang iminyaka engaphezu kwe-1400 — kanjalo, ngokwamazwi abo, kubhalwe etsheni lesonto lomzana. Ngokomunye umlando, okhokho bamaBulang bahlala lapha cishe eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane ezimbili edlule futhi baqamba indawo ngokuthi iJingsang (景桑) — «lapho kwakuhlala okhokho». Imibhalo yalolo suku noma lelo suku angizange ngiyibone.
- Inganekwane yendlovu emhlophe. Iyindawo yayo ebhalwe entsheni yesonto lendlovu emhlophe (白象古寺). Ngokwenganekwane, eminyakeni eyi-1365 edlule umfundi kaBuddha wayehamba ngenteshumayelo endlovu emhlophe. Indlovu yagubha umhlabathi, kwagqama umthombo — «umthombo wendlovu»; lapho indlovu yalala futhi yaqala ukunqekuzisa ikhanda, umfundi wasungula isonto nomzana futhi waqamba ngokuthi iZhanglang — «indawo lapho indlovu yayima khona». Ezinye izincazelo ziyinyeza ngendlela ehlukile inganekwane: indlovu yahlaselwa yimvula eneqhwa nesanquma, yabanda futhi ayikwazanga ukuqhubeka, kanti igama lihunyushwa ngokuthi «umzana lapho indlovu yabanda khona». Esontweni kugcinwa imiqulu engaphezu kwekhulu yezincwadi ezingcwele emaqabungeni esundu (贝叶经, bèiyèjīng).
- UbuBuddha. Umbhalo lapho kubhalwe khona umbhalo osetsheni, uthi ubuBuddha beTheravada baba inkolo evamile yamaBulang eminyakeni engaba ngamakhulu amabili edlule — lokhu akuhambisani kahle nenganekwane yesonto lasendulo.
- Izimpawu zaseMenghai. Uphawu olungaphansi lwegama elithi «勐海茶» lwafakwa ngo-2012 yisikhungo setiye sesifundazwe, lwabhaliswa ngo-2014, lwaqala ukusetshenziswa ngo-2016. Ohlwini lwezimpawu zeGI zaseYunnan ekupheleni kuka-2019 kuye kwalandela izimpawu eziyishumi nanhlanu ngezintaba nemizana, okuhlanganisa ne-「勐海章朗茶」. Abezindaba bango-2022 bakhuluma ngezimpawu eziyishumi nesithupha zesifundazwe — ziningi kangako izimpawu zetiye zaseMenghai ohlwini, uma kubalwa nophawu olungaphansi.
Igama: Ngokwenganekwane yesonto, «Zhanglang» (章朗) lisho «indawo lapho indlovu yayima khona»; ngokomunye umbhalo — «umzana lapho indlovu yabanda khona». «Menghai» (勐海) yigama lesifundazwe, «cha» (茶) itiye.
Ukubaluleka kwamasiko: EXishuangbanna kuvamile ukuthi kuthiwe itiye lapha laqala ukutshalwa ngamaBulang: lapho behlala khona, kukhona nezingadi ezindala. Engomeni yokhokho bamaBulang iqhawe-khokho uBayanleng (叭岩冷) lishiyela inzalo izindlu nezihlahla zetiye — «induku yokuphila».

3. Incazelo Yezitshalo Kanye Nezinto Ezingavuthiwe

Uhlobo / Cultivar: Itiye lendawo elinamaqabunga amakhulu; uhlobo emithonjeni etholakalayo alubizwanga. Izincazelo zehlukanisa eduze komzana izihlahla zasendle nezitshaliwe: ezasendle zikhula ehlathini elizungeze umzana, ezeshaliwe zikhula zingamaqoqo phakathi kwezihlahla ezinkulu zasehlathini.
Iqabunga: I-elliptic, enobuso obuyimbumba, igobile noma igoqiwe ngaphakathi, ithambile; ichopho licijile kancane noma linomsila ocijile, isisekelo sinciphile. Umbala weqabunga izincazelo ziwubiza ngezindlela ezahlukene: uphuzi-luhlaza noma uluhlaza okotshani.
Ukuvuna: Izikhathi emithonjeni etholakalayo azikasho. Izihlahla zinde: izincazelo zithi ukuya eqabungeni kukhuphukele ngezitebhisi zoqalo, kanti umbhali oyedwa uchaza indlela abalimi abakhwela ngayo ezihlahleni ehlathini.
Indinganiso yokuvuna: Emithonjeni etholakalayo ayinikeziwe.
Izidingo zezinto ezingavuthiwe: Izidingo zophawu angizibonanga.

4. I-Terroir kanye Nezici Zokutshala

Isifunda: Isifunda saseBada entshonalanga yesifundazwe saseMenghai, emngceleni neMyanmar; izingadi zizungeza umzana futhi zingena ehlathini ngemuva kwawo.
Ukuphakama kokukhula: Izincazelo azivumelani: umzana usem 1330 m noma, ngokwezinye izincazelo, ngaphezu kwe-1600 m.
Isimo sezulu: Ngokwencazelo lapho kubhalwe ukuphakama okungu-1330 m, — izinga lokushisa lonyaka eliphakathi nendawo lingu-21,5 °C, imvula ingu-1530 mm ngonyaka. Esifundeni saseBada jikelele izincazelo zibiza izinga lokushisa lonyaka eliphakathi nendawo cishe elingu-20 °C, kanti eManmai engeyomakhelwane — izinsuku eziyi-126 zenkungu ngonyaka.
Inhlabathi: Esifundeni saseBada izincazelo zibiza inhlabathi ephuzi-nsundu nephuzi (黄棕壤、黄壤); ngokuqondile eZhanglang akukho mininingwane.
Ubukhulu: Izilinganiso azivumelani: ngaphezu kwe-500 mu, ngaphezu kwe-700 mu (izingadi ezinkulu kunazo zonke zaseBada) noma cishe i-1000 mu, okuyingxenye enkulu yazo eyahlala ishiyiwe isikhathi eside. Zonke izingadi ezindala zaseBada ezizungeze iZhanglang, iManmaidui neManpale izincazelo zilinganisela cishe ku-3451 mu.

5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza

Ubuchwepheshe betiye elingaphansi kophawu emithonjeni etholakalayo abuchazwanga. Ekuphuzeni i-sheng pu’er evela ezihlahleni ezindala ukulandelana okuvamile yilokhu:

Ukuvuna (采摘, cǎizhāi).
Ukupholisa iqabunga (摊晾, tānliàng).
Ukulungisa ebhodweni (杀青, shāqīng).
Ukusonteka (揉捻, róuniǎn).
Ukomisa elangeni (晒干, shàigān): Kwenzeka imaocha exegayo (晒青毛茶, shàiqīng máochá).
Ukucindezela (紧压, jǐnyā): Akudingekile.

Lesi yisikimu esijwayelekile sesigaba, hhayi incazelo yobuchwepheshe beMenghai Zhanglang Cha.

6. Izici Ze-Organoleptic

Izincazelo ezingezansi abashicileli betiye nabadayisi bazi nika ngepu’er evela ezihlahleni ezindala zaseZhanglang; emkhiqizweni ongaphansi kophawu akukho muntu ozihlanganise ngokusemthethweni.

Ukubukeka kweqabunga elomile: Lisontwe ngobunono, limnyama futhi licwebezela (条索紧结黑亮).
Iphunga leqabunga elomile: Azikho izincazelo emithonjeni etholakalayo.
Iphunga lempushana: Inothi elinamandla «lezintaba nehlathi» (山野气强); iphunga, ngokwezincazelo, libambelela phansi enkomishini. Libizwa ngokuthi iphunga lezimbali noju, eligqamile futhi eliphakeme (花蜜香显著而高扬), kweminye imibhalo — linamanothi eplamu noju (梅子香、蜜香).
UkuNambitheka: Izincazelo ziyaphikisana. Enye: ubuhlungu nobuncishi kuyabonakala, empushaneni kukhona ubumnandi, «amandla etiye» anamandla. Enye: impushana imnene futhi igcwele, ithambile futhi ishelela, ubuhlungu bunamandla, ubuncishi buncane, ubumnandi obubuyayo abufiki ngokushesha, kodwa buhlala isikhathi eside. Eyesithathu iqhathanisa itiye nelaseBulangshan: ubuhlungu obuncane ekujuleni kolimi nolangeni, umzimba unamanzi kakhudlwana, ngemuva kokuthululela kwesithathu impushana iba mnene, kanti olimini kuhlala ukubanda. Ubani onobuqiniso, ngezincazelo akunakwenzeka ukucaciseka.
Umbala wempushana: Uphuzi wegolide, okhanyayo (汤色金黄明亮).
Isisekelo setiye (iqabunga eliphekiwe): Kuphuzi-luhlaza, kulingana (叶底黄绿匀齐); komunye umbhalo — kuphuzi-luhlaza noma ophuzi, uthambile futhi ulingana, imiqumbe namaqabunga kuhlala esiqweni.

7. Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali

Imininingwane yemizamo yamakhemikhali emithonjeni etholakalayo ayikho.

8. Ukwenza Itiye

Isenzo sesigaba. Uphawu alusisho isigaba; izinkomba ezingezansi ezesheng pu’er, itiye laseZhanglang elichazwa ngayo emibhalweni yetiye.

Izinga lokushisa lamanzi: 95–100 °C.
Inani letiye: 5–8 g ngo-110–150 ml.
Izitsha: Igaiwan noma i-teapot yobumba.
Inqubo:
1. Shisisa izitsha.
2. Faka itiye; elicindezelwe — lihlephule ngokucophelela, ungalichobozi iqabunga.
3. Geza ngesikhashana iqabunga ngamanzi abilayo bese uwachitha.
4. Izimpushana zokuqala — imizuzwana eyi-10–15.
5. Yithululela ngokuphelele.
6. Yandisa isikhathi ngokuthululela ngakunye.

9. Ukugcina

Isenzo sesigaba. I-sheng pu’er igcinwa endaweni eyomile, ehlanzekile, enomoya ngaphandle kokukhanya namaphunga angaphandle, ekupakishweni okuphefumulayo. Leli tiye lishintsha ngokuhamba kweminyaka, futhi ngokuvamile liyagcinwa ngamabomu.

10. Intengo Kanye Nokukhwabanisa

Imininingwane yamanani emithonjeni etholakalayo ayikho.

Ukwazi ukugwema ukukhwabanisa:
- Bheka uphawu «勐海章朗茶» futhi uqinisekise ukuthi umkhiqizi uvela esifundazweni saseMenghai.
- Khumbula ukuthi esifundeni saseBada kukhona nezinye izimpawu — «勐海贺松茶» ne-「勐海巴达曼迈茶」: «itiye laseBada» alisho ukuthi «itiye laseZhanglang».
- Qhathanisa ukubukeka nezincazelo: iqabunga elimnyama eliminyene, impushana ephuzi yegolide.

11. Amaqiniso Athakazelisayo

Igama lomzana, ngokwenganekwane yesonto, lisho «indawo lapho indlovu yayima khona», kanti umzana unomthombo wendlovu.
Esontweni lendlovu emhlophe kugcinwa izincwadi ezingcwele emaqabungeni esundu.
Encwadini yemizana edumile, okusekelwe kuyo i-encyclopedia yethu, iBada ibhalwe ndawonye neZhanglang, nephrofayili ethi «umlingiswa wezintaba nehlathi, ukuminyana» (山野气, 厚).
Esifundeni esifanayo saseBada, eduze komzana waseHesong, kwakukhula isihlahla setiye sasendle esidala ngaphezu kweminyaka eyi-1700; sawa ngo-2012.

12. Ukuqhathanisa namatiye angomakhelwane

I-Menghai Bada Manmai Cha (勐海巴达曼迈茶): Uphawu lomzana wamaBulang ongomakhelwane esifundeni esifanayo saseBada.
I-Qianjiazhai neBada (千家寨 · 巴达): Isihloko se-encyclopedia yethu ngezihlahla zasendle zokhokho; iBada kusona ixhumene neZhanglang.
I-Bulangshan (布朗山): Indawo enkulu eningizimu-mpumalanga yesifundazwe; enye incazelo iqhathanisa ukunambitheka kwetiye laseZhanglang nayo.
I-Menghai (勐海): Isifundazwe nophawu olungaphansi.

Ekuphetheni:

I-Menghai Zhanglang Cha wuphawu lomzana omkhulu kunayo yonke wamaBulang eXishuangbanna onesonto lendlovu emhlophe, izincwadi ezingcwele emaqabungeni esundu nezingadi ezindala ehlathini. Kuncane okwaziwayo: ukuphakama okungu-1330 m noma, ngokwezinye izincazelo, ngaphezu kwe-1600 m, impushana ephuzi yegolide nephunga lezimbali noju. Ekunambithekeni izincazelo azivumelani, kanti isigaba somkhiqizo uphawu alusisho.