Lóngchí xiāngjiān

I-Longchi Xiangjian (Lóngchí xiāngjiān, 龙池香尖), igama lesibili — i-Longchi Jiancha (龙池尖茶, Lóngchí jiānchá), — itiye eliluhlaza eliyisicaba lesifunda sase-Huaining (怀宁县) ngaphansi kwedolobha lase-Anqing, esifundazweni sase-Anhui. Igama liqanjwe ngentaba i-Longchijian (龙池尖), okuzungezwe yiyo izingadi; incazelo yalo — «amathiphu anephunga elimnandi avela e-Longchijian». Igama livikelwe njengomkhiqizo onegeographical indication kusukela ngo-2016 futhi njenge-agricultural indication kusukela ngo-2019; ngo-2025 i-CNIPA yavuselela ukuvikelwa ngesimemezelo sayo.

1. Ukuhlukaniswa kanye nemvelaphi

Uhlobo: Itiye eliluhlaza (绿茶, lǜchá): ukulungisa ukushisa, ukwenza isicaba nokubumba, ukomisa.
Isigaba: Itiye eliluhlaza eliyisicaba eline-geographical indication.
Imvelaphi: I-China, isifundazwe sase-Anhui (安徽, Ānhuī), idolobha lase-Anqing (安庆, Ānqìng), isifunda sase-Huaining (怀宁, Huáiníng).
Indawo evikelwe: Izindawo ezinhlanu zedolobha nesifunda sase-Huaining — i-Qinghe (清河乡), i-Jiangzhen (江镇镇), i-Hongpu (洪铺镇), i-Huangdun (黄墩镇) ne-Shijing (石镜乡). Izidingo ze-CNIPA zihlanganisa lezi zindawo ngaphakathi kwemingcele yamanje yokuphatha, kanti i-agricultural indication ihlanganisa imizana engu-18 yokuphatha yalezo zindawo ezinhlanu. Umfakisicelo ongaphansi kwe-CNIPA nguhulumeni wesifunda sase-Huaining, kanti ophethe i-agricultural indication yinhlangano yetiye yesifunda.
Izixhumanisi zokuma: 116°41′29″–116°53′08″ empumalanga, 30°27′30″–30°38′15″ enyakatho. (ngokwe-agricultural indication).

2. Umlando nokubaluleka kwamasiko

Umlando:
- Ukuqala. Izincazelo eziyisethenjwa zibeka ukuqala kokukhiqizwa ngesikhathi se-Song bese zithi kunamasiko «acishe abe ngu-700 eminyaka». I-Song yaphela ngo-1279, futhi lezi zinombolo ezimbili azihambisani kahle; imibhalo ephathelene nosuku lwe-Song ayitholakali emithonjeni etholakele.
- Umndeni wakwa-Chen. Ushicilelo lwesifunda (2019) lucaphune imibhalo yomndeni wendawo, luthi ngasekupheleni kwe-Yuan umndeni wakwa-Chen wathuthela emthonjeni womfula i-Qingshuihe futhi waqala ukutshala itiye ngezihlahla zasendle zendawo; ukwakhiwa kwetiye ngokwalo umbhalo ofanayo ukubeka ekuqaleni kwe-Song, futhi lokhu kungqubuzana kuhlala ngaphakathi komthombo. Ngokombhalo ofanayo, itiye lalithunyelwa njengeminikelo ezindlini zezindela zendawo — i-Longchian (龙池庵), i-Zhengjuean (正觉庵) nezinye — futhi ngasekupheleni kwe-Qing nasekuqaleni kweRiphabhulikhi lalithunyelwa e-Anqing, etafuleni lamahhovisi ezifundazwe, ezifunda nokubusa.
- 1915. Ubufakazi obudala kunabo bonke obutholakele — «Umlando wesifunda sase-Huaining» (《怀宁县志》) wonyaka we-4 weRiphabhulikhi, ngokulandisa kwezincazelo eziyisethenjwa: itiye lase-Longchijian «lihle kakhulu»; liqoqwe cishe ngesikhathi se-Qingming, ngemva kokucutshungulwa «linjengomshisalwane omncane», futhi lapho lifakwa emanzini asezintabeni, «ngokunambitheka aliphansi kunetiye lase-Mengding» (蒙顶).
- Kusukela ngawo-1980. Ngokohicilelo lwesifunda, isifunda samema ochwepheshe base-Anhui Agricultural University nase-Anhui Tea Institute; ukukhiqizwa ngesandla kwathathelwa indawo umshini futhi kwanezelwa ukucindezela (压扁), ukuze itiye limelane kangcono nokuphindwa kaningi.
- Imiklomelo. Ngokohicilelo olufanayo: 2004 — ukufakwa ku-«China Tea Brand Guide» (《中国茶叶品牌指南》), 2009 — umklomelo wokuqala womncintiswano wesishiyagalombili we-«Zhongcha bei» (中茶杯), 2010 no-2014 — uphawu lwe-«龙池» lwaqashelwa njengophawu lokuhweba oludumile lwase-Anhui, 2017 — uhlu lukazwelonke lwemikhiqizo yezolimo edumile, ekhethekile, esezingeni eliphezulu futhi emisha.
- 2016. Ngomhla zingama-28 kuZibandlela i-General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine (AQSIQ) ngesimemezelo esinguNombolo 128 yathatha i-«龙池香尖（龙池尖茶）» ngaphansi kokuvikelwa njengomkhiqizo one-geographical indication futhi yavuma izidingo zekhwalithi.
- 2019. Ngesimemezelo sikaNgqongqoshe Wezolimo Nezindaba Zasemakhaya esingu-Nombolo 185 somhla zingama-24 kuNhlangulana itiye labhaliswa njenge-agricultural geographical indication.
- 2025. Isimemezelo se-CNIPA esingu-Nombolo 632 (esayinwa ziyisi-9 kuNhlangulana, sashicilelwa zingama-27 kuNhlangulana) samukela i-Longchi Xiangjian njengomkhiqizo one-geographical indication. Enkombeni kuthiwa okufakiwe kuthatha indawo yesigaba 18 kanye nesithasiselo 18 sesimemezelo se-AQSIQ sika-2016: ukuvikelwa akukusha, kodwa kubhalwe kabusha.
Igama: 龙池 (lóngchí) — «ichibi likadrako», ingxenye yegama lentaba; 香 (xiāng) — «inephunga elimnandi»; 尖 (jiān) — «ithiphu», kanti futhi «isiqongo» egameni lentaba. Igama lesibili lisho nje ukuthi «itiye lase-Longchijian».

3. Incazelo yezitshalo kanye nempahla eluhlaza

Izinhlobo / Cultivar: Ngokwezidingo ze-CNIPA — izinhlobo zendabuko zendawo (当地传统茶树品种). I-agricultural indication icacisa: inani lendawo (群体种) — isihlahla, esinamaqabunga aphakathi, esisheshayo. Izidingo ze-CNIPA kanti zibeka ukusatshalaliswa ngokungatshali izimbewu (无性繁殖); ukuthi lokhu kuhambisana kanjani nenani lendawo, imibhalo ayikuchazi.
Impahla eluhlaza: Ihlumela eliqhakazayo lineqabunga elilodwa kanye nehlumela eliqhakazayo elinamaqabunga amabili asanda kuvuleka; iqabunga lithambile, liminyene, linoboya obuningi.
Indinganiso yokuqoqa: Ngokwe-agricultural indication — ihlumela liphelele, lingenawo amazolo namanzi emvula, lingenawo amaxolo kanye ne-«fish leaf»; iqabunga eliqoqiwe lihlelwa ngezigaba futhi lisebenze ngemva kwamahora angu-6.
Isikhathi sokuqoqa: Ngokwezidingo ze-CNIPA — ukuphela kukaNdasa — ekuqaleni kuka-Ephreli. Ngokwe-agricultural indication ibanga eliphezulu liqoqwa ngemva kwe-Chunfen nangaphambi kwe-Qingming, amanye aqeda cishe ngesikhathi se-Guyu.

4. I-terroir nezici zokutshala

Isifunda: Izintaba eziphansi ezizungeze intaba i-Longchijian (amamitha angu-433 ngokwe-agricultural indication), «uphahla lwase-Huaining». Izincazelo eziyisethenjwa zibeka izingadi eduze kwentaba i-Shuangjianshan (双尖山) eduze nendawo yokuhlala yezindela i-Longchian (龙池庵), ekuphakameni okungaba amamitha angu-400.
Ukuphakama: Ngokwezidingo ze-CNIPA — kungabi ngaphansi kwamamitha angu-200.
Isimo sezulu: I-subtropical esenyakatho enomswakama we-monsoon. Ngokwesifunda: 16–17 °C ngonyaka, ukukhanya kwelanga amahora angu-2057,1, imvula engu-1349,4 mm, isikhathi esingenasihlanganisi sezinsuku ezingama-241. Indawo ilele eningizimu ye-water divide ye-Caizihu Lake (菜子湖) nomfula i-Wanhe (皖河); ngokwencazelo, ehlobo lapha cishe kupholile ngo-4 °C, kanti emakhazeni asebusika cishe kufudumele ngo-2 °C kunaso sonke isifunda. Ukukhanya okuhlakazekile kanye nezinkungu zasekuseni ababhali bakuhlobanisa nephunga letiye.
Inhlabathi: Ngokwezidingo ze-CNIPA — ebomvu, ephuzi-bomvu kanye nephuzi-brown, ukujiya okungabi ngaphansi kwemitha elilodwa, izinto eziphilayo ezingabi ngaphansi kuka-1,0 %, i-pH 5,5–6,0. I-agricultural indication yengeza inhlabathi enesihlabathi kanye ne-pH engaba ngu-5,57.
Ukunakekela: Kungabi ngaphezu kwezihlahla ezingu-50 000 ngehekthele, umanyolo — amakhekhe noma umquba. Ukuphikwa kokusetshenziswa kwezibulala-zintwala kubangelwa imibhalo eyisethenjwa kuphela.

5. Ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza

Uhlelo ngokwezidingo ze-CNIPA: ukuvutshelwa → ukulungisa ukushisa → ukwenza isicaba nokubumba → ukupholisa → ukomisa.

Ukuvutshelwa (摊凉, tānliáng): Ungqimba olungabi ngaphezu kwamasentimitha angu-5, kuze kube yilapho iqabunga liba mnyama futhi lithambe.
Ukulungisa ukushisa (杀青, shāqīng): 180–200 °C, kuze kube yilapho iqabunga liba mnyama.
Ukwenza isicaba nokubumba (理条、做形, lǐtiáo, zuòxíng): Ngesandla — embizeni e-80 → 50 °C. Ngomshini — ukwenza isicaba ku-150 °C imizuzu engu-2,5–3, ukupholisa amahora angu-0,5–1, bese kuthi ukubumba ku-120 °C ngokucindezela imizuzu engu-1–2, kuze kufike ekomeni okungu-80 %.
Ukomisa (烘干, hōnggān): Okokuqala ku-80 °C, ihora lokupholisa, okuphindwayo ku-60 °C kuze kome ngokuphelele; umswakama — ungabi ngaphezu kuka-5 %.

I-agricultural indication ichaza indlela yesandla: ukulungisa ukushisa ku-electric frying pan cishe ku-160 °C, ngo-100–150 g weqabunga, cishe imizuzu emi-3; ukubumba lapho futhi ku-80 → 50–60 °C, cishe imizuzu emi-4, ngokucindezela kwesandla; ukomisa kubhasikidi abalukiwe phezu kwamalahle okhuni — cishe imizuzu engama-25 ku-80 °C, bese ku-60 °C. Ngomshini umbhalo ofanayo unikeza ukulungisa ukushisa ngegubhu ku-270 °C cishe umzuzu owodwa, ukwenza isicaba ku-200 °C, ukubumba cishe ku-190 °C nokwenza kome ngokuphelele ku-160 °C; ukwenza isicaba nokubumba lapha kushisa kakhulu kunalezo ezidingweni ze-CNIPA (150 no-120 °C), futhi isizathu sokungafani imibhalo ayisichazi.

6. Izici ze-Organgantic

Okokuqala incazelo ye-CNIPA (ephinda i-AQSIQ ka-2016), bese kuthi, lapho ihlukile khona, kube nge-agricultural indication.

Ukubukeka kweqabunga elomile: Isicaba, «njengesihloko somkhonto» (形扁似矛). Umbhalo wesibili wengeza: luhlaza okotshani ngokucwebezela, uboya buyabonakala (绿润显毫).
Iphunga leqabunga elomile: Ayikho incazelo ehlukile emithonjeni etholakele.
Iphunga letiye: Lihlanzekile, liphakeme futhi licebile, lihle (清香高郁，香气清雅); noma lihlanzekile futhi lihlala isikhathi eside (清香持久).
Ukunambitheka: Kuthambile futhi kusha (滋味醇爽); noma kusha, kuthambile, nokubuya okumnandi (鲜醇回甘).
Umbala wetiye: Uphuzi-luhlaza futhi ukhanya (黄绿明亮); noma uluhlaza othembile futhi ukhanya (嫩绿明亮).
Izindimbu zetiye (iqabunga elisetshenzisiwe): Ziyalingana, ziluhlaza futhi zikhanya (匀整绿明); noma amahlumela namaqabunga aqinile, athambile futhi ayalingana, aluhlaza futhi akhanya (芽叶壮实，嫩匀绿亮).

7. Ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali

Izidingo ze-CNIPA zibeka inkomba eyodwa: i-water extract ingabi ngaphansi kuka-38,0 %. I-agricultural indication — ezinhlanu, enomkhawulo ohlukile we-extract: i-water extract ingabi ngaphansi kuka-36,0 %, i-crude fiber ingabi ngaphezu kuka-10,0 %, umlotha ophelele ungabi ngaphezu kuka-6,5 %, imvuthuluka nothuli kungabi ngaphezu kuka-3,0 %, umswakama ungabi ngaphezu kuka-7,0 %. Lezi yizindinganiso zomkhiqizo, hhayi ukuhlaziywa kweqoqo elithile.

8. Ukuphisa

Umkhuba wesigaba setiye eliluhlaza: emibhalweni akukho zinkomba zepharamitha.

Izinga lokushisa lamanzi: 80–85 °C.
Inani letiye: Amagremu amathathu ngama-milliliter angu-150.
Isitsha: Ingilazi noma i-gaiwan emhlophe.
Inqubo: Shisisa isitsha, faka itiye, thela amanzi ngodonga; ukuncishiswa kokuqala — ngemva kwamasekhondi angu-40–60; phuza, ushiye ingxenye yetiye, bese uthela futhi — ukuphindwa kabili noma kathathu.

9. Ukugcina

Umkhuba wesigaba. Ekupakisheni okuvalekile, endaweni ebandayo, ngaphandle kokukhanya, umswakama namaphunga. I-agricultural indication idinga: itiye elingadayiswanga ngaphambi kokuphela kukaMeyi kufanele lifakwe ekamelweni lokuqandisa, ukuze lingajiki libe phuzi; isikhathi sokugcina — izinyanga eziyi-12.

10. Intengo kanye nemikhiqizo yomgunyathi

Ayikho idatha ngezintengo emithonjeni etholakele. Izinombolo mayelana nesilinganiso azihambisani: amahektha angu-553 namathani angu-124 ngonyaka ngokwe-agricultural indication, ama-mu angu-12,2 ezinkulungwane namathani angu-170 endaweni eyodwa yase-Qinghe ngokwengqikithi eyisethenjwa ka-2017, ngaphezu kwama-mu ayi-12 ezinkulungwane ezindaweni zase-Qinghe, Jiangzhen, Huangdun nezinye ngokwengqikithi ka-2018, ngaphezu kwama-mu ayizi-6 ezinkulungwane ngaphansi komkhiqizo ngokwesayithi le-«Renmin Wang» (isiteshi sase-Anhui) sika-2020.

Ukwazi ukugwema imikhiqizo yomgunyathi:
- Bheka uphawu olukhethekile lwe-geographical indication; imvume yalo inikezwa yi-CNIPA ngokusebenzisa ihhovisi lezobunikazi lesifunda sase-Huaining.
- Qinisekisa ukuthi itiye livela ezindaweni ezinhlanu zesifunda sase-Huaining.
- Iqabunga liyisicaba, «njengesihloko somkhonto», liluhlaza ngokucwebezela noboya obubonakalayo.

11. Amaqiniso athakazelisayo

Umlando ka-1915 ubeka itiye ukuthi aliphansi kunetiye lase-Mengding, futhi izincazelo eziyisethenjwa zicaphuna isaga esiseduze: «amanzi avela maphakathi no-Yangtze, itiye elivela esiqongweni se-Mengshan».
Ngokombhalo wohicilelo lwesifunda, ukuqoqa kunomkhuba: ukuqoqa kokuqala kuqalwa amantombazane angakashadi, futhi izandla nobuso akufakwa amakha noma impushana, ukuze iphunga langaphandle linganamatheli eqabungeni.
Umhla ziyisi-6 ku-Ephreli 2020, ngokombiko wesayithi le-«Renmin Wang» (isiteshi sase-Anhui), ababhali beblog abayishumi nesithupha benza ukusakazwa okuqondile kokuvuna endaweni yase-Qinghe: ngosuku olulodwa bathengisa itiye endaweni ngo-424 000 yuan futhi baqoqa ama-oda angu-2,3 wezigidi.
Itiye elilodwa livikelwa imibhalo emibili enezindinganiso ezahlukene: i-water extract ingabi ngaphansi kuka-38 % kwa-CNIPA futhi ingabi ngaphansi kuka-36 % kwe-agricultural indication, itiye «liyiphuzi-luhlaza» komunye futhi «liluhlaza othembile» komunye.

12. Ukuqhathanisa namanye amatiye

I-Tianzhu Jian Hao (天柱剑毫): Itiye eliyisicaba «eliyinkemba» lentaba i-Tianzhu, lesifunda esifanayo sase-Anqing.
I-Dudu Cuiming (都督翠茗): Itiye eliyisicaba lase-Anhui lentaba i-Dudu eduze kwechibi lase-Chaohu, umumo walo uqhathaniswa nehlumela lika-bamboo.
I-Mengding Gan Lu (蒙顶甘露): Itiye eligoqiwe lentaba i-Mengshan e-Sichuan. Umlando ka-1915 wawuqhathanisa itiye lase-Longchijian netiye lase-Mengding jikelele, hhayi nalolu hlobo.

Ekuphetheni:

I-Longchi Xiangjian — itiye eliluhlaza eliyisicaba lezintaba eziphansi zesifunda sase-Huaining: iqabunga «njengesihloko somkhonto», iphunga elihlanzekile neliphakeme, ukunambitheka okuthambile nokusha. Umlando walo uncike emgqeni owodwa womlando ka-1915, kanti okwamanje — emibhalweni emibili yokuvikela, echaza itiye ngendlela ehluke kancane.

Imithombo

Inkomba yendawo

CNIPA 地理标志产品认定 №632

Uhlu oluphelele — ekhasini elithi Imithombo