Dūdū cuìmíng

Ududu Cuiming (Dūdū cuìmíng, 都督翠茗) itiye eliluhlaza eliyisicaba elivela entabeni iDudu (都督山) ogwini oluseningizimu lwechibi iChaohu: idolobhana iBa (坝镇) lesifunda sasedolobheni iChaohu, idolobha iHefei, isifundazwe saseAnhui. Ngokuchazayo, yitiye eliluhlaza okwesikhazi lentaba iDudu. Iqabunga lakhiwa njengehlumela likamoba futhi lomiswa ngendlela yokuqinisa umbala oluhlaza okwesikhazi, futhi yilezi zindlela ezimbili incazelo ezibiza ngokuthi yisona sici esiyinhloko setiye. Ngokwezincazelo zereferensi, itiye ladalwa ngo-1998; kusukela ngo-2018 livikelwa njengophawu lwezolimo lwendawo, futhi kusukela ngo-2025 njengomkhiqizo onophawu lwendawo lweCNIPA.

1. Ukuhlukaniswa kanye Nemvelaphi

Uhlobo: Itiye eliluhlaza (绿茶, lǜchá). Incazelo yoMnyango Wezolimo ixhumanisa itiye nezinga le-GB/T 14456.3 letiye eliluhlaza elivela ezinhlotsheni ezinamaqabunga amancane naphakathi, futhi ngokuphepha nge-GB 2762 (izingcolisi) ne-GB 2763 (izinsalela zezibulala-zinambuzane).
Isigaba: Itiye eliluhlaza eliyisicaba elinophawu lwendawo.
Imvelaphi: IChina, isifundazwe sase-Anhui (安徽, Ānhuī), idolobha iHefei (合肥, Héféi), isifunda sasedolobheni iChaohu (巢湖, Cháohú), idolobhana iBa.
Indawo evikelwe: Amagquma nezintaba eziphansi zamakomidi ayisishiyagalombili edolobhana: iXiadia (夏店), iShitang (石塘), iLianhe (联河), iQuanshui (泉水), iQingshan (青山), iLaoshan (姥山), iHudong (湖东) kanye nomphakathi wasemgwaqweni. Uhlu luyefana phakathi koMnyango Wezolimo neCNIPA; encazelweni yendawo yomibili imibhalo ibhala idolobhana njengelithi “督坝镇”, kwezinye izindawo lithi “坝镇”. Umfakisicelo yinhlangano yemboni yetiye yentaba iDudu.
Izixhumanisi zendawo: 117°32′–117°39′ D., 31°17′–31°20′ N.

2. Umlando Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko

Umlando:
- Izinganekwane. Ngokwenganekwane, entabeni iDudu kwakukhempwa amabutho kaXiang Yu, uCao Cao noZhou Yu, futhi itiye lalitshalwa ukuze kukhululwe amasosha ezifweni. Ayikho imibhalo eqinisekisayo etholakala emithonjeni etholiwe.
- Igama elidala. Ngokwezincazelo zereferensi, ngaphambi kuka-1949 naseminyakeni yokuqala yePRC, itiye lentaba ngaphansi kwegama elithi “小兰花” (xiǎo lánhuā) lalihanjiswa ngezindlu zetiye zaseWuhu liya eShandong nase-Inner Mongolia futhi lithunyelwa eRussia. Kusukela ngawo-1970, ikakhulukazi ngemva kwezinguquko, izingadi ezindala zavuselelwa futhi kwangeniswa izinhlobo ezikhiqiza kakhulu; kwavela isisekelo setiye eliluhlaza esingaba ngu-10 000 mu, sisebenza ngohlelo lwenkampani kanye nemizi yabalimi.
- 1998. Ngokwencazelo yereferensi yophawu, ngalo nyaka kwadalwa iDudu Cuiming; lapho futhi kuthiwa yakhiwa umnyango wetiye weNyuvesi Yezolimo yase-Anhui ngokwezinga langaleso sikhathi i-GB/T 14456-93, futhi isikhungo sokuhlola itiye soMnyango Wezolimo sabala emkhiqizweni ngaphezu kuka-95% wezinto ezingavuthiwe eziyi hlumela elineqabunga elilodwa elisanda kuvuleka.
- 2006. NgoFebruwari kwabhaliswa inhlangano yemboni yetiye yentaba iDudu; ngoJulayi itiye laphumelela ukutholwa kwesitifiketi seQS, ngoNovemba lathola isicoco sokuba umkhiqizo wezolimo ohlonishwayo wase-Anhui.
- 2018. NgoFebhuwari 12 uMnyango Wezolimo (ngaleso sikhathi owawukhona) ngesimemezelo № 2651 wabhalisa itiye njengophawu lwezolimo lwendawo (isitifiketi AGI02279).
- 2019–2020. Uhlu lwamabhrendi ezolimo eChina (Novemba 15, 2019), uhlu lokuqala lwe-2020 lwemikhiqizo yezolimo eyaziwayo, ekhethekile, esezingeni eliphezulu nempya (Meyi 20, 2020). NgoDisemba 22, 2020 kwethulwa indinganiso yendawo yaseHefei DB3401/T 202—2020; isikhulumi sikahulumeni sezindinganiso manje siyibala njengekhanseliwe.
- 2025. Ngesimemezelo seCNIPA № 632 (esayinwe Juni 9, sashicilelwa Juni 27) itiye kanye neminye imikhiqizo engama-223 laqashelwa njengomkhiqizo onophawu lwendawo; ngesimemezelo № 633 (esashicilelwa Julayi 7) abakhiqizi balo bavunyelwa uphawu olukhethekile.
Igama: 都督 (dūdū) lisho umkhuzi omkhulu, 翠 (cuì) lisho okuluhlaza okwesikhazi, 茗 (míng) lisho itiye. Ngokwenganekwane, intaba yaqanjwa ngoZhou Yu, umkhuzi omkhulu (大都督) wombuso waseWu, okuthiwa wayeqeqesha amabutho lapha futhi exoxa ngezempi ngesikhathi sephuza itiye.
Imiklomelo: Ngokwezincazelo zophawu, umklomelo wokuqala womqhudelwano wesithathu weZhongcha bei (中茶杯), isicoco sokuba umkhiqizo ohlonishwayo weChina International Agricultural Fair, indondo yegolide yesine yeChina (Wuhu) International Tea Expo, uphawu lwezentengiso olwaziwayo lwaseChaohu (2010), uhlu lokuqala lwe “巢湖名茶” (2011), uhlu lokuqala lwempahla yezokuvakasha eyaziwayo yase-Anhui (2012).

3. Incazelo Yezitshalo Nezinto Ezingavuthiwe

Uhlobo / I-Cultivar: Akushiwongo. Izidingo zeCNIPA zimane zithi kufanelekile izinhlobo ezithuthukisiwe ezilethwayo (适宜引进优良品种).
Izinto ezingavuthiwe: Ihlumela elineqabunga elilodwa noma amabili; umshini uhlukanisa iqabunga ngamakilasi amane ngokwezinga lokuvuleka, futhi ngalinye licutshungulwa ngokwehlukana.
Indinganiso yokukha: Ngamaqoqo, kaningi. Ezihlahleni ezindala entwasahlobo kushiywa “iqabunga lenhlanzi” (鱼叶), ekupheleni kwentwasahlobo, iqabunga elilodwa.
Isikhathi sokukha: Ayikho imihlangano eqondile etholakala emithonjeni etholiwe.

4. I-Terroir Nezici Zokutshala

Isifunda: Izintaba zeDabie Shan (大别山) phakathi kweYangtze neChaohu: ubude bemigqa buqondile emfuleni bungaba ngu-15 km, echibini bungaba ngu-8 km.
Isimo sezulu: I-subtropical monsoon. Ngokwencazelo yoMnyango Wezolimo: izinga lokushisa lonyaka elimaphakathi lingu-16 °C, isamba samazinga okushisa asebenzayo ngaphezu kuka-0 °C singu-5726 °C ngezinsuku ezingama-315, ngaphezu kuka-10 °C singu-5024.6 °C ngezinsuku ezingama-233, ukukhanya kwelanga kungamahora angama-2106 ngonyaka, imvula ingama-900–1200 mm, isikhathi esingenasithwathwa siyizinsuku ezingama-247. Inkungu lapho kuthiwa inonyaka wonke, kanti ukukhanya kwasentwasahlobo kuhlakazekile, futhi incazelo ixhumanisa lokhu nobuhle betiye.
Inhlabathi: I-yellow-red, i-yellow kanye ne-sandy loam, ejulile, egcina amanzi nomquba kahle futhi idlulisa umoya, i-pH 5.5–6.0, izinto eziphilayo zingaba ngu-1.5%. Ngokwezidingo zeCNIPA iziza kufanele zibe phezulu, zomile, zivikelekile emoyeni futhi zivulekele ilanga, nomthambeka ongekho ngaphezu kuka-25°.
Amanzi: Umfula iZhaohe (兆河), umngenela weChaohu, kanye namadamu ayisithupha, phakathi kwawo iXiangshan (象山), iZaoshuke (枣树棵) neQingshan (青山).
Ukuphakama: Ayikho idatha etholakala emithonjeni etholiwe.

5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza

Uhlelo ngokwezidingo zeCNIPA zika-2025: ukuvutshelwa → ukuhlungwa kweqabunga → ukufakwa ekushiseni (fixation) → ukupholisa nokuhlanza → ukugazinga ngokucindezela nokubumba → ukuphumula nokukhetha → ukomisa → ukuphucula iphunga → ukugcina endaweni ebandayo. Incazelo ifingqa ubuhle ngefomula ethi “做形成笋、烘干固色”, okusho ukuthi ukubumba kube njengehlumela likamoba, ukomiswa okuqinisa umbala.

Ukuvutshelwa (摊青, tānqīng): Ubukhulu obungaba ngu-3 cm emathileyini omoba, amahora angu-3–5, kuze kube ukulahleka kwamanzi ngo-15–20% kanye nomswakama ongaba ngu-70%.
Ukuhlungwa kweqabunga (鲜叶分级, xiānyè fēnjí): Amakilasi amane ezinto ezingavuthiwe (isigaba 3).
Ukufakwa ekushiseni (杀青, shāqīng): Ibhodwe elingu-180–220 °C, cishe u-250 g weqabunga, imizuzu engu-6–8; lapho kuvela iphunga elimnandi, kuqala ukubunjwa. Incazelo yoMnyango Wezolimo iphinde ivumele isigubhu: imizuzwana engama-90–150 ku-100–120 °C.
Ukupholisa nokuhlanza (摊凉去杂): Ubukhulu obuncane imizuzu engu-15–30, bese kususwa imvithi.
Ukugazinga ngokucindezela (炒压做形, chǎoyā zuòxíng): Ibhodwe lisuka ku-90 liye ku-60 °C, imizuzu engu-15–20; ngokucindezela nokulungisa iqabunga liguqulwa libe yimicu eqondile eyisicaba efana nehlumela likamoba. Indlela yomshini ngokwencazelo yoMnyango Wezolimo ingumshini osebenza ngezindlela eziningi wokulungisa ku-170 → 150 °C, imizuzu engu-6–8.
Ukuphumula nokukhetha (摊放拣剔): Imizuzu engama-40–60; ngesandla kususwa imicu engafanele, iziqu namaqabunga amadala.
Ukomisa (烘焙, hōngbèi): Izindlela ezintathu: cishe ku-80 °C imizuzu engu-8–10, cishe ku-60 °C imizuzu engu-10–15, cishe ku-50 °C imizuzu engama-20–30, kuze kube yilapho isiqu singagayeka sibe wuthuli. Ukomisa ngomshini encazelweni efanayo: cishe ku-110 °C imizuzu engu-4–6, bese kuba ngu-90 °C ekugcineni kube cishe ngu-60 °C.
Ukuphucula iphunga (提香, tíxiāng): Cishe ku-140 °C imizuzu engaba ngu-30.
Ukugcina: Emigqonyeni yensimbi evalekile ku-4–12 °C.

6. Izimpawu Zokunambitha

Amafomula encazelo yoMnyango Wezolimo nezidingo zeCNIPA ayafana.

Ukubukeka kweqabunga elomile: Liyisicaba, lifana nehlumela likamoba, linombala we-jade (外形扁平似笋，色如翡翠). Imibhalo yokukhangisa iqhathanisa isimo nangenkemba (扁平似剑).
Iphunga leqabunga elomile: Ayikho incazelo ehlukile etholakala emithonjeni etholiwe.
Iphunga lokuphisa: Lihlanzekile futhi licebile (清香浓郁).
Ukunambitheka: Kusha futhi kuyavuselela (鲜爽).
Umbala wokuphisa: Uluhlaza futhi ukhanya (绿明亮).
Iqabunga elithelelwe: Liluhlaza futhi liyalingana (绿匀).

Ifomula emfushane yophawu ithi “色翠味鲜形如笋”: umbala we-jade, ukunambitheka okusha, isimo sehlumela likamoba.

7. Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali

Izindinganiso zezidingo zeCNIPA zika-2025 zebanga eliphezulu kuya kwelesibili (kubakaki, kwelesithathu kuya kwelesihlanu, lapho kuhlukile): umswakama ungabi ngaphezu kuka-7.0%, umlotha ophelele ungabi ngaphezu kuka-7.5%, imvithi ingabi ngaphezu kuka-1.0% (1.5%), umkhiqizo ophuma emanzini ungabi ngaphansi kuka-36.0% (34.0%), i-crude fiber ingabi ngaphezu kuka-16.5%, i-tea polyphenols ingabi ngaphansi kuka-13%, ama-catechin angabi ngaphansi kuka-8%. Lezi yizindinganiso zomkhiqizo, hhayi ukuhlaziywa kwamaqoqo athile.

8. Ukuphisa

Umkhuba wekilasi letiye eliluhlaza: emibhalweni akukho zinkomba zamapharamitha.

Izinga lokushisa lamanzi: 80–85 °C.
Inani letiye: 3 g ku-150 ml.
Isitsha: Ingilazi noma i-gaiwan emhlophe.
Inqubo: Shisisa isitsha, faka itiye, thela amanzi odongeni; ukuphisa kokuqala, emva kwemizuzwana engama-40–60; phuza ushiya ingxenye yokuphisa, bese uthela futhi, ukuphisa kabili noma kathathu.

9. Ukugcina

Umkhuba wekilasi. Ephepheni elivalekile, endaweni ebandayo, ngaphandle kokukhanya, umswakama namaphunga; kungcono ukuphuzwa phakathi nonyaka. Incazelo ngokwayo inquma emigqonyeni yensimbi evalekile naku-4–12 °C.

10. Intengo Nemikhiqizo Yomgunyathi

Ngokushicilelwe kuwebhusayithi yeChaohu Institute (2019), amabanga aphezulu nawokuqala abiza kusukela ku-400 kuya ku-2000 yuan; isisindo asishiwongo. Ukushicilelwa okufanayo kuchaza intengo eqinile yetiye ngaphambi kweQingming ngokukha okuncane esimweni sezulu esibandayo. Izibalo ngesilinganiso azivumelani: incazelo endala yophawu ikhuluma ngezindawo ezingama-10 000 mu zetiye kanye namathani angaba ngu-90 ngonyaka, isifinyezo sereferensi sango-2017 sikhuluma ngamahektha angama-800 endaweni evikelwe kanye namathani angaphezu kwe-100, kwathi eka-2018 yasho izindawo ezingama-12 000 mu zokukha, amathani angama-320 kanye nama-140 million yuan.

Ugwema kanjani imikhiqizo yomgunyathi:
- Bheka uphawu olukhethekile lwendawo; abakhiqizi abavunyelwe babalwa esimemezelweni seCNIPA № 633.
- Qinisekisa ukuthi itiye livela edolobhaneni iBa esifundeni sasedolobheni iChaohu.
- Ungaliphambanisi neDuyun Mao Jian (都匀毛尖): igama lizwakala lifana, kodwa lelo yitiye laseGuizhou.
- Igama elingokomlando elithi “小兰花” lifana negama elithi elinye uphawu lwase-Anhui, iShucheng Xiao Lan Hua (舒城小兰花); le yimikhiqizo ehlukene.

11. Amaqiniso Athakazelisayo

Intaba netiye kuxhunyaniswa noZhou Yu, umkhuzi wenkathi yemibuso emithathu, kodwa lokhu kuyinganekwane, hhayi umbhalo.
Ngaphambi kwegama elisha itiye lale ntaba lalithengiswa njenge “小兰花” futhi, ngokwezincazelo, lalithunyelwa kwaze kwafika eRussia.
Ngokwezincazelo zophawu, entabeni kusenezinsalela zamasimu amadala nezihlahla zetiye zasendle.

12. Ukuqhathaniswa namanye amatiye aluhlaza ayisicaba

Tianzhu Jianhao (天柱剑毫): Itiye eliyisicaba elifana nenkemba lentaba iTianzhu e-Anhui; imibhalo yokukhangisa iqhathanisa noDudu Cuiming nenkemba.
Longchi Xiangjian (龙池香尖): Itiye eliyisicaba lesifunda saseHuaining, isimo salo imibhalo isiqhathanisa nengaphambili lomkhonto.
Shucheng Xiao Lan Hua (舒城小兰花): Itiye lase-Anhui, igama lalo elifana negama elingokomlando letiye lentaba iDudu.

Ekuphetheni:

UDudu Cuiming itiye eliluhlaza eliyisicaba elincane elivela entabeni iDudu ngasogwini oluseningizimu lweChaohu: iqabunga eliyi hlumela likamoba, umbala we-jade, ukunambitheka okusha nephunga elihlanzekile elicebile. Ngemuva kwalo kunenganekwane ngoZhou Yu, igama elidala elithi “小兰花” kanye nokuvikelwa kusukela ngo-2018 kuMnyango Wezolimo kanye nokusukela ngo-2025 ku-CNIPA.