Wùyuán lǜchá

Wùyuán Lǜchá (Wùyuán lǜchá, 婺源绿茶) ndi tiyi wobiriwira wa m’boma la Wuyuan (婺源县) m’chigawo cha mzinda wa Shangrao kumpoto chakum’mawa kwa chigawo cha Jiangxi. Uwu si tiyi umodzi, koma dzina lotetezedwa la banja lonse: muyezo wa chigawo umaphatikizapo tiyi wodziwika “wodziwika bwino” — Wuyuan Mingmei ndi Wuyuan Tegong, — komanso wogulitsa kunja wokonzedwa bwino Zhenmei. Dzinali latetezedwa ngati malonda okhala ndi chizindikiro cha geographical kuyambira 2008; zofunika za chitetezo za CNIPA za 2025 zimasiyana m’magawo angapo ndi muyezo wa chigawo.

1. Gulu ndi Chiyambi

Mtundu: Tiyi wobiriwira (绿茶, lǜchá): gulu latchulidwa m’dzina, ukadaulo malinga ndi muyezo ndi kukhazikika, kukulunga, kuyanika.
Gulu: Dzina lotetezedwa la boma: malinga ndi muyezo — “tiyi wodziwika wa Wulü” (婺绿名茶) ndi “tiyi wokonzedwa wa Wulü” (婺绿精制茶).
Chiyambi: China, chigawo cha Jiangxi (江西, Jiāngxī), chigawo cha mzinda wa Shangrao (上饶, Shàngráo), boma la Wuyuan (婺源, Wùyuán).
Malo otetezedwa: Dera lomwe liri pano la boma la Wuyuan. Umu ndi momwe amafotokozera chilengezo cha National Intellectual Property Administration (CNIPA) No. 640 ndi muyezo wa chigawo; palibe mndandanda wa midzi ndi ma coordinates pa onsewa, muyezo umangophatikiza mapu.
Ma coordinates a geographical: Palibe chimango chenicheni chomwe chinapezeka m’magwero.

2. Mbiri ndi Tanthauzo la Chikhalidwe

Mbiri:
- Zolemba zakale. Ofesi ya China ku European Union m’chionetsero cha malonda amagwira mzere wa “Cha Jing” (茶经) wa Lu Yu: “歙州茶生于婺源山谷” — “tiyi wa Shezhou amamera m’zigwa za mapiri za Wuyuan.” Zomwezo zimalemba kuti “History of Song” imatchula tiyi wa Wuyuan Xeyuan (谢源茶) pakati pa tiyi sikisi “wopanda mpikisano” (绝品) wa dzikolo, ndipo mu Ming ndi Qing, tiyi wobiriwira wa Wuyuan ankapita kukhothi ngati msonkho.
- Kutumiza kunja. Malinga ndi zomwezo, tiyi wobiriwira wa Wuyuan adalowa msika wakunja kale m’zaka za zana la 18: mu nthawi ya Qianlong amatumizidwa ku England, ndipo mu nthawi ya Xianfeng, makampani anayi a tiyi a Wuyuan, pakati pawo “Yu Dechang” (俞德昌), adatumiza ku Hong Kong mabokosi masauzande angapo a tiyi wobiriwira.
- 2008. General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine (AQSIQ) mwa chilengezo No. 122 idatenga Wuyuan Lücha pansi pa chitetezo ngati malonda okhala ndi chizindikiro cha geographical.
- Kaundula wa zokolola. Dzinali linalowetsedwanso m’kaundula wa geographical indications wa zokolola wa Ministry of Agriculture pansi pa nambala AGI00242 — kuchokera m’zana loyamba la kaundula.
- 2013 ndi 2024. Muyezo woyamba wa chigawo — DB36/T 752-2013; unasinthidwa ndi DB36/T 752-2024, wofalitsidwa pa 26 March 2024 ndikugwira ntchito kuyambira 1 September 2024. Kusintha kwatsopano kudawonjezera zofunikira za khalidwe ndikufotokozera bwino zizindikiro za physical and chemical.
- Mgwirizano ndi European Union. Wuyuan Lücha ali m’gulu loyamba la mayina zana achi China omwe atetezedwa pansi pa mgwirizano wa China ndi European Union wokhudza geographical indications. Malinga ndi chionetsero, tiyi amagulitsidwa m’maiko ndi madera opitilira 60.
- 2025. Chilengezo cha CNIPA No. 640 (mzere 627) chidazindikira Wuyuan Lücha ngati malonda okhala ndi chizindikiro cha geographical; wopempha ndi boma la anthu la Wuyuan. Zofunikira zovomerezeka za chitetezo zidasintha gawo ndi appendix yokhudza khalidwe kuchokera mu chilengezo cha 2008.
Dzina: “Wuyuan” (婺源) ndi dzina la boma, “lücha” (绿茶) ndi tiyi wobiriwira. Dzina la mbiri yakale la malonda ndi “Wulü” (婺绿, wùlǜ), kuchokera ku chilembo choyamba cha boma.
Tanthauzo la chikhalidwe: Wuyuan kale anali m’dera la Huizhou, ndipo “Wulü” imaima m’gulu la malonda otumiza kunja pafupi ndi Tunlü (屯绿) wa Anhui.

3. Kufotokoza kwa Botanical ndi Zopangira

Mitundu / Cultivars: Zolemba ziwiri zikutchedwa mosiyana. Malinga ndi muyezo, mitundu yayikulu ndi gulu la m’deralo la Wuyuan (婺源群体种, Wùyuán qúntǐzhǒng) ndi ma clones ochokera ku ilo Shangmeizhou (上梅州, Shàngméizhōu), Gancha No. 2 (赣茶2号, Gànchá 2) ndi Wulü No. 1 (婺绿1号, Wùlǜ 1), komanso mitundu ina yoyenera. Zofunikira za chitetezo za CNIPA za 2025 zimalemba Shangmeizhou (kuno — 上梅洲), Zhangke No. 1 (鄣科1号, Zhāngkē 1), Wucha No. 1, 2, 34 ndi 43 (婺茶, Wùchá) ndi Shangxizao (上溪早, Shàngxīzǎo), “ndi zina”; gulu la m’deralo silili pa mndandandawu.
Muyezo wokolola: Malinga ndi muyezo wa tiyi wodziwika, kuchuluka kwa mphukira zofunikira m’masamba atsopano kuli motere:

Mtundu	Gulu	Kufunikira kwa masamba atsopano
Wuyuan Mingmei	Gongpin (贡品)	Mphukira zokhazokha — kupitilira 80 %
Wuyuan Mingmei	Zhenpin (珍品)	Mphukira ndi mphukira ndi tsamba limodzi — kupitilira 80 %
Wuyuan Tegong	Wapamwamba (特级)	Mphukira ndi masamba amodzi kapena awiri — kupitilira 60 %
Wuyuan Tegong	Woyamba (一级)	Mphukira ndi masamba awiri kapena atatu — kupitilira 60 %

Zopangira za Zhenmei: Mphukira zofewa za masika, chirimwe ndi mphukira.
Malinga ndi zofunikira za CNIPA: Mphukira, mphukira ndi tsamba limodzi, awiri kapena atatu — malinga ndi tiyi amene akupangidwa.
Nthawi yokolola: Palibe nthawi zenizeni zomwe muyezo kapena zofunikira za CNIPA zimatchula.

4. Terroir ndi Makhalidwe a Kulima

Dera: Kumpoto chakum’mawa kwa Jiangxi. Ofesi ya China ku European Union imafotokoza boma ngati lozunguliridwa ndi mapiri a Huaiyushan (怀玉山) ndi Huangshan (黄山), ndi nyengo yofewa, mvula yambiri ndi chifunga.
Nkhalango: Malinga ndi zomwezo, nkhalango imaphimba 82.64 % ya dera.
Nthaka: Muyezo umafuna dothi lokhala ndi acidity pH 4.5–6.5, wosanjikiza wakuya ndi organic osachepera 1.0 %. Zofunikira za CNIPA — pH yomweyo ndi organic, wosanjikiza wosachepera 0.3 m, malo otsetsereka osapyola 35°.
Kutalika kwa kulima: Zofunikira za chitetezo za CNIPA zimangonena “kupitilira 100 m”; palibe tsatanetsatane wina m’magwero omwe anapezeka.
Kubzala: Malinga ndi zofunikira za CNIPA — mbewu za cuttings, osapyola 2500 bushes pa mu mu mzere umodzi ndi 5000 mu mizere iwiri.
Minda wamba ndi organic: Pa malonda aliwonse, muyezo umalozera ku malamulo ake a chigawo.

5. Ukadaulo wa Kupanga

Mndandanda umakhazikitsidwa ndi muyezo — uwu ndi kufotokoza kwa Wuyuan Lücha, osati ndondomeko yodziwika bwino ya gulu. Mingmei ndi Tegong:

Kuyala masamba atsopano (摊青, tānqīng).
Kukhazikika (杀青, shāqīng) ndi kuzizira.
Kukulunga (揉捻, róuniǎn).
Kuwotcha kwachiwiri (炒二青, chǎo èrqīng): Kuwotcha chopangidwa ndikuwongola ulusi (炒坯、理条), kenako kuzizira.
Kuwotcha kwachitatu (炒三青, chǎo sānqīng): Kupanga mawonekedwe, kenako kuzizira.
Kuyanika kwathunthu (足干, zúgān) mu uvuni kapena mu mbiya.

Ndondomeko yomweyo, ndi kusankha ndi kulongedza kumapeto, yalembedwa mu zofunikira za chitetezo za CNIPA za 2025.

Zhenmei amapangidwa m’magawo awiri: kukonza koyamba komweko kumapereka chopangira chowotcha (炒青毛茶), kenako kumakonzedwa bwino — kusankha pa sieve malinga ndi magiredi, kuchotsa mapesi, kupeta, kusankha malinga ndi mtundu, kuyanika pang’ono ndi kukonza mtundu ndi kusakaniza magawo (匀堆, yúnduī).

6. Makhalidwe a Organoleptic

Muyezo umakhazikitsa mawonekedwe pa mtundu uliwonse ndi gulu. Pansipa pali gulu lapamwamba la Wuyuan Mingmei.

Mawonekedwe a tsamba lakupsa: Lopindika pang’ono, “ngati nsidze”, lochepa komanso lolimba, ndi tsitsi loyera lowoneka bwino, lobiriwira lofewa ndi chonyezimira, laling’ono komanso loyera (微弯似眉，细紧，白毫显露，嫩绿润，匀净).
Kununkhira kwa tsamba lakupsa: Muyezowo sufotokoza; palibe zomwe zinapezeka m’magwero.
Kununkhira kwa infusion: Kofewa kapena maluwa, kokhalitsa (嫩香或花香持久).
Kukoma: Kwatsopano ndi kopatsa mphamvu (鲜爽).
Mtundu wa infusion: Lobiriwira lofewa, loyera komanso lowala (嫩绿清亮).
Chotsalira (tsamba lopakidwa): Chofewa, chofanana, chamoyo, ndi mphukira zowoneka (嫩匀鲜活，显芽).

Wuyuan Tegong wa gulu loyamba amanunkhira koyera kapena chestnut (清香或栗香), infusion yake ndi yachikasu-lobiriwira. Zhenmei wa gulu lapamwamba — tsamba lochepa komanso lolimba ndi nsonga zakuthwa, lobiriwira ndi chovala cha buluu (细紧显锋苗，绿润起霜), ndi kununkhira kofewa kokhalitsa ndi kukoma kwatsopano kochuluka.

Zofunikira za CNIPA za 2025 zimagawaniza tiyi mosiyana — Mingmei, gulu lapamwamba, gulu loyamba ndi Zhenmei — ndipo zimalongosola Mingmei m’mawu ake: kupindika kochepa komanso kolimba ndi mphukira zathunthu, mtundu wobiriwira wofewa ndi chonyezimira chamafuta, kununkhira kwakukulu kokhalitsa, kukoma kwatsopano ndi kumva kukoma pambuyo, infusion yoyera yobiriwira yofewa.

7. Zomwe Zili mu Chemical

Muyezowu wa 2024 umakhazikitsa malire awa. Awa ndi malamulo, osati miyeso ya phukusi linalake.

Chizindikiro	Mingmei ndi Tegong	Zhenmei
Chinyezi	osapitirira 7.0 %	osapitirira 7.0 %
Zing’onozing’ono ndi fumbi	osapitirira 1.0 %	osapitirira 1.0 %
Phulusa lonse	osapitirira 6.5 %	osapitirira 7.0 %
Zinthu zosungunuka m’madzi	osachepera 38 %	osachepera 36 %
Ma polyphenols a tiyi	osachepera 13 %	osachepera 13 %

Zofunikira za CNIPA za 2025 ndi zocheperako: kwa Mingmei, gulu lapamwamba ndi loyamba — phulusa mpaka 7.0 %, zinthu zosungunuka kuyambira 36.0 %, kwa Zhenmei — kuyambira 34.0 %, zing’onozing’ono mpaka 1.5 %; chinyezi — 6.5 % potuluka m’fakitale ndi 7.0–7.5 % pogulitsa. Palibe ma polyphenols pamenepo. Kuti chikalata chiti chiri chachikulu pamsika, magwero otseguka sanena.

Palibe miyeso ya ma amino acid ndi caffeine yomwe inapezeka m’magwero.

8. Kupanga Tiyi

Mchitidwe wa gulu la tiyi wobiriwira.

Wuyuan Mingmei ndi Tegong: 80–85 °C, 3 g pa 150 ml, galasi loyera kapena gaiwan yoyera; infusion yoyamba pakadutsa masekondi 40–60, kuthira kawiri kapena katatu ndikusiya mbali ya infusion.
Zhenmei: 85 °C, infusion yoyamba pafupifupi mphindi imodzi.

9. Kusunga

Mchitidwe wa gulu: m’paketi yotsekedwa, popanda kuwala, chinyezi ndi fungo, ndibwino kumwa mkati mwa chaka. Muyezowu umafuna nyumba yosungira yoyera, youma, yozizira yopanda fungo ndipo umafuna kusunga kutentha kotsika malinga ndi lamulo la mafakitale NY/T 3913.

10. Mtengo ndi Zonama

Palibe zambiri za mitengo m’magwero omwe anapezeka. Dzina ndi limodzi, koma zopangira ndi zosiyana: kuchokera ku mphukira zokhazokha za Mingmei gongpin mpaka masamba a chirimwe ndi mphukira za Zhenmei.

Momwe mungapewere zonama:
- Fufuzani chizindikiro chapadera cha geographical indication: ufulu wochigwiritsa ntchito wopanga m’boma amaupeza pambuyo poyang’aniridwa m’boma ndi chigawo ndikuvomerezedwa ndi CNIPA.
- Onani kuti wopanga ndi wa m’boma la Wuyuan.
- Fananizani mtundu ndi gulu pa paketi ndi mawonekedwe a tsamba.

11. Zinthu Zosangalatsa

Dzina limodzi lotetezedwa limaphimba tiyi wa mphukira zokhazokha ndi Zhenmei wokonzedwa, womwe muyezo mu Chingerezi umatcha “Chunmee tea”.
Gulu lapamwamba la Mingmei malinga ndi muyezo limatchedwa “gongpin” (贡品) — mawu omwewo monga msonkho woperekedwa kukhothi.

12. Kuyerekeza ndi Tiyi Wina

Wuyuan Xian Zhi (婺源仙枝): Tiyi wa m’boma lomwelo, lofotokozedwa mu corpus; muyezo wa 2024 suchitchula, koma mndandanda wa mitundu ndi wotseguka (等, “ndi zina”).
Tunlü (屯绿): Tiyi wobiriwira wotumiza kunja wa Anhui wa dera lakale la Huizhou.
Yaoli Nenrui (瑶里嫩蕊): Tiyi wobiriwira wa mzinda woyandikana nawo wa Jingdezhen kumpoto chakum’mawa kwa chigawo chomwecho.

Pomaliza:

Wuyuan Lücha ndi dzina lotetezedwa la banja lonse la tiyi wobiriwira wa m’boma: Wuyuan Mingmei wopindika pang’ono ngati nsidze kuchokera ku mphukira, Wuyuan Tegong wolimba ndi Zhenmei wokonzedwa wotumiza kunja. Muyezowu wa 2024 umafotokoza mtundu uliwonse malinga ndi magulu, zofunikira za CNIPA za 2025 — m’njira yake, ndipo mitundu ndi malire ake sizimagwirizana; dzina “Wulü” likukumbutsa za kutumiza kunja kwakale kwa tiyi wa Wuyuan.