Wǔhé cháyè

Uwuhe Chaye (Wǔhé cháyè, 五合茶叶) itiye eliluhlaza lasedolobhaneni laseYangtan (杨滩镇) lesifunda sikaMasipala waseGuangde (广德市) esifundazweni saseXuancheng eningizimu-mpumalanga yesifundazwe sase-Anhui. Igama linikezwe ngokwesigodi saseWuhe (五合村), kanti elithi «chaye» (茶叶) lisho nje «iqabunga letiye»: isigaba asinqunywa igama, kodwa ubuchwepheshe obusembhalweni wokuvikela — ukuqinisa, ukusonta nokomisa ngomoya oshisayo, ngaphandle kwe-oxidation. Umbhalo uchaza itiye «elinesimo esinjengolimi lukanqolobane» (形似雀舌), elinoboya obuncane obumhlophe kanye nokumnandi okuluhlaza okotshani okusagolide. Ukuvikelwa kwegama kwenzeke kabili: ngo-2020 njengophawu lwezolimo lwendawo, kwathi ngo-2025 — njengomkhiqizo onophawu lwendawo.

1. Ukuhlukaniswa kanye Nemvelaphi

• Uhlobo: Itiye eliluhlaza (绿茶, lǜchá). Umbhalo wokuvikela wango-2025 ubhala ubuchwepheshe ngaphandle kwe-oxidation, kanti isigaba sokubumba simakwa ngegama elithi «烘青» (hōngqīng) — lokho kubizwa kanjalo ngetiye eliluhlaza elomiswa ngomoya oshisayo. Kusukela egameni isigaba asihunyushwa: 五合 yisibizo sendawo, 茶叶 — «iqabunga letiye».
• Isigaba: Umkhiqizo onophawu lwendawo (地理标志产品, dìlǐ biāozhì chǎnpǐn), 2025; kusukela ngo-2020 — uphawu lwezolimo lwendawo (农产品地理标志).
• Imvelaphi: I-China, isifundazwe sase-Anhui (安徽, Ānhuī), isifunda sikaMasipala saseXuancheng (宣城, Xuānchéng), isifunda sikaMasipala saseGuangde (广德, Guǎngdé), idolobhana laseYangtan (杨滩, Yángtān).
• Indawo yokuvikela: Izigodi ezine zokuphatha zedolobhana laseYangtan — i-Wuhe (五合村), iBaima (白马村), iLiaolin (燎琳村) neJiufang (九房村). Izixhumanisi ngokwesimemezelo sango-2025: 119°03′01″–119°13′58″ empumalanga, 30°35′02″–30°52′29″ enyakatho.
• Ukuphambana kwezixhumanisi: Ngolwazi lwango-2020 mayelana nesicelo uhlu lwezigodi luyefana, kodwa izixhumanisi zehlukile: 119°03′55″–119°13′30″ empumalanga, 30°38′30″–30°52′28″ enyakatho. Ukuthi yimuphi umngcele onembe kakhudlwana, akubonakali emibhalweni.

2. Umlando nokubaluleka kwamasiko

• Imibhalo yokuvikela:
  • 14 Ephreli 2020. Isiteshi sokulawula izinga lemikhiqizo yezolimo yesifundazwe sase-Anhui samemezela kuwebhusayithi yomnyango wezolimo wesifundazwe ngokwamukelwa kwesicelo sophawu lwezolimo lwendawo; umfakisicelo wabekwa wumnyango wokulawula izinga lemikhiqizo yezolimo waseGuangde.
  • 25 Disemba 2020. Ngesimemezelo soMnyango Wezolimo esinguNombolo 378, ukuvikelwa kwatholwa yimikhiqizo eyi-178. Ngokwekopi yenhlangano yetiye, phakathi kwamatiye ayishumi nesikhombisa kulolu hlu — i五合茶叶, eduze ne洞庭碧螺春, i信阳毛尖 ne福鼎白茶.
  • 2025. Ngesimemezelo seNational Intellectual Property Administration (CNIPA) esinguNombolo 632 somhla ziyisi-9 kuNhlangulana (esashicilelwa zingama-27 kuNhlangulana), imikhiqizo engama-224 yamukelwa njengemikhiqizo enophawu lwendawo; i五合茶叶 — indawo yama-103. Umfakisicelo — ithimba lezokuphoqelela umthetho elihlangene kwezolimo laseGuangde.
• Inganekwane nomlando wendawo. Ulwazi olungezansi luvela emibhalweni yomlando wendawo yango-2023, eshicilelwe ngabacwaningi bomlando namasiko eXuancheng. Imibhalo yezinqolobane okusekelwe kuyo ayikho emithonjeni etholakele.
  • Western Jin (西晋). Ngokubhekisa ku-«Guangde Prefecture Chronicle» (《广德州志》), umbhalo uthi ngaleso sikhathi emathempelini kwakutsalwa izihlahla zetiye futhi kwenziwa itiye.
  • Ming noQing. Ngokombhalo, itiye laliya enkonzweni ngazo zombili izikhathi zombuso, kanti ngeminyaka yeJiajing (嘉靖) lathola igama elithi «御茶» — «itiye lombusi». Ikakhulukazi kwakudume isigodi saseShengzikou (升子口), lapho kwakukhona ingadi yentela engaba yikhulu lemu. Igama layo langaphambili iShengzhikou (圣旨口, «umlomo wesimemezelo») umbhalo ulichaza ngokuthi lapha izikhulu zazimemezela isimemezelo sombusi, kanti igama lanamuhla, ngokombhalo, isigodi salithola maphakathi nekhulu lama-20. Lokhu kuyincazelo yendawo yegama lendawo, hhayi umbhalo.
  • 1915. Ngaphansi kwegama elithi «广德云雾茶» («itiye elifiphele lefu laseGuangde»), ngokombhalo, itiye lathola indondo yegolide embukisweni wamazwe ngamazwe wasePanama.
  • 1967–1976. Umkhiqizo weqembu ngo-1967 wawungaphansi kwama-dan (担) angama-400, kwathi ngo-1970 — cishe angama-400. Ngemva kwalokho ngosizo lwezimboni kwafakwa umugqa kagesi ophezulu ongama-4,5 km, kwakhiwa izakhiwo ezintathu futhi kwafakwa imishini yokuqinisa, yokusonta neyokomisa; ngo-1976 umkhiqizo wawucishe wafinyelela enkulungwaneni yama-dan.
  • 1988. Ithole igama letiye lesifundazwe elidumile lase-Anhui.
  • Amagugu. Ngokombhalo, ubuchwepheshe bokwenza bufakwe ohlwini lwamagugu amasiko angaphatheki esifunda saseGuangde, kanti esigodini kuvulwe umnyuziyamu wetiye.
• Igama: «Wuhe» (五合) — igama lesigodi, «chaye» (茶叶) — «iqabunga letiye».

3. Incazelo Yezitshalo Nezinto Zokusetshenziswa

• Izinhlobo / I-cultivar: Umbhalo wokuvikela ubiza «本地传统云雾茶品种» — uhlobo lwendabuko lwendawo lwetiye «elifiphele lefu» (云雾茶, yúnwù chá). Amagama ama-clones awekho kuwo.
• Izinto zokusetshenziswa: Kusukela eqhumeni elilodwa kuya eqhumeni elinamaqabunga amabili; iqhuma eligcwele neqabunga eliwugqinsi, elihlala lithambile isikhathi eside (芽壮，叶厚，持嫩性好).
• Isikhathi sokukha: Kusukela maphakathi noMashi kuya ekupheleni kuka-Ephreli. Akuvunyelwe ukukha amaqabunga anezinambuzane nezifo, ansomi, «inhlanzi» (鱼叶) kanye namaqabunga abomvu.
• Ukutshala: Kungabi ngaphezu kwezihlahla ezingama-60 000 ngehektha elilodwa, kungabi ngaphansi kwamathani ayi-15 omanyolo ophilayo obolileyo ngehektha ngonyaka.

4. I-Terroir nezici zokutshala

• Isifunda: Iningizimu-mpumalanga ye-Anhui. Ngokombhalo, indawo eyizintaba yaseWuhe isempambanweni yezintaba zeTianmushan (天目山) neHuangshan (黄山).
• Ukuphakama kokutshala: 300–800 m — ngokombhalo wokuvikela.
• Umhlabathi: Umbhalo ubiza imihlaba ethandwayo ngokuthi «青砂土» kanye ne-«麻骨土» ene-pH 4,0–5,5. Umbhalo ubhala ngemihlaba ebomvu-ephuzi ene-pH 5,0–5,5 kanye nezinto eziphilayo ezingaba ngu-2,5 %.
• Isimo sezulu: Ngokombhalo, izinga lokushisa lonyaka eliphakathi nendawo lingu-15,4 °C, imvula ingu-1300 mm, ukumbozwa kwehlathi kungaphezu kuka-90 %. Kuyo kuthiwa entwasahlobo eduze kwezingadi kuqhakaza ama-orchid asendle, i-cherry ne-persimmon.
• Indawo: Ngolwazi lwango-2020, indawo yokuvikela ingama-6860 ha, ukutshala okuqhubekayo kungama-3000 ha, ukuvuna ngonyaka kungamathani angama-225.

5. Ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza

Izindlela ngokombhalo wokuvikela wango-2025:

1. Ukwendlala (摊放, tānfàng): Ungqimba olufika ku-5 cm, amahora ama-5–8, ukuphenduka njalo emahoreni ama-2–3, kuze kufinyelele umswakama ongama-70–75 %.
2. Ukuqinisa (杀青, shāqīng): 120–170 °C, umswakama ngemva kokuqinisa uba ngu-58–60 %, bese kupholisa ngokushesha.
3. Ukusonta (揉捻, róuniǎn): Imizuzu eyi-15–35, kuze kube amaqabunga aqinile; ingxenye esontiwe — ngaphezu kuka-90 %.
4. Ukwomisa kokuqala (初干, chūgān): Ngomoya oshisayo noma epanini ku-110–130 °C kuze kube umswakama ongama-45–55 %, bese kuyekwa kuphumule.
5. Ukubumba nokuveza uboya (整形提毫, zhěngxíng tíháo): 80–90 °C, ukushintshanisa izindlela zokulinganisa nokugingqa kweqabunga kuze kube umswakama ongu-15–20 %.
6. Ukwomisa kokugcina (足干, zúgān): 60–80 °C, imizuzu engama-30–45, kuze kube umswakama ongu-6–7 %.
7. Ukuphakamisa iphunga (提香, tíxiāng): 90–100 °C, imizuzu emi-3–5, kuze kube ngaphansi kuka-6 % umswakama.

6. Izimpawu zezitho zomzimba

Incazelo yombhalo wokuvikela; lapho umbhalo uhlukile kuyo, kubhalwe nombhalo.

• Isimo seqabunga elomile: Njengolimi lukanqolobane (形似雀舌), elinoboya obuncane obumhlophe, oluhlaza okotshani okusagolide (翠绿). Umbhalo uchaza iqabunga ngenye indlela — liqondile, «linesimo lesikele sokugqoka» (绣剪形), likhulu futhi lilingana.
• Iphunga leqabunga elomile: Incazelo eyehlukile ayikho emithonjeni etholakele.
• Iphunga lokumnandi: Liwugqinsi futhi ligcwele (香气醇厚). Ngokombhalo — lihlanzekile, linethoni yezimbali.
• Ukunambitheka: Kunambitheka okumnandi ngemva, kuqabulayo; itiye limelana nokuphindwa kaningi (回味甘甜，爽口耐冲泡).
• Umbala wokumnandi: Uluhlaza okotshani okusagolide (汤色翠绿). Ngokombhalo — uluhlaza okotshani okuthambile futhi okhanyayo.
• Igquma letiye (iqabunga eliphekwe): Umbhalo awulichazi. Ngokombhalo — lithambile, lilingana, liluhlaza futhi likhanya (嫩匀绿亮).

7. Ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali

Izidingo zombhalo wokuvikela wango-2025:

Isibonakaliso	Isidingo
Umswakama	kungabi ngaphezu kuka-6,0 %
Izinto ezikhiphekayo emanzini	42,5–53,5 %
Umlotha ophelele	4,5–5,9 %
I-cellulose eluhlaza	7,5–12,8 %
Ama-polyphenol etiye	kungabi ngaphansi kuka-18 %

Lezi yizindinganiso zomkhiqizo ngaphansi kwegama elivikelwe, hhayi izilinganiso zamaqoqo athile.

8. Ukuphisa

Umkhuba wesigaba setiye eliluhlaza.

• Izinga lokushisa lamanzi: 80–85 °C.
• Inani letiye: 3 g ku-150 ml.
• Isitsha: Ingilazi esobala noma i-gaiwan emhlophe.
• Inqubo: Kushise isitsha, kuthelwe amanzi ngasohlangothini, ukuphisa kokuqala — ngemva kwemizuzwana engama-40–60, kushiywe ingxenye yokumnandi bese kuthelwa okunye; ukuphisa okuphindwe kabili noma kathathu.

9. Ukugcina

Umkhuba wesigaba. Emaphaketheni avaliwe, efrijini ku-0–5 °C, ngaphandle kokukhanya, umswakama nephunga. Kungcono ukuphuzwa phakathi nonyaka.

10. Intengo nokukhwabanisa

Akukho mininingwane ngezintengo emithonjeni etholakele.

• Ungakugwema kanjani ukukhwabanisa:
  • Bheka uphawu olukhethekile lwendawo: ilungelo lalo linikezwa abakhiqizi abasendaweni yokuvikela ngokwesicelo ngokusebenzisa isikhungo sezobuhlakani saseGuangde, ngokugunyazwa yi-CNIPA.
  • Qinisekisa ukuthi umkhiqizi uvela kwesinye sezigodi ezine zedolobhana laseYangtan.
  • Ngokombhalo: iqabunga linjengolimi lukanqolobane, linoboya obumhlophe, liluhlaza okotshani okusagolide; ukumnandi kuluhlaza okotshani okusagolide.

11. Amaqiniso athakazelisayo

• Indawo yokuvikela — izigodi ezine kuphela zedolobhana elilodwa.
• Igama livikelwa amarejista amabili, kanti abafakisicelo kuwo bahlukile.
• Ngokombhalo, emnyango wesigodi saseShengzikou kukhona itshe elibhalwe ukuthi «贡茶升子口» — «itiye lentela laseShengzikou».
• Ngokombhalo, ngemva kokushintshela ekukhiqizeni ngomshini umkhiqizo weqembu wenyuka kusuka kuma-dan angama-400 ngo-1970 wacishe wafinyelela enkulungwaneni ngo-1976.

12. Ukuqhathanisa namanye amatiye aseXuancheng

• Guangde Huangjin Ya (广德黄金芽): Itiye eliluhlaza lesifunda saseGuangde esifanayo, kodwa elivela ezinhlotsheni ezinamaqabunga aphuzi.
• Jingting Lü Xue (敬亭绿雪): Itiye eliluhlaza lomlando wesifunda saseXuancheng, elihlobene nentela yezikhathi zeMing neQing.
• Yashan Ruicaokui (鸦山瑞草魁): Itiye eliluhlaza lesifunda saseLangxi sesifunda esifanayo, nalo elinokuvikelwa kwango-2025.
• Huangshan Yun Wu (黄山云雾茶): Itiye eliluhlaza eliphucuzekile laseHuangshan, emagqumeni alo ababhali bomlando wendawo bethi anezintaba zaseWuhe.

Ekuphetheni:

UWuhe Chaye itiye eliluhlaza lezigodi ezine zedolobhana laseYangtan, ogama lalo likhuluma ngendawo, hhayi ngesigaba. Umbhalo wokuvikela ulichaza kabanzi: uhlobo lwendawo lwetiye «elifiphele lefu», izingadi ku-300–800 m, ukuqinisa ku-120–170 °C, ukomiswa ngomoya oshisayo, iqabunga elinjengolimi lukanqolobane kanye nokumnandi okuluhlaza okotshani okusagolide. Udumo lwentela lwezikhathi zeMing negolide lika-1915 — yindaba yababhali bomlando wendawo, hhayi umbhalo wezinqolobane.

Imithombo

Inkomba yendawo

• CNIPA 地理标志产品认定 №632

Uhlu oluphelele — ekhasini elithi Imithombo