Měnghǎi Bādá Mànmài chá

IMenghai Bada Manmai Cha (Měnghǎi Bādá Mànmài chá, 勐海巴达曼迈茶) wuphawu lwendawo lwetiye, egameni lalo kuhlanganiswe isifunda sase-Bada (巴达) kanye neManmai (曼迈) esifundeni saseMenghai, eSishuangbanna-Dai Autonomous Prefecture, esifundazweni saseYunnan. IBada yindawo enezintaba entshonalanga yesifunda, eyaziwa ngezivande ezindala zamadolobhana amaBulang kanye nesihlahla sasendle esawa ngo-2012. Ukuthi uphawu lusho yiphi indawo, umbhalo awusho: ezincazelweni zesifunda saseBada kukhulunywa ngedolobhana iManmai kanye nedolobhana lamaBulang iManmaidui (曼迈兑). Ukuhlobana kwendawo nalezi zindawo kungenzeka, kodwa akuqinisekiswanga umbhalo. Uphawu alusho isigaba somkhiqizo.

1. Ukuhlukaniswa kanye Nemvelaphi

Uhlobo: Akunqunywanga: umbhalo wophawu awusho isigaba. Ngokusetshenziswa kwamaqabunga amakhulu aseMenghai kwenziwa ikakhulukazi isheng pu’er (生普, shēngpǔ), kodwa futhi netiye elibomvu nelimhlophe. Itiye lasesifundeni saseBada lichazwa yizincwadi zetiye njengepu’er.
Isigaba: Itiye lezivande ezindala zaseMenghai; uphawu lwendawo. Uhlu aluluchazi uhlobo lwalo, kanti abezindaba babiza izimpawu zesifunda njengezimpawu zokuqinisekisa (证明商标).
Imvelaphi: IShayina, isifundazwe saseYunnan (云南, Yúnnán), iSishuangbanna-Dai Autonomous Prefecture (西双版纳, Xīshuāngbǎnnà), isifunda saseMenghai (勐海县, Měnghǎi Xiàn). Isifunda saseBada singaphansi kwesigodi saseXiding (西定哈尼族布朗族乡, Xīdìng): ngo-2005 kwahlanganiswa naso isigodi saseBada, kanti iManmai, ebikade ingaphansi kweBada, manje ibalwa ngaphansi kweXiding.
Indawo yokuvikela: Uhlu lukhomba isifunda saseMenghai njengengxenye yokuphatha yomnikazi wophawu. Umngcele wezomthetho wendawo angiwuhlolanga; ukuhlobanisa igama neManmai noma nedolobhana iManmaidui kungenzeka, kodwa akuqinisekiswanga umbhalo.
Izixhumanisi zendawo: Ngedolobhana iManmai incazelo eyodwa inikeza u-21°49′ N no-100°02′ E. Izixhumanisi zeManmaidui azikho emithonjeni etholakele. Isifunda saseMenghai siphakathi kuka-21°28′ no-22°28′ N kanye naphakathi kuka-99°56′ no-100°41′ E; iBada yingxenye yaso esentshonalanga.

2. Umlando Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko

Umlando:
- IManmaidui. Ngokwencazelo, lona idolobhana elikhulu lamaBulang elisemakhilomitheni angaphezu kwamashumi amabili ukusuka eZhanglang, linamakhaya angu-114. Izakhamuzi zalandisa ukuthi eminyakeni engaba ngu-40 ngaphambi kokulotshwa kwencazelo, kwakunama-mu angaphezu kwenkulungwane ezivande ezindala ezizungeze idolobhana, kodwa kwasele cishe ingxenye yawo.
- Isihlahla esiyinzalamizi saseBada. Edolobhaneni iHesong (贺松) ngo-Okthoba 1961 (kwezinye izincazelo ngo-1962) kwatholakala isihlahla setiye sasendle esinobude obungu-32,12 m; isiphepho sango-1967 sashiya kuso u-14,7 m. Iminyaka yaso yalinganiselwa ngaphezu kwe-1700. Ngo-2012 isihlahla safa ngenxa yokuguga. Sasikhule eHesong, hhayi eManmai, kodwa yisona esadumisa iBada.
- Izimpawu zaseMenghai. Uphawu oluphethe oluthi «勐海茶» lwafakwa isicelo ngo-2012 yisikhungo setiye sesifunda, lwabhaliswa ngo-2014, lwaqala ukusetshenziswa ngo-2016. Ohlwini lwezimpawu ze-GI zaseYunnan ekupheleni kuka-2019 ngemva kwalo kulandela izimpawu eziyishumi nanhlanu zezintaba namadolobhana, ezisuka esifundeni saseBada kukhona «勐海章朗茶», «勐海贺松茶» kanye ne«勐海巴达曼迈茶». Abezindaba bango-2022 bakhuluma ngezimpawu eziyishumi nesithupha zesifunda, okuyinombolo efanayo yezimpawu zetiye zaseMenghai ohlwini, uma kubalwa nophawu oluphethe.
Igama:
- «Bada» (巴达) yigama lendawo enezintaba kanye nesigodi sangaphambili; ngokwencazelo eyodwa, ngolimi lwesiBulang lisho «indawo lapho kwasala khona umkhondo womuntu ongafi».
- «Manmai» (曼迈) incazelo yegama ayichazwanga emithonjeni etholakele. Emagameni endawo avela olimini lwesiDai «man» (曼) lisho «idolobhana».
Ukubaluleka kwamasiko: IManmai neManmaidui ngamadolobhana amaBulang; eManmai, ngokwencazelo, kunemindeni engaphezu kwekhulu. Izivande ezindala zaseBada ezilinyiweyo izincazelo zizihlobanisa ikakhulukazi namadolobhana amaBulang.

3. Incazelo Yezitshalo Kanye Nezinto Ezingavuthiwe

Uhlobo / I-Cultivar: Itiye lendawo elinamaqabunga amakhulu lezivande ezindala; uhlobo alushiwongo emithonjeni etholakele.
Izihlahla ezindala: Ngokwencazelo, eManmai izihlahla ezindala zikhula ikakhulukazi ehlathini ngemuva kwedolobhana, lapho izitshalo eziphansi zingacachwanga khona; izihlahla zinjengezihlahla, ngokuvamile zinde kuno-2 m, kuningi itiye elinamaqabunga amakhulu, kukhona nelincane elinamaqabunga amancane. Izivande zaseManmaidui ziseduze nedolobhana futhi zisuka emgwaqweni ziye phezulu ethambekeni.
Ukuvuna: Izikhathi azishiwongo emithonjeni etholakele.
Izinga lokuvuna: Alikashiwongo emithonjeni etholakele.
Izidingo zezinto ezingavuthiwe: Izincazelo zibiza izivande ezindala zaseBada ezizungeze amadolobhana amaBulang iZhanglang, iManmaidui kanye neManpale (曼帕勒), cishe ama-mu angu-3451. Izidingo zophawu angizibonanga.

4. I-Terroir Kanye Nezici Zokutshala

Isifunda: Ingxenye esentshonalanga yesifunda saseMenghai; entshonalanga naseningizimu isifunda sinomngcele neMyanmar.
Ukuphakama kokutshala: Idolobhana iManmai, ngokwencazelo eyodwa, lisendaweni ephakeme ngo-1560 m; ukuphakama kwezivande akushiwongo ngokwehlukileyo.
Inhlabathi: Insundu ngokubomvu kanye nephuzi (黄棕壤、黄壤), yileyo ndlela izincwadi zetiye ezichaza ngayo inhlabathi yakho konke okuseBada kanye nendawo ezungeze iManmai. Enye incazelo ibiza inhlabathi yaseManmai njengensundu ngokubomvu enamatye (紫红羊矸石土); ukungafani angikuxazululanga.
Isimo sezulu: Kufudumele futhi kunomswakama. Ngokwezincazelo, eManmai inkungu ihlala izinsuku ezingafika ku-126 ngonyaka; izinga lokushisa eliphakathi lonyaka lesifunda saseBada izincazelo zilibiza cishe ngo-20 °C.
Ihlathi: EHesong, ngokocwaningo lwesifundazwe nesifunda lwango-2004 njengoba luchazwa yizincwadi zetiye, kunama-mu angaphezu kwe-6000 emiphakathi yetiye lasendle.

5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza

Ubucwepheshe betiye elingaphansi kophawu abuchazwanga emithonjeni etholakele. Kusheng pu’er evela ezihlahleni ezindala ukulandelana okuvamile yilokhu:

Ukuvuna (采摘, cǎizhāi).
Ukupholisa iqabunga (摊晾, tānliàng).
Ukulungisa ebhodweni (杀青, shāqīng).
Ukusonta (揉捻, róuniǎn).
Ukomisa elangeni (晒干, shàigān): Kutholakala i-maocha evundlile (晒青毛茶, shàiqīng máochá).
Ukucindezela (紧压, jǐnyā): Akudingeki.

Lena indlela evamile yesigaba, hhayi incazelo yobuchwepheshe beMenghai Bada Manmai Cha.

6. Izici Ze-Organoleptic

Azikho izincazelo zetiye elingaphansi kwalolu phawu. Ngezansi kunencazelo evamile yetiye laseBada ngokwencazelo yencwadi yetiye; ayikaze ihlotshaniswe neManmai noma nomkhiqizo ongaphansi kophawu.

Ukubukeka kweqabunga elomile: Lisontekile ngokuqinile, limnyama futhi licwebezela (条索黑亮紧结).
Iphunga leqabunga elomile: Azikho izincazelo emithonjeni etholakele.
Iphunga lomhluzo: Lihlanzekile futhi licacile, linothi elinamandla lezintaba nehlathi; iphunga lihlala phansi enkomishini (香气纯正明显，山野气强，杯底香强且持久).
Ukunambitheka: Ubuhlungu nobunzima kuyaqapheleka, kodwa emhluzweni kukhona ubumnandi; ukubuya okumnandi kushesha, umhluzo ugcwele futhi ubushelelezi, amandla etiye aqaphelekile (苦涩较显，汤中带甜，回甘较快较好，汤较饱满滑顺，茶气较强).
Umbala womhluzo: Usagolide ophuzi, okhanyayo (汤色金黄明亮).
Ingaphansi (iqabunga elithelelwe): Liphuzi ngokuluhlaza, lilingene (叶底黄绿匀整).

7. Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali

Ayikho imininingwane ye-physicochemical emithonjeni etholakele.

8. Ukuphisa

Umkhuba wesigaba. Uphawu alusho isigaba; izinkombandlela ezingezansi ngezesheng pu’er, okuyilo tiye lasesifundeni saseBada elichazwa ngalo ezincwadini zetiye.

Izinga lokushisa lamanzi: 95–100 °C.
Inani letiye: 5–8 g ku-110–150 ml.
Isitsha: Igaiwan noma i-teapot yobumba.
Inqubo:
1. Shisisa isitsha.
2. Faka itiye; elicindezelweyo, likhiphe ngokucophelela, ungalicobozeli iqabunga.
3. Geza iqabunga kafushane ngamanzi abilayo bese ukuchitha.
4. Imihluzo yokuqala, imizuzwana engu-10–15.
5. Thela konke ngokuphelele.
6. Yandisa isikhathi ngaso sonke isikhathi sokuthela.

9. Ukugcinwa

Umkhuba wesigaba. Isheng pu’er igcinwa endaweni eyomile, ehlanzekile, enomoya omuhle, engenakho ukukhanya kanye namaphunga angaphandle, ekupakisheni okuphefumulayo. Leli tiye liyashintsha ngeminyaka, futhi livame ukugcinwa ngamabomu.

10. Intengo Kanye Nemikhiqizo Engamanga

Ayikho imininingwane ngezintengo emithonjeni etholakele.

Ugwema kanjani imikhiqizo engamanga:
- Bheka uphawu oluthi «勐海巴达曼迈茶» futhi uqinisekise ukuthi umkhiqizi uvela esifundeni saseMenghai.
- Buza ngendawo: uphawu alusho idolobhana noma ikomidi lasemaphandleni, kanti itiye laseBada alisho ukuthi itiye laseManmai, esifundeni kukhona nezinye izimpawu, «勐海章朗茶» kanye ne«勐海贺松茶».
- Ungakholwa kalula «itiye lesihlahla esiyinzalamizi saseBada»: isihlahla esidumile saseHesong sawa ngo-2012.

11. Amaqiniso Athakazelisayo

Igama elithi Bada, ngokwencazelo eyodwa, lisho ngolwimi lwesiBulang «indawo lapho kwasala khona umkhondo womuntu ongafi».
Umgwaqo osuka eManmaidui uya esikhungweni sesigodi iXiding, ongaphezu kwamakhilomitha angu-20 phakathi kwezivande zetiye, incazelo iwubiza ngokuthi umgwaqo wokubuka izivande zetiye: ngasendleleni kunezindawo zokuthenga izinto zefektri yetiye yaseMenghai.
Isihlahla esidumile esiyinzalamizi saseBada, esakhula safinyelela ku-32 m, sasinhlanga eManmai, kodwa edolobhaneni elingumakhelwane iHesong.

12. Ukuqhathanisa Namatiye Angomakhelwane

IMenghai Zhanglang Cha (勐海章朗茶): Uphawu lwedolobhana elingumakhelwane lamaBulang esifundeni esifanayo saseBada.
IQianjiazhai neBada (千家寨 · 巴达): Isihloko se-encyclopedia yethu ngezihlahla zasendle eziyizinzalamizi, phakathi kwazo isihlahla saseBada.
IBulangshan (布朗山): Intaba eseningizimu-mpumalanga yesifunda; ukunambitheka kwetiye laseBada izincazelo zikuqhathanisa nokwaseBulangshan.
IMenghai (勐海): Isifunda kanye nophawu oluphethe.

Ekuphetheni:

IMenghai Bada Manmai Cha wuphawu, igama lalo likhomba indawo enezintaba iBada entshonalanga yesifunda kanye neManmai, kodwa ukuthi iyiphi indawo ngempela, umbhalo awusho. Amakheli okungenzeka ngamadolobhana amaBulang iManmai endaweni ephakeme cishe ngo-1560 m kanye neManmaidui enezivande ezindala eziseduze kwezindlu. Itiye laseBada lilonke lichazwa ngegqabi elimnyama eliqinile nomhluzo osagolide ophuzi onobuhlungu nobumnandi obubonakalayo; azikho izincazelo eziqinisekisiwe zomkhiqizo uqobo ngaphansi kophawu.