Lóngchí xiāngjiān

Lóngchí Xiāngjiān (Lóngchí xiāngjiān, 龙池香尖), dzina lina lofala ndi Lóngchí Jiānchá (龙池尖茶, Lóngchí jiānchá), ndi tiyi wobiriwira wosalala wa ku Huaining County (怀宁县) m’chigawo cha Anqing, m’chigawo cha Anhui. Dzinali linachokera ku phiri la Lóngchí Jiān (龙池尖) limene minda ya tiyi ili m’mphepete mwake, kutanthauza “nsonga zonunkhira zochokera ku Lóngchíjiān”. Dzinili ndi lotetezedwa ngati chinthu chokhala ndi chizindikiro cha geographical indication kuyambira 2016, ndipo ngati chizindikiro chaulimi kuyambira 2019; mu 2025, CNIPA inasinthanso chitetezochi ndi chilengezo chake.

1. Gulu ndi Chiyambi

• Mtundu: Tiyi wobiriwira (绿茶, lǜchá): kukhazikika, kusalaza ndi kukonza mawonekedwe, kuyanika.
• Gulu: Tiyi wobiriwira wosalala wokhala ndi chizindikiro cha geographical indication.
• Chiyambi: China, chigawo cha Anhui (安徽, Ānhuī), mzinda wa Anqing (安庆, Ānqìng), Huaining County (怀宁, Huáiníng).
• Malo otetezedwa: Matauni asanu ndi m’midzi ya Huaining County: Qinghe (清河乡), Jiangzhen (江镇镇), Hongpu (洪铺镇), Huangdun (黄墩镇) ndi Shijing (石镜乡). Zofunikira za CNIPA zikuphatikiza malo amenewa m’madera omwe alipo tsopano, pamene chizindikiro chaulimi chikuphatikiza midzi 18 ya ma administrative m’magawo asanu omwewo. Wopempha ku CNIPA ndi boma la Huaining County, ndipo wosunga chizindikiro chaulimi ndi bungwe la tiyi la County.
• Ma coordinates a Geographical: 116°41′29″–116°53′08″ E, 30°27′30″–30°38′15″ N (malinga ndi chizindikiro chaulimi).

2. Mbiri ndi Tanthauzo la Chikhalidwe

• Mbiri:
  • Tsiku. Zolemba zina zimanena kuti kupanga kumeneku kunayamba mu nthawi ya Song ndipo nthawi yomweyo zimatchula “zaka pafupifupi 700” za mwambo. Nthawi ya Song inatha mu 1279, ndipo ziwerengero ziwirizi sizikugwirizana; palibe zolemba za nthawi ya Song zomwe zapezeka m’mabuku omwe tawapenda.
  • Banja la Chen. Buku la County (2019), potengera mbiri ya mabanja am’deralo, limanena kuti kumapeto kwa nthawi ya Yuan, banja la Chen linasamukira ku magwero a mtsinje wa Qingshui ndipo linayamba kulima tiyi kuchokera ku zitsamba zakutchire za m’deralo; kupanga tiyi yemweyo buku lomwelo limati kunayamba kumayambiriro kwa nthawi ya Song, ndipo kutsutsana kumeneku kumakhalabe mkati mwa magwero. Malinga ndi bukuli, tiyi ankaperekedwa ku akachisi am’deralo: Lóngchí’ān (龙池庵), Zhèngjué’ān (正觉庵) ndi ena, ndipo kumapeto kwa nthawi ya Qing ndi kumayambiriro kwa Republic, ankatumizidwa ku Anqing, kwa maofesi a chigawo, boma ndi County.
  • 1915. Umboni wakale kwambiri wopezeka ndi “Huaining County Chronicle” (《怀宁县志》) ya chaka cha 4 cha Republic, monga momwe zafotokozedwera m’magwero ena: tiyi wa ku Longchijian ndi “wabwino kwambiri”; wokololedwa pafupi ndi Qingming, akakonzedwa amakhala “ngati mbozi yaying’ono ya silika”, ndipo akaphikidwa ndi madzi a m’mapiri, “kukoma kwake sikutsika poyerekeza ndi wa Mengding” (蒙顶).
  • Kuyambira 1980s. Malinga ndi buku la County, County inayitanitsa akatswiri ochokera ku Anhui Agricultural University ndi Anhui Tea Institute; kupanga pamanja kunasinthidwa ndi makina ndipo anawonjezera kusalaza (压扁) kuti tiyi apirire bwino madzi obwereza.
  • Mphoto. Malinga ndi bukuli: 2004 — kuphatikizidwa mu “Chinese Tea Brand Guide” (《中国茶叶品牌指南》), 2009 — mphoto yoyamba pa mpikisano wachisanu ndi chitatu wa “Zhōngchá bēi” (中茶杯), 2010 ndi 2014 — chizindikiro “龙池” chinadziwika ngati chizindikiro chodziwika bwino cha Anhui, 2017 — mndandanda wa National wa zinthu zaulimi zodziwika bwino, zapadera, zapamwamba ndi zatsopano.
  • 2016. Pa 28 December, General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine (AQSIQ) ndi chilengezo No. 128 inateteza “龙池香尖（龙池尖茶）” ngati chinthu chokhala ndi chizindikiro cha geographical indication ndipo inavomereza zofunikira za khalidwe.
  • 2019. Mwa chilengezo cha Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs No. 185 cha 24 June, tiyi adalembetsedwa ngati chizindikiro cha agricultural geographical indication.
  • 2025. Chilengezo cha CNIPA No. 632 (chosainidwa pa 9 June, chofalitsidwa pa 27 June) chinazindikira Lóngchí Xiāngjiān ngati chinthu chokhala ndi chizindikiro cha geographical indication. M’mawu a pansi panena kuti zolembedwazi zimalowa m’malo mwa ndime 18 ndi zowonjezera 18 za chilengezo cha AQSIQ cha 2016: chitetezo sichatsopano, koma chasinthidwa.
• Dzina: 龙池 (lóngchí) ndi “dziwe la chinjoka”, mbali ya dzina la phiri; 香 (xiāng) ndi “onunkhira”; 尖 (jiān) ndi “nsonga”, komanso “nsonga” mu dzina la phiri. Dzina lachiwiri limangotanthauza “tiyi wa ku Lóngchíjiān”.

3. Kufotokozera kwa Zomera ndi Zopangira

• Mtundu / Cultivar: Malinga ndi zofunikira za CNIPA, mitundu ya chikhalidwe cha m’deralo (当地传统茶树品种). Chizindikiro chaulimi chimalongosola: mtundu wa m’deralo (群体种), chitsamba, masamba apakati, nthawi yoyambirira. Zofunikira za CNIPA pamafunika kuberekana kwa vegetative (无性繁殖); mmene izi zikugwirizana ndi mtundu wa m’deralo, zolemba sizikulongosola.
• Zopangira: Mphukira ndi tsamba limodzi, ndi mphukira ndi masamba awiri osatseguka kwenikweni; tsamba lofewa, lolimba, lothira mbande zambiri.
• Muyezo wa kukolola: Malinga ndi chizindikiro chaulimi, mphukira yonse, yopanda mame ndi chinyezi cha mvula, yopanda mamba ndi “tsamba la nsomba”; tsamba lothyoledwa limayikidwa m’magulu ndipo limagwiritsidwa ntchito pakatha maola 6.
• Nthawi yokolola: Malinga ndi zofunikira za CNIPA, kumapeto kwa March mpaka kumayambiriro kwa April. Malinga ndi chizindikiro chaulimi, mtundu wapamwamba kwambiri umakololedwa pambuyo pa Chunfen ndi pamaso pa Qingming, ndipo ena onse amaliza pafupi ndi Guyu.

4. Terroir ndi Zochitika za Kulima

• Dera: Malo otsika ozungulira phiri la Lóngchíjiān (433 m malinga ndi chizindikiro chaulimi), “denga la Huaining”. Zolemba zina zimayika minda pafupi ndi phiri la Shuāngjiānshān (双尖山) pafupi ndi kanyumba ka akachisi ka Lóngchí’ān (龙池庵), pamtunda wa pafupifupi 400 m.
• Utali: Malinga ndi zofunikira za CNIPA, osati pansi pa 200 m.
• Nyengo: Nyengo yachakum’mwera kwa subtropical, yamvula komanso yamphepo yamkuntho. Malinga ndi County: kutentha kwapakati pa chaka ndi 16–17 °C, kuwala kwa dzuwa maola 2057.1, mvula 1349.4 mm, nthawi yopanda chisanu masiku 241. Dera lili kum’mwera kwa chigwa cha nyanja ya Càizǐhú (菜子湖) ndi mtsinje wa Wǎnhé (皖河); malinga ndi kufotokozera, m’chilimwe kuno kuli pafupifupi 4 °C kozizira, ndipo m’nyengo yozizira pafupifupi 2 °C kutentha kuposa dera lonse la County. Kuwala kofalikira ndi chifunga cha m’mawa akuganiza kuti ndizo zimabweretsa fungo la tiyi.
• Dothi: Malinga ndi zofunikira za CNIPA, dothi lofiira, lofiira-chikasu ndi lofiirira-bulauni, lokhuthala osachepera 1 m, organic matter osachepera 1.0 %, pH 5.5–6.0. Chizindikiro chaulimi chimawonjezera dothi lamchenga ndi pH pafupifupi 5.57.
• Kusamalira: Osapitirira zitsamba 50,000 pa hekitala, feteleza ndi keke kapena manyowa. Kukana kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo kumanenedwa kokha ndi zolemba zina.

5. Ukadaulo wa Kupanga

Ndondomeko malinga ndi zofunikira za CNIPA: kufowetsa pang’ono → kukhazikika → kusalaza ndi kukonza mawonekedwe → kuzizira → kuyanika.

1. Kufowetsa pang’ono (摊凉, tānliáng): Wosanjikiza wosapitirira 5 cm, mpaka tsamba lisinthe mtundu ndikufewa.
2. Kukhazikika (杀青, shāqīng): 180–200 °C, mpaka tsamba lisinthe mtundu.
3. Kusalaza ndi kukonza mawonekedwe (理条、做形, lǐtiáo, zuòxíng): Pamanja, mu mphika pa 80 → 50 °C. Ndi makina, kusalaza pa 150 °C kwa mphindi 2.5–3, kuzizira kwa ola 0.5–1, kenako kukonza mawonekedwe pa 120 °C ndi kukanikiza kwa mphindi 1–2, mpaka kufika pafupifupi 80 % kuuma.
4. Kuyanika (烘干, hōnggān): Koyamba pa 80 °C, kuzizira kwa ola limodzi, kachiwirinso pa 60 °C mpaka kuuma kotheratu; chinyezi chosapitirira 5 %.

Chizindikiro chaulimi chimalongosola njira yamanja: kukhazikika mu poto yamagetsi pafupifupi 160 °C, tsamba 100–150 g pa nthawi, pafupifupi mphindi 3; kukonza mawonekedwe komweko pa 80 → 50–60 °C, pafupifupi mphindi 4, ndi kukanikiza kwa chikhatho; kuyanika mu mabasiketi olukidwa pamwamba pa makala amitengo, pafupifupi mphindi 25 pa 80 °C, kenako pa 60 °C. Kwa makina, chikalata chomwecho chimapereka kukhazikika kwa drum pa 270 °C kwa mphindi imodzi, kusalaza pa 200 °C, kukonza mawonekedwe pafupifupi 190 °C ndi kumaliza kuyanika pa 160 °C; kusalaza ndi kukonza mawonekedwe kuno nkotentha kuposa zofunikira za CNIPA (150 ndi 120 °C), ndipo chifukwa cha kusiyanaku zolemba sizikulongosola.

6. Makhalidwe a Organoleptic

Choyamba, kufotokozera kwa CNIPA (komwe kumabwereza AQSIQ 2016), kenako, pamene kusiyana kulipo, kwa chizindikiro chaulimi.

• Maonekedwe a tsamba louma: Lathyathyathya, “ngati nsonga ya mkondo” (形扁似矛). Chikalata chachiwiri chimawonjezera: wobiriwira wonyezimira, ndi mbande zooneka bwino (绿润显毫).
• Fungo la tsamba louma: Palibe kufotokozera kwapadera m’magwero opezeka.
• Fungo la madzi: Oyera, okwera komanso odzaza, osalala (清香高郁，香气清雅); kapena oyera komanso okhalitsa (清香持久).
• Kukoma: Kofewa komanso kwatsopano (滋味醇爽); kapena kwatsopano, kofewa, ndi kubwerera kokoma (鲜醇回甘).
• Mtundu wa madzi: Wobiriwira wachikasu ndi wowala (黄绿明亮); kapena wobiriwira wobiriwira kwambiri komanso wowala (嫩绿明亮).
• Pansi pa tiyi (tsamba lophikidwa): Lofanana, lobiriwira komanso lowala (匀整绿明); kapena mphukira ndi masamba amphamvu, ofewa ndi ofanana, obiriwira ndi owala (芽叶壮实，嫩匀绿亮).

7. Zomwe Zili mu Chemical

Zofunikira za CNIPA zimapereka chizindikiro chimodzi: madzi extract osachepera 38.0 %. Chizindikiro chaulimi chimapereka zisanu, ndi mulingo wina wa extract: madzi extract osachepera 36.0 %, crude fiber osapitirira 10.0 %, phulusa lonse osapitirira 6.5 %, zidutswa ndi fumbi osapitirira 3.0 %, chinyezi osapitirira 7.0 %. Izi ndi mfundo za chinthu, osati kusanthula kwa magulu ena.

8. Kuphika

Mchitidwe wamba wa tiyi wobiriwira: m’malemba mulibe malangizo a parameters.

• Kutentha kwa madzi: 80–85 °C.
• Kuchuluka kwa tiyi: 3 g pa 150 ml.
• Zida: Kapu yagalasi kapena gaiwan yoyera.
• Ndondomeko: Tenthetsa chidebe, ikani tiyi, tsanulira madzi m’mphepete mwake; chakumwa choyamba pakatha masekondi 40–60; imwa, kusiya gawo la madzi, ndi kuwonjezera madzi, kubwereza kawiri kapena katatu.

9. Kusunga

Mchitidwe wamba. M’paketi yotsekedwa bwino, m’malo ozizira, opanda kuwala, chinyezi ndi fungo. Chizindikiro chaulimi chimafuna: tiyi yemwe sanagulitsidwe pofika kumapeto kwa May ayenera kuikidwa m’chipinda chozizira kuti asasanduke wachikasu; nthawi yosungira ndi miyezi 12.

10. Mtengo ndi Zonyenga

Palibe deta ya mitengo m’magwero opezeka. Ziwerengero za kukula kwake sizikugwirizana: 553 ha ndi 124 t pachaka malinga ndi chizindikiro chaulimi, 12,200 mu ndi 170 t mu Qinghe Township yokha malinga ndi chidule cha 2017, kuposa 12,000 mu m’matauni a Qinghe, Jiangzhen, Huangdun ndi ena malinga ndi chidule cha 2018, kuposa 6,000 mu pansi pa mtunduwo malinga ndi “Renmin wang” (Anhui channel) ya 2020.

• Momwe mungapewere zonyenga:
  • Fufuzani chizindikiro chapadera cha geographical indication; chilolezo chimaperekedwa ndi CNIPA kudzera ku intellectual property office ya Huaining County.
  • Onetsetsani kuti tiyi akuchokera m’matauni asanu ndi m’midzi ya Huaining County.
  • Tsamba ndi lathyathyathya, “ngati nsonga ya mkondo”, lobiriwira lonyezimira ndi mbande zowoneka bwino.

11. Zochititsa Chidwi

• Chronicle ya 1915 imayika tiyi osati pansi pa wa Mengding, ndipo zolemba zina zimapereka pafupi mwambi wakuti “madzi ochokera pakati pa Yangtze, tiyi wochokera ku nsonga ya Mengshan”.
• Malinga ndi buku la County, pamwambo wa kukolola ulipo: kukolola koyamba kumayamba ndi atsikana osakwatiwa, ndipo manja ndi nkhope sizipaka mafuta onunkhira kapena powder, kuti fungo lachilendo lisamamatire ku tsamba.
• Pa 6 April 2020, malinga ndi “Renmin wang” (Anhui channel), olemba mabulogu khumi ndi asanu ndi mmodzi adachita ziwonetsero zapa intaneti kuchokera ku kukolola ku Qinghe Township: patsiku lomwelo adagulitsa tiyi wa 424,000 yuan ndipo adalandira maoda a 2.3 miliyoni.
• Tiyi mmodzi amatetezedwa ndi zikalata ziwiri zokhala ndi mfundo zosiyana: madzi extract osachepera 38 % ku CNIPA ndi osachepera 36 % ku chizindikiro chaulimi, madzi “obiriwira wachikasu” pa umodzi ndi “obiriwira wobiriwira kwambiri” pa unzake.

12. Kuyerekeza ndi Tiyi Ena

• Tiānzhù Jiàn Háo (天柱剑毫): Tiyi wosalala “wonga lupanga” wa phiri la Tianzhu, m’chigawo chomwecho cha Anqing.
• Dūdū Cuìmíng (都督翠茗): Tiyi wosalala wa Anhui wa phiri la Dudu pafupi ndi nyanja ya Chaohu, amene mawonekedwe ake amafanizidwa ndi mphukira ya nsungwi.
• Mèngdǐng Gān Lù (蒙顶甘露): Tiyi wopindika wa phiri la Mengshan ku Sichuan. Chronicle ya 1915 imayerekeza tiyi wa ku Longchijian ndi tiyi wa Mengding mwachisawawa, osati ndi mtundu uwu.

Pomaliza:

Lóngchí Xiāngjiān ndi tiyi wobiriwira wosalala wa m’mapiri otsika a Huaining County: tsamba “ngati nsonga ya mkondo”, fungo loyera lokwera, kukoma kofewa kwatsopano. Mbiri yake imakhazikika pa mzere umodzi wa chronicle ya 1915, ndipo zamakono pa zikalata ziwiri zoteteza, zomwe zimalongosola tiyi mosiyana pang’ono.

Magwero

Chizindikiro cha malo

• CNIPA 地理标志产品认定 №632

Mndandanda wonse — patsamba la Magwero