I-Changjiajie Cha (Zhāngjiājiè chá, 张家界茶) yigama lesifunda letiye esifundeni sedolobha i-Zhangjiajie enyakatho-ntshonalanga yesifundazwe sase-Hunan. Akulona uhlobo noma ikilasi, kodwa wuphawu lwesitifiketi sezindawo, olwabhaliswa mhla ziyisi-7 kuMbasa 2021 kanye no-”张家界莓茶”; iziphathimandla zesifunda zilawula kokubili njengebhangqa le-”两茶” — “amatiye amabili”. Isizindalwazi sezinkomba zezindawo sichaza ngaphansi kwaleli gama amakilasi amabili — itiye eliluhlaza nelibomvu — futhi sithi indawo yonke yesifunda. Uphawu lwesibili lwebhangqa aluhlobene netiye: i-莓茶 yenziwa ngesitshalo Ampelopsis grossedentata, hhayi ngesihlahla setiye. Ilungelo lokufaka uphawu “lwe-张家界茶” emaphaketheni ekupheleni kuka-2023 latholwa izinkampani eziyi-11.
1. Ukuhlukaniswa kanye nemvelaphi
- Uhlobo: Akukho kilasi elilodwa. Isizindalwazi sezinkomba sinikeza ngaphansi kophawu olulodwa incazelo yetiye eliluhlaza (绿茶, lǜchá) nelibomvu (红茶, hóngchá). Ukunikeza leli gama ikilasi elilodwa kungaba ukufaka esikhundleni.
- Isigaba: Uphawu lwesitifiketi sezindawo lwesifunda; ibhangqa le-”两茶” kanye no-”张家界莓茶”.
- Imvelaphi: I-China, isifundazwe sase-Hunan (湖南, Húnán), isifunda sedolobha i-Zhangjiajie (张家界, Zhāngjiājiè).
- Indawo: Isizindalwazi sezinkomba sithi indawo iyiyo yonke indawo yamanje yesifunda sedolobha. Idokhumenti yophawu enohlu lwezigodi angikaze ngiyibone.
- Indlela yokuvikela: Uphawu lwesitifiketi sezindawo; isizindalwazi sezinkomba sinikeza inombolo 43177452. Isohlwini lukahulumeni wase-Hunan lwango-2024 lwezimpawu zezindawo eziqoqwayo nezesitifiketi zesifundazwe.
- Umnikazi: Ngokombiko we-”Hunan ribao” (2021), izimpawu ze-”两茶” ngokomyalo kahulumeni wesifunda zabhaliswa futhi zilawulwa yi-Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology yedolobha i-Zhangjiajie (张家界市农业科学技术研究所), engaphansi komnyango wezolimo wedolobha.
- Izixhumanisi zendawo: Azikho izixhumanisi eziqondile zendawo emithonjeni etholakele.
2. Umlando nokubaluleka kwamasiko
- Umlando:
- 2019. NgoMeyi, ngokombiko we-”Hunan ribao”, kwaqala ukulungiswa kwesicelo sezimpawu ze-”两茶”.
- 2021 — ukubhaliswa. Mhla ziyisi-7 kuMbasa i-Trademark Office ye-State Intellectual Property Office yabhalisa i-”张家界茶” ne-”张家界莓茶” njengezimpawu zesitifiketi sezindawo.
- 2021 — ukuvunyelwa kokuqala. Mhla zingama-24 kuZibandlela umnyango wezolimo wedolobha wavumela iqembu lokuqala ezimpawini: izinkampani zetiye eziyi-9 ku-”张家界茶” kanye nezinkampani eziyi-18 ku-”张家界莓茶”.
- 2023 — iqembu lesithathu. Mhla zingama-26 kuZibandlela, ngokombiko we-”Red Net”, kwavunyelwa enye inkampani ku-”张家界茶”, kuthi ku-”张家界莓茶” kwavunyelwa ezingama-31; sekukonke ezophawu “lwetiye” zivunyelwe izinkampani eziyi-11, kweze-”berry” zaba ngama-62.
- Imithetho yophawu. Kuzimpawu ze-”两茶” kugunyaziwe imithetho yokusetshenziswa: izimpawu zekhwalithi, indawo yokusebenza, izidingo zokutshala nokucubungula, ukwenganyelwa. Umbhalo wemithetho angikaze ngiwubone; ngokwephephandaba, inkampani idingeka ukuba nesikali esithile nomkhiqizo wayo, amasimende ayo angaphansi kwe-100 mu, isitifiketi sokukhiqiza se-SC, ukuxhunywa kupulatifomu yokulandelela ikhwalithi yoMnyango Wezolimo, ukuhlolwa kokuphepha nekhwalithi kanye nomlando ohlanzekile wezikweletu.
- Igama:
- “I-Zhangjiajie” (张家界) yigama lesifunda sedolobha.
- “I-Cha” (茶, chá) — “itiye”.
- Ukubaluleka kwamasiko: Igama lesifunda lihlanganisa ngaphansi komkhiqizo owodwa itiye lesifunda. Ebhangqeni le-”两茶” uphawu lwetiye okwamanje lusemncane: ekupheleni kuka-2023 uphawu “lwe-berry” lwaluvunyelwe izinkampani eziphindwe kahlanu kunophawu “lwetiye”.
3. Incazelo yezitshalo nezinto zokusetshenziswa
- Izinhlobo / Ama-cultivar: Akubaluliwe emithonjeni etholakele.
- Izinto zokusetshenziswa: Iqabunga letiye (Camellia sinensis) elisendaweni yophawu. Imithetho yophawu ibeka izidingo zokutshala, kodwa umbhalo wayo angikaze ngiwubone.
- Ungadidanisi ne-莓茶: Uphawu lwesibili lwebhangqa luvikela isiphuzo esivela esitshalweni 显齿蛇葡萄 (Ampelopsis grossedentata) — akulona itiye ngomqondo wezitshalo.
- Indinganiso yokukha: Imininingwane ayikho emithonjeni etholakele.
4. I-terroir nezici zokutshala
- Isifunda: Enyakatho-ntshonalanga yesifundazwe sase-Hunan, isifunda sedolobha i-Zhangjiajie.
- Ukuphakama, isimo sezulu, inhlabathi: Imininingwane ayikho emithonjeni etholakele.
- Isikali: Izindawo zezingadi nomkhiqizo wetiye ngaphansi kophawu azikho emithonjeni etholakele. Umkhawulo wokuvunyelwa ungaphansi kwe-100 mu yamasimende enkampani uqobo.
5. Ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza
Imithetho yophawu ibeka izidingo zokucubungula, kodwa umbhalo wayo angikaze ngiwubone. Isizindalwazi sezinkomba sichaza ukubukeka kwamakilasi amabili, okuvela ukuthi ngaphansi kophawu kukhona itiye eliluhlaza — ngokulungisa — kanye nelibomvu — ngokuvutshelwa okuphelele. Amapharamitha okucubungula awakho emithonjeni etholakele.
Ngezansi — izinhlelo ezijwayelekile zamakilasi, hhayi incazelo yobuchwepheshe baleli tiye:
- Okuluhlaza: ukubuna (摊放, tānfàng) → ukulungisa (杀青, shāqīng) → ukusonga (揉捻, róuniǎn) → ukomisa (干燥, gānzào).
- Okubomvu: ukubuna (萎凋, wěidiāo) → ukusonga (揉捻, róuniǎn) → ukuvutshelwa (发酵, fājiào) → ukomisa (干燥, gānzào).
6. Izici ze-Organoleptic
Ngaphansi kophawu kukhona amatiye amakilasi amabili, ngakho incazelo inikezwe ngokwehlukana — ngokwesizindalwazi sezinkomba zezindawo.
- Ukubukeka kweqabunga elomile: Okuluhlaza — izintambo eziluhlaza eziminyene eziyindilinga (条索紧实圆润). Okubomvu — izintambo eziminyene, umbala uchazwa ngokuthi 浑红, “obomvu oyisithuli”.
- Iphunga leqabunga elomile: Ayikho incazelo ehlukile.
- Iphunga lomqedazwe: Okuluhlaza — lihlanzekile (清香) noma i-castnut (栗香), liminyene futhi lide. Okubomvu — uju (蜜香) noma lihlanzekile futhi lide; iphunga lezimbali nelimnandi — liphezulu futhi liqinile (花香、甜香高锐持久).
- Ukunambitheka: Okuluhlaza — kusha, kuphaphile, kuthambile, nokubuya okumnandi (鲜爽而回甘，鲜醇回甘); iphunga, ngokwefomula yesizindalwazi, “lihlala ngaphansi kolimi”. Okubomvu — kuthambile, kusha futhi kumnandi (醇爽甘甜), kugcwele (醇厚鲜爽).
- Umbala womqedazwe: Okuluhlaza — uluhlaza omncane, ocacile (嫩绿明澈). Okubomvu — ophuzi wegolide futhi okhanyayo, “nendandatho yegolide” emaphethelweni enkomishi (汤色金黄明亮，有金圈).
- Ukuphansi kwetiye (iqabunga eliphekiwe): Okuluhlaza — ophuzi-luhlaza, othambile, olinganayo (黄绿软润均匀). Okubomvu — olinganayo, omncane, obomvu futhi okhanyayo (均匀嫩润红亮).
7. Ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali
Imininingwane ye-physicochemical yetiye ngaphansi kophawu ayikho emithonjeni etholakele. Izinombolo abezindaba abazinikeza nge-莓茶 azihlobene netiye.
8. Ukwenziwa
Umkhuba wekilasi — amapharamitha ancike ekutheni yiliphi itiye ngaphansi kophawu olisandleni.
- Okuluhlaza: 80–85 °C, 3 g nge-150 ml, umqedazwe wokuqala imizuzwana engama-40–60, ingilazi noma i-gaiwan, ukuphinda kabili noma kathathu.
- Okubomvu: 90–95 °C, 3–5 g nge-150 ml, umqedazwe wokuqala imizuzwana engu-15–30 e-gaiwan, bese kuba ukuphinda kane noma kuhlanu ngokungeza imizuzwana engu-10–15. “Indandatho yegolide” emaphethelweni ibonakala kangcono enkomishini emhlophe.
9. Ukugcinwa
Umkhuba wekilasi. Itiye eliluhlaza — emaphaketheni avaliwe, efrijini ku-0–5 °C, ngaphandle kokukhanya, umswakama namaphunga, liphuzwe phakathi nonyaka. Okubomvu — endaweni eyomile emnyama ekamelweni lokushisa, emaphaketheni aminyene, kude namaphunga.
10. Intengo namanga
Ayikho imininingwane ngentengo emithonjeni etholakele.
- Ungawagwema kanjani amanga:
- Bheka uphawu lwesitifiketi sezindawo “i-张家界茶” emaphaketheni.
- Hlola ukuthi umkhiqizi ungowesifunda i-Zhangjiajie futhi uvunyelwe uphawu: ekupheleni kuka-2023 izinkampani ezinjalo zaziyi-11.
- Bheka ikilasi letiye kulebula: ngaphansi kophawu olulodwa kukhona okuluhlaza nokubomvu.
- Ungadidanisi no-”张家界莓茶”: lokhu kuyisiphuzo esingaveli eqabungeni letiye.
11. Amaqiniso athakazelisayo
- Izimpawu ezimbili zesifunda zabhaliswa ngosuku olulodwa, mhla ziyisi-7 kuMbasa 2021, kodwa eyodwa kuphela yazo emayelana netiye.
- Uphawu aluphethwe yinhlangano yabakhiqizi, kodwa yisikhungo sesayensi sezolimo sedolobha ngokomyalo kahulumeni wesifunda.
- Ukuze uvunyelwe uphawu, inkampani idinga okungenani i-100 mu yamasimende ayo uqobo.
- Incazelo yetiye elibomvu ngaphansi kophawu ikhuluma “ngendandatho yegolide” emaphethelweni omqedazwe.
12. Ukuqhathaniswa namanye amatiye
- I-Sangzhi Bai Cha (桑植白茶): Itiye elimhlophe lesifunda sase-Sangzhi esifundeni esifanayo se-Zhangjiajie, elinophawu lwaso.
- I-Jin Mao Hou Hong Cha (金毛猴红茶): Itiye elibomvu lase-Hunan lomlobi elisuka entabeni i-Tianzishan e-Zhangjiajie.
- I-Shimen Hongcha (石门红茶): Itiye elibomvu lesifunda sesifunda sase-Changde, futhi enyakatho-ntshonalanga ye-Hunan, — igama lekilasi elilodwa lokuqhathanisa nesambulela.
- I-Enshi Se Cha (恩施硒茶): Uphawu lwesifunda sase-Hubei ngaphezu kwamatiye amakilasi ahlukene — isambulela esifana nalesi sifunda.
Ekuphetheni:
I-Changjiajie Cha iwuphawu lwesifunda, hhayi uhlobo noma ikilasi: ngaphansi kwalo kukhona itiye eliluhlaza nelibomvu lesifunda, futhi liphethwe yisikhungo sesayensi sedolobha ngokomyalo kahulumeni. Amadokhumenti ayo achaza ukuphatha — ukubhaliswa kwango-2021, imithetho yokuvunyelwa kanye nezinkampani eziyishumi nanye ezivunyelwe, — kanti ukubukeka kwetiye kwaziwa ngefomula emfushane yesizindalwazi: kokuluhlaza — iphunga elihlanzekile noma le-castnut nomqedazwe oluhlaza omncane, kokubomvu — iphunga loju nomqedazwe osagolide “onendandatho yegolide”.