Yǒngshùn méichá · thetea.app

I-Yongshun Meicha (Yǒngshùn méichá, 永顺莓茶) yisiseli sokudla sasesifundeni sase-Yongshun (永顺县) e-Xiangxi Tujia nase-Miao Autonomous Prefecture enyakatho-ntshonalanga ye-Hunan. Isidalwa esisetshenziswayo akulona iqabunga letiye, kodwa amahlumela amancane kanye namaqabunga omvini we-显齿蛇葡萄 (Ampelopsis grossedentata); ngokolimi lwansuku zonke ubizwa ngokuthi “itiye lomvini” (藤茶, téngchá). Uphawu lomkhiqizo yisambulela esimhlophe-siliva eqabungeni elomile, “isithwathwa” (白霜, báishuāng): lokhu yi-dihydromyricetin ephume ngesikhathi sokucubungula. Igama livikelwe njengesibonakaliso sezolimo sokuma komhlaba kusukela ngo-2020 futhi njengomkhiqizo onesibonakaliso sokuma komhlaba kusukela ngo-2025.

1. Ukuhlukaniswa kanye Nemvelaphi

Uhlobo: Akulona itiye ngomqondo webhotani futhi akulona elinye lamakilasi ayisithupha etiye laseShayina; igama elithi 茶 egameni lingolwimi lwabantu.
Isigaba: Isiselo esingaveli esitshalweni setiye; isibonakaliso sezolimo (2020) kanye nomkhiqizo onesibonakaliso sokuma komhlaba (2025).
Isimo sokudla: Ngesimemezelo esingu-No. 16 samhla zingama-24 kuZibandlela 2013, ikomidi likahulumeni lezempilo lavuma iqabunga le-显齿蛇葡萄 njengesidalwa esisha sokudla, indlela yokusebenzisa ukuphisa. Umbiko wezindaba wokufakwa kwesitshalo ngo-2019 ohlwini “lwemithi nokudla okunomsuka owodwa” (药食同源) awuqinisekiswanga ngombhalo.
Imvelaphi: I-China, isifundazwe sase-Hunan (湖南, Húnán), isifunda sase-Xiangxi (湘西, Xiāngxī), isifunda sase-Yongshun.
Indawo evikelwe: Ngokwesimemezelo sika-2025 — imizana engu-122 ezifundeni eziyishumi nanye kanye namadolobhana: Maoba (毛坝乡), Runya (润雅乡), Wanping (万坪镇), Shouche (首车镇), Shaba (砂坝镇), Cheping (车坪乡), Wanmin (万民乡), Tawo (塔卧镇), Yanjing (盐井乡), Liangcha (两岔乡), Shidi (石堤镇).
Izixhumanisi zokuma komhlaba: 109°38′59″–110°13′34″ empumalanga, 28°55′40″–29°27′13″ enyakatho.

2. Umlando kanye Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko

Umlando:
- Inganekwane. Imithombo yezindaba yase-Hunan ibhala ukuthi ku-”Shijing” isitshalo sibizwa ngokuthi “i-hook-vine yasendulo yetiye” (古茶钩藤), ukuthi ngesikhathi sama-Tang sasiphuzwa njengomuthi, futhi ngesikhathi sama-Ming ababusi bendlalifa bama-tusi (土司) babesithumela enkantolo njengentela. Imithombo yokuqala yalezi zimangalo ayizange inikezwe ezintweni ezitholakele.
- Ama-1990. Ngokwe-Baidu reference, abalimi bashintsha ukusuka ekulungiseni emanzini abilayo (水煮杀青) baya ekulungiseni ebhodweni (锅炒杀青), futhi i-meicha yaphuma emakethe; ngokwe-”Hunan Daily”, ngo-1991 isifunda sasikhiqiza ngaphansi kwamatani amahlanu.
- 2005. Ngokwe-”Hunan Daily”, kusukela ngomhla zingama-25 kuNcwaba i-General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine ivikela njengomkhiqizo onesibonakaliso sokuma komhlaba igama elithi “溪州莓茶” — uphawu isifunda esasilidala ngo-2004. Ukuthi lolu hlelo luhlobana kanjani nolwamanje, akuchazwanga emithonjeni etholakele; ohlwini luka-2025 umugqa we-Yongshun meicha awusho lutho ngawo.
- 2015. Ubuchwepheshe bokwenza i-Tujia meicha bafakwa ohlwini lwesikhombisa lwamagugu angenakuthintwa — ngokombhalo owodwa ka-2023 wesifunda, ngokomunye walowo nyaka wesifundazwe.
- 2020. Ngomhla zingama-30 kuMbasa igama labhaliswa njengesibonakaliso sezolimo. Ngawo lowo nyaka kwavela amazinga amathathu endawo — omkhiqizo, wokutshala kanye nowokucubungula; imithetho yokukhiqiza yethulwa esidlangalaleni nguprofesa womnyango wetiye we-Hunan Agricultural University. Ngomhla ziyi-18 kuLwezi i-China Tea Marketing Association yanikeza isifunda isiqu “sekhaya letiye lasendulo” (中国古莓茶之乡).
- 2021. I-Hunan Tea Society yakhipha izinga leqembu T/HNTI 041-2021.
- 2025. Ngesimemezelo esingu-No. 640 se-State Intellectual Property Office (esasayinwa ngomhla ziyi-16 kuNtulikazi) igama laqashelwa njengomkhiqizo onesibonakaliso sokuma komhlaba, indawo engu-969 kwezingu-1409. Umfakisicelo yisiteshi sokuhlakaza ubuchwepheshe sezitshalo zobuchwepheshe besifunda.
Ukubaluleka kwamasiko: Ngokwe-”Red Net”, ukuthuthukiswa kwe-meicha, kuhlanganise nophawu lwe-”Sicheng gongcha” (司城贡茶), isifunda sakha phezu kwesiko lase-Laosicheng (老司城) — indawo yeGugu Lomhlaba; sezizwe zonke izinhlobo ze-meicha esifundeni, ngokwemininingwane yesifundazwe (2022), zingamashumi amabili.

3. Incazelo Yebhotani kanye Nezidalwa

Isitshalo: 显齿蛇葡萄 (xiǎnchǐ shépútáo, Ampelopsis grossedentata), uhlobo lwe-Ampelopsis lomndeni wamagilebhisi (葡萄科) — ngokwesimemezelo sika-2013. Umvini, hhayi isihlahla.
Uhlobo: Azikho izinhlobo ezibhalisiwe emithonjeni etholakele. Engadini yakudala yase-Maoba, ngokombiko wesifundazwe (2022), kukhula izinhlobo “ezinkulu ze-mei” (大莓), “ezincane ze-mei” (小莓) kanye nohlobo oluyivelakancane “olunsomi” (紫莓), kanye nezitshalo ezimbili ezineminyaka engaphezu kwengu-200.
Isizinda sasendle: Ama-mu angu-3000 e-meicha yasendle e-Maoba — “ibhange lofuzo” lendawo (“Red Net”, 2023); esifundeni sonke — ngaphezu kwama-mu angu-5000 (isifundazwe, 2022).
Ukuvuna: Ngokwezimfuneko — kusukela maphakathi noMbasa kuya ekupheleni kwawo, amahlumela onyaka wamanje angadluli ubude obungu-10 cm; esitshalweni kushiywa amaqabunga angu-2–3, iqabunga lithwalwa kubhasikidi bomoba abangenisa umoya.

4. I-Terroir kanye Nezici Zokutshala

Isifunda: Ingxenye emaphakathi yezintaba zase-Wulingshan (武陵山, Wǔlíng shān), izigodi zemifula i-Yuanshui ne-Lishui.
Ukuphakama kokutshala: 300–1000 m — ngokwezimfuneko zomkhiqizo; impahla eyodwa yokukhangisa ibiza u-500–1200 m.
Inhlabathi: Izihlabathi eziphuzi-bomvu ezivundile: izinto eziphilayo zingaphezu kuka-2.5 %, i-pH 4.5–7.5, ungqimba olungekho ngaphansi kwama-70 cm.
Ubuchwepheshe bezolimo ngokwezimfuneko: Izingodo ezivela emahlumeleni aqinile ezihlahleni ziqalwa ezindundumeni ngaphansi kwepulasitiki, zingekho ngaphezu kuka-3500 nge-mu; i-urea ayifakwa; ebusika isitshalo sinqunywa ku-40 cm, ngemva kweminyaka engu-8–10 yokuvuna ingadi itshalwa kabusha.

5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza

Uhlu lokusebenza ngokwezimfuneko zomkhiqizo ovikelwe:

Ukuphumula kweqabunga (鲜叶摊放, xiānyè tānfàng): Ngongqimba olucishe lube ngu-10 cm ngomoya, kuze kushabalale iphunga lotshani.
Ukulungisa (杀青, shāqīng): Kuze kube nesambulela esimhlophe esiningi, iqabunga libe phuzi futhi umswakama ube cishe ngu-50 %.
Ukugoqa (揉捻, róuniǎn): Iqabunga elishisayo livalwa esikhwameni sendwangu futhi liguqulwa ngomshini ngengcindezi emaphakathi kuze kuphume ijusi.
Ukuvubela (闷青, mènqīng): Izigaxa ziyahlukaniswa futhi ziphinde zigcinwe esikhwameni amahora angu-4–6, kuze kuvele isambulela.
Ukomisa kancane kanye “nokuveza isithwathwa” (摊晾起霜, tānliàng qǐshuāng): Emthunzini kuze kome ngo-60–70 %, bese kuba ngaphansi kwelanga elihlakazekile kuze kube ngu-80–90 %.
Ukuveza iphunga (提香, tíxiāng): Imizuzu engu-25 ku-80 °C, kuze umswakama ungadluli u-8 %.

Izinga leqembu lango-2021 libiza izigaba ngendlela ehlukile — ngokugazinga esigubhini (滚炒) kanye “nokuvubela kuze kube phuzi” (闷黄) — futhi lichaza isambulela ngokuphuma kwe-dihydromyricetin phezu kweqabunga.

6. Izici Zokuzwa

Incazelo — ngokwezimfuneko zomkhiqizo ovikelwe zika-2025.

Ukubukeka kweqabunga elomile: Imichilo emincane eqinile egoqiwe futhi elinganayo, lonke elimbozwe isambulela esimhlophe (条索紧细、卷曲、匀齐，白霜满披); ngokwezinga leqembu — imhlophe-siliva.
Iphunga leqabunga elomile: Ayikho incazelo ehlukile emithonjeni etholakele.
Iphunga lesiselo: Lihlanzekile, liphakeme futhi lide (香气清悦高长).
Ukunambitheka: Kugcwele, kuthambile, nobumnandi obubuyayo (滋味醇厚回甘).
Umbala wesiselo: Uphuzi, ukhanya futhi ucacile (汤色黄亮清澈).
Izinsalela zetiye (iqabunga eliphisiwe): Liphuzi ngobumnene futhi likhanya (叶底嫩黄明亮).

7. Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali

Izimfuneko zomkhiqizo: ama-flavonoids (黄酮) angaphansi kuka-3.5 %, i-dihydromyricetin (二氢杨梅素) ingaphansi kuka-25 %. I-dihydromyricetin ngokwayo ingeyama-flavonoids, ngakho ukuthi izinga layo elingaphezulu kuneloku jikelele kubukeka kuxakile; lokhu akuchazwanga embhalweni. Imininingwane nge-caffeine ayikho emithonjeni etholakele.

8. Izakhiwo Eziwusizo

Ayikho imininingwane eqinisekisiwe ngomphumela walo mkhiqizo ngqo. Izithembiso zokwelapha ezivela ezintweni zokukhangisa aziphindwanga lapha.

9. Ukuphisa

Umkhuba wekilasi. Azikho izindlela zalokhu kuphisa emithonjeni etholakele; ngezansi kukhona imingcele evamile yesiselo semifino esivela eqabungeni eligoqiwe.

Izinga lokushisa lamanzi: 90–100 °C.
Inani: 2–3 g nge-150–200 ml.
Izitsha: Ingilazi yengilazi, i-gaiwan noma itiye le-porcelain.
Inqubo: Isiselo sokuqala — imizuzu engu-2–3, bese kuba nokuthelwa okuningana ngokwengeza isikhathi.

10. Ukugcina

Umkhuba wekilasi. Izimfuneko zibeka ukupakishwa okuvalekile nokuhlanzekile ngaphandle kwephunga langaphandle, ukuvikelwa ekukhanyeni nasemswakameni kanye nezinga lokushisa legumbi. Isambulela esimhlophe siyisici sesidalwa, hhayi isikhunta.

11. Intengo Kanye Nemikhiqizo Yomgunyathi

Awekho amanani okudayisa emithonjeni etholakele. Isikali ngokwemibiko esemthethweni sakhula ngokushesha: ama-mu angu-61,000 kanye namatani angu-915 ngo-2022 (isifundazwe), ngaphezu kwama-mu angu-110,000, amatani angu-2100 kanye nama-yuan acishe abe yizigidi ezingama-700 ngo-2023 (imithombo yezindaba yase-Hunan).

Indlela yokugwema imikhiqizo yomgunyathi:
- Bheka uphawu lomkhiqizo onesibonakaliso sokuma komhlaba kanye nokubhalwa kwesibonakaliso sezolimo; ngo-2023 izindawo zokukhiqiza zazimakwe ngezingcwecwe ezifanayo.
- Qinisekisa ukuthi umkhiqizi ungomunye wezifunda eziyishumi nanye noma amadolobhana endawo: isiphuzo esivela emvinini ofanayo senziwa nasesifundeni sase-Zhangjiajie, kanye nasesifundeni sase-Laifeng e-Hubei.

12. Amaqiniso Athokozisayo

Isimemezelo esisodwa esingu-No. 640 saqaphela ama-meicha amabili ase-Hunan: i-茅岩莓茶 yase-Zhangjiajie (indawo engu-916) kanye ne-Yongshun (indawo engu-969).
Isambulela ezimfunekweni yisilinganiso senqubo: ukuvela kwaso kusho ukuthi ukulungisa nokuvubela kwenziwe ngendlela efanele.

13. Ukuqhathanisa Nezinye Iziselo Ezingaveli Esihlahleni Setiye

I-Laifeng Tengcha (来凤藤茶): Isiselo esivela emvinini ofanayo esifundeni sase-Enshi esifundazweni sase-Hubei; ngemva kokugoqa iqabunga ligcinwa enqwabeni ngaphansi kwepulasitiki.
I-Maoyan Meicha (茅岩莓茶): I-meicha evela emvinini ofanayo esifundeni sase-Yongding esifundeni esingumakhelwane sase-Zhangjiajie.
I-Zhangjiajie Cha (张家界茶): Itiye langempela lesifunda esingumakhelwane; kanye nalo kubhaliswe uphawu lwe-”张家界莓茶” esiphuzweni esivela emvinini ofanayo.
I-Xupu Yaocha (溆浦瑶茶): “Itiye elimnandi” lase-Hunan elivela emaqabungeni esihlahla somndeni wama-beech, nawo umkhiqizo onesibonakaliso sokuma komhlaba.

Ekuphetheni:

I-Yongshun Meicha yisiselo somvini sezintaba zase-Tujia Wulingshan, esingenalo nelilodwa iqabunga letiye, kodwa sinombhalo ovikelayo onemininingwane: indawo yezifunda eziyishumi nanye, ukusikwa kwezingodo, ukuvunwa kwamahlumela angu-10 cm, ukuvubela esikhwameni kanye nezinga le-dihydromyricetin. “Isithwathwa” esimhlophe-siliva emichilweni egoqiwe kanye nesiselo esiphuzi esicacile nobumnandi obubuyayo yizimpawu zaso. Leli “yitiye” ngomqondo womphakathi wegama, futhi akufanele lilinganiswe ngezilinganiso zetiye.

Imithombo

Amazinga

T/HNTI 041-2021

Uhlu oluphelele — ekhasini elithi Imithombo