Shàngyóu lǜchá

Shangyou Lücha (Shàngyóu lǜchá, 上犹绿茶) ndi tiyi wobiriwira wa m’boma la Shangyou (上犹县) m’chigawo cha mzinda wa Ganzhou kumwera kwa chigawo cha Jiangxi. Dzinali limatetezedwa ndi chizindikiro cha geographical certification No. 9026435, ndipo tiyiyu ali ndi mndandanda wa miyezo ya chigawo, yokhudza malonda, ukadaulo, kulemba zizindikiro, ndi dongosolo la kayendetsedwe. Mu 2017, pa tsamba la National Development and Reform Commission panatuluka zolemba za boma za momwe Shangyou akumangira mtundu wa tiyi: malo asanu opangira tiyi, ziwonetsero zapachaka za “上犹绿茶”, minda yosungidwa mwakukonda kudzera pa intaneti. Khalidwe la tiyiyu boma limafotokoza ndi mawu asanu: fungo lapamwamba, mtundu wobiriwira wa emerald, kakomedwe kofewa, madzi obiriwira, maonekedwe okongola.

1. Gulu ndi Chiyambi

Mtundu: Tiyi wobiriwira (绿茶, lǜchá). Gululi lili m’dzina komanso m’mitu ya miyezo ya chigawo ya “上犹绿茶”, kuphatikizapo muyezo wa ukadaulo.
Gulu: Tiyi wobiriwira wa dera la Jiangxi; chizindikiro cha geographical certification; miyezo ya chigawo ya DB36/T.
Chiyambi: China, chigawo cha Jiangxi (江西, Jiāngxī), chigawo cha mzinda wa Ganzhou (赣州, Gànzhōu), boma la Shangyou (上犹, Shàngyóu).
Dera la chizindikiro: Sizinatsimikizidwe. Kaundula amadziwa chigawo chokha; mwini chizindikiro ndi malire a dera sakupezeka m’magwero opezeka. Zolemba za boma pa tsamba la National Development and Reform Commission zimatchula malo asanu akuluakulu opangira tiyi: Youshizhang (油石嶂), Meiling (梅岭), Yuancun (园村), Wuzhifeng (五指峰), ndi Yingqian (营前).
Malo a geographical coordinates: Boma la Shangyou lili pafupifupi 25.8° N ndi 114.5° E.

2. Mbiri ndi Tanthauzo la Chikhalidwe

Mbiri:
- Msonkho wa Ming. Malinga ndi ofesi ya ulimi ya boma (nkhani yotsatsa mu “People’s Daily Overseas Edition”, 2021), kuyambira koyambirira kwa mzera wa Ming, tiyi wa Shangyou “上洞茶” ndi “上寨茶” adalembedwa m’gulu la misonkho. Sindinawone gwero loyambirira la zolembazi.
- Chizindikiro. Nkhani yomweyi imanena kuti chizindikiro “上犹绿茶” chinalandiridwa mu 2010. Mu mndandanda wa zizindikiro za geographical indications wolembedwa pa 31 December 2009 sichilipo, koma mu mndandanda wa Trademark Office wa 2012 chilipo pansi pa nambala 9026435. Sindinawone tsiku lenileni la kulembedwa m’gwero loyambirira.
- 2011 — miyezo. Jiangxi Provincial Bureau of Quality and Technical Supervision pa 9 September 2011 idatulutsa muyezo wa chigawo DB36/T 631-2011 “上犹绿茶”, wogwira ntchito kuyambira 1 November 2011. M’gulu lomweli muli DB36/T 634-2011 “上犹绿茶 — dongosolo la kayendetsedwe” ndi DB36/T 635-2011 “上犹绿茶 — kulemba zizindikiro ndi kugulitsa”; masiku awo sindinawafufuze. Buku lina la zolemba limalemba kuti muyezo wa malonda ukugwirabe ntchito, koma nsanja ya boma ya miyezo imasonyeza kuti uli ndi mtundu watsopano; sindinadziwe womwe.
- 2017. Mu September ndi October 2017, pa tsamba la National Development and Reform Commission panatuluka zolemba ziwiri za ofesi ya boma. Malinga ndi izo, minda ya tiyi ndi 101.1 thousand mu, zokolola ndi 2060 t, mtengo wa zokolola ndi 326.86 million yuan. Mtengo wa mtundu wa chizindikiro ndi 396 million yuan, ndipo chizindikirocho chazindikirika ngati “chizindikiro chodziwika cha chigawo cha Jiangxi” (江西省著名商标). Boma limagwirizana ndi China Tea Research Institute (中国茶叶研究所) ndi Jiangxi Agricultural University.
- 2018. Muyezo wa ukadaulo DB36/T 633-2018 “上犹绿茶 — ndondomeko ya ukadaulo wa kukonza” unalowa m’malo mwa DB36/T 633-2011; unatulutsidwa 3 July 2018, ukugwira ntchito kuyambira 4 January 2019. Nkhani yotsatsa ya 2021 imanena kuti muyezo wa “上犹绿茶” unavomerezedwa ngati wa chigawo mu 2018. Izi zikusemphana ndi tsiku la muyezo wa malonda (2011) ndipo zimagwirizana ndi tsiku la muyezo wa ukadaulo; sindinadziwe ngati mu 2018 panalinso mtundu watsopano wa muyezo wa malonda.
- 2021. Malinga ndi boma, minda ili pafupifupi 110 thousand mu.
- Mkhalidwe. Malinga ndi kaundula wa 2026, chizindikirocho chatsimikizidwa posachedwa: boma la Ganzhou linatchulapo mu 2025.
Dzina: 上犹 ndi dzina la boma; 绿茶 amatanthauza “tiyi wobiriwira”.
Tanthauzo la chikhalidwe: Nkhani ya boma pa tsamba la National Development and Reform Commission ili ndi mutu wakuti: momwe Shangyou ndi kapu imodzi ya tiyi “akutsegula njira ndikupanga mtundu”. M’menemo muli ziwonetsero zapachaka za “上犹绿茶”, dongosolo la “六统一分” — kusamutsa nthaka, kukonza, kukonzekera, kutukula, kulandira, ndi kupereka mbewu mogwirizana pamene ulimi umayendetsedwa padera, — ndi 1500 mu ya minda yosungidwa kwa makasitomala payokha kudzera pa intaneti.

3. Kufotokoza kwa Botanical ndi Zinthu Zopangira

Mtundu / Cultivar: Boma limafuna mtundu umodzi wa chomera cha tiyi (“三统四不”, onani gawo 5), koma mtundu womwewo sunatchulidwe m’magwero opezeka.
Kututa ndi muyezo wa kututa: Palibe zomwe zinapezeka. Zofunikira za tsamba latsopano mwina zili mu muyezo wa ukadaulo DB36/T 633-2018, koma sindinawone malemba ake.

4. Terroir ndi Zinthu Zapadera za Kulima

Dera: Kumwera kwa chigawo cha Jiangxi, chigawo cha mzinda wa Ganzhou.
Kutalika, nyengo: Palibe zomwe zinapezeka.
Selenium: Malinga ndi boma (2021), lipoti la ubwino wa nthaka lomwe mu December 2018 China Geological Survey’s Hydrogeological and Environmental Survey Center linapanga kwa Shangyou linasonyeza kuti minda yonse ya tiyi “imafikira mulingo wolemera ndi selenium”; kuchuluka kwakukulu ndi 0.96 mg/kg, avareji ndi 0.6 mg/kg. Malinga ndi nkhaniyo, zikunena za nthaka pafupi ndi mizu ya zomera; sipanatchulidwe kuti anayesa ndi muyezo wanji. Sindikupanga mfundo zokhudza thanzi kuchokera ku ziwerengerozi.
Ziphaso: Nkhani ya boma ya 2017 imanena kuti boma likulimbikitsa certification ya tiyi wotetezeka, “wobiriwira”, ndi organic; nkhani yotsatsa ya 2021, potengera lipoti lomwelo la nthaka, imatcha tiyi wotetezeka, “wobiriwira”, ndi organic.

5. Ukadaulo wa Kupanga

Tiyiyu ali ndi muyezo wake wa ukadaulo — DB36/T 633-2018, — koma sindinawone malemba ake, choncho sindikupereka magawo enieni. Malinga ndi boma, kupanga kumatsatira lamulo la “三统四不”: mtundu umodzi, muyezo umodzi wa ukadaulo, ndi njira imodzi yogwiritsira ntchito feteleza ndi mankhwala otetezera; popanda zowonjezera pazakudya, popanda mankhwala opha udzu, popanda feteleza wopangidwa, ndipo popanda mankhwala owononga kwambiri okhalitsa.

Ndondomeko yodziwika bwino ya tiyi wobiriwira ndi iyi:

Kufalitsa tsamba latsopano (摊放, tānfàng): Tsambalo limatulutsa chinyezi china.
Kukhazikitsa (杀青, shāqīng): Kutentha kumayimitsa makutidwe ndi okosijeni ndikusunga mtundu wobiriwira.
Kukulunga (揉捻, róuniǎn).
Kuyanika (干燥, gānzào).

Iyi ndi ndondomeko yodziwika bwino ya gulu, osati kufotokoza kwa ukadaulo wa Shangyou Lücha.

6. Makhalidwe a Organoleptic

Boma limafotokoza tiyiyi ndi mawu awiri aafupi. Nkhani ya boma pa tsamba la National Development and Reform Commission (2017): “香高、色翠、味醇、汤绿、形美” — fungo lapamwamba, mtundu wobiriwira wa emerald, kakomedwe kofewa kodzaza, madzi obiriwira, maonekedwe okongola. Nkhani yotsatsa ya boma (2021): “形美、色绿、香高、味浓、汤清” — maonekedwe okongola, mtundu wobiriwira, fungo lapamwamba, kakomedwe kochuluka, madzi oyera.

Maonekedwe a tsamba louma: “Maonekedwe okongola” (形美); mtundu ndi “wobiriwira wa emerald” (色翠) kapena “wobiriwira” (色绿). Malinga ndi tanthauzo la mawuwa, zikunena za tsamba louma, koma sizinanenedwe mwachindunji.
Fungo la tsamba louma: Palibe zomwe zinapezeka.
Fungo la madzi: “Lapamwamba” (香高); mawuwa sakufotokoza ngati akunena za fungo la tsamba kapena la madzi.
Kakomedwe: “Kofewa, kodzaza” (味醇) — m’mafotokozedwe a 2017; “kochuluka” (味浓) — m’mafotokozedwe a 2021. Kuti ndi kufotokoza kuti n’kolondola kwambiri, sikutheka kudziwa kuchokera ku magwero.
Mtundu wa madzi: “Wobiriwira” (汤绿, 2017) kapena “oyera” (汤清, 2021).
Pansi pa tiyi (tsamba lophikidwa): Palibe zomwe zinapezeka.

7. Kapangidwe ka Chemical

Palibe miyeso ya physicochemical ya tiyi womaliza m’magwero opezeka. Chiwerengero chokhacho ndi selenium m’minda malinga ndi boma (gawo 4), ndipo malinga ndi nkhaniyo chikunena za nthaka, osati za tiyi.

8. Kutentha

Njira ya gulu la tiyi wobiriwira.

Kutentha kwa madzi: 80–85 °C.
Kuchuluka kwa tiyi: 3 g pa 150 ml.
Zombo: Kapu yagalasi kapena gaiwan yoyera.
Ndondomeko:
1. Tenthetsa chombo.
2. Ikani tiyi ndikutsanulira madzi m’mbali mwa chombo.
3. Kapu yoyamba — pakadutsa masekondi 40–60.
4. Imwani, kusiya gawo lina la madzi.
5. Onjezerani madzi.
6. Bwerezani kutentha kawiri kapena katatu.

9. Kusunga

Njira ya gulu. M’paketi yotsekedwa, mufiriji pa 0–5 °C, popanda kuwala, chinyezi, ndi fungo; ndibwino kumwa mkati mwa chaka chimodzi.

10. Mtengo ndi Zonama

Palibe zomwe zinapezeka za mitengo ya malonda m’magwero opezeka. Kuwerengera kwa mtundu wa 396 million yuan (zolemba za boma, 2017) ndi mtengo wa chizindikiro, osati mtengo wa tiyi.

Momwe mungapewere zonama:
- Fufuzani chizindikiro cha geographical certification “上犹绿茶” (No. 9026435).
- Onetsetsani kuti wopanga akuchokera ku boma la Shangyou m’chigawo cha mzinda wa Ganzhou.
- Tiyiyu ali ndi muyezo wake wa chigawo wa kulemba zizindikiro DB36/T 635-2011; sindinafufuze ngati ukugwirabe ntchito.
- Musasokoneze ndi tiyi wa maboma ena a Ganzhou ndi Jiangxi: mawu oti “绿茶” sakutanthauza malo.

11. Zinthu Zosangalatsa

Tiyi wa boma limodzi ali ndi miyezo yosiyana ya chigawo ya malonda, ukadaulo, dongosolo la kayendetsedwe, ndi kulemba zizindikiro ndi kugulitsa.
Boma linakhazikitsa minda yosungidwa mwakukonda: pofika 2017 minda yotere inali 1500 mu, ndipo okonda amayang’anira chisamaliro, kututa, ndi kukonza kudzera pa intaneti.

12. Kufanizira ndi Tiyi Ina ya Jiangxi

Wuyuan Lücha (婺源绿茶): Tiyi wobiriwira wa kumpoto chakum’mawa kwa Jiangxi, kumbali ina ya chigawo.
Jinggang Cui Lü (井冈翠绿): Tiyi wobiriwira wa mapiri a Jinggangshan m’chigawo cha Ji’an, imodzi mwa mtundu wodziwika wa chigawo.
Lushan Yun Wu (庐山云雾): Mmodzi mwa tiyi wobiriwira odziwika kwambiri a Jiangxi, wochokera ku phiri la Lushan kumpoto kwa chigawo.
Yaoli Nenrui (瑶里嫩蕊): Tiyi wobiriwira wa tawuni ya Yaoli pafupi ndi Jingdezhen, kumpoto chakum’mawa kwa chigawo.

Pomaliza:

Shangyou Lücha ndi tiyi wobiriwira wa kumwera kwa Jiangxi, yemwe ali ndi zolemba zambiri kuposa mafotokozedwe: chizindikiro cha certification, mndandanda wa miyezo ya chigawo, ndi zolemba za boma zokhudza mtundu pa tsamba la National Development and Reform Commission. Tiyi yemweyo boma limamufotokoza ndi mawu asanu — fungo lapamwamba, mtundu wobiriwira wa emerald, kakomedwe kofewa, madzi obiriwira, maonekedwe okongola. Tsatanetsatane wa ukadaulo ndi maonekedwe ali m’miyezo, yomwe sindinawone malemba ake.