I-Jingshan Maofeng (Jīngshān máofēng, 京山毛峰) itiye ledolobha laseJingshan (京山市) emkhandlwini wedolobha iJingmen enkabeni yesifundazwe saseHubei, igama laso ukusukela ngo-2015 livikelwe uphawu lwesitifiketi sezindawo. Umnikazi wophawu yinhlangano yetiye yaseJingshan. Kulapho imibhalo iphela khona: akukho sigaba setiye, akukho hlobo lwesihlahla, akukho buchwepheshe, futhi akukho ukubukeka okushiwo yimithombo etholakele. “Maofeng” (毛峰) yigama elisho ukuma kweqabunga, “izihloko ezinoboya”, hhayi isigaba, ngakho lesi sihloko siphakathi kwezigaba, hhayi phakathi kwamatiye aluhlaza.
1. Ukuhlukaniswa kanye Nemvelaphi
- Uhlobo: Isigaba asibekwanga embhalweni. Igama elithi 毛峰 (máofēng) livame ukuba semagameni amatiye aluhlaza, njengakuHuangshan Maofeng waseAnhui, kodwa livela nakwabomvu, isibonelo, iYunnan Hong Maofeng. Ukuveza isigaba ngegama elilodwa kungaba wukumisela; umugqa werejista yophawu uthi kuphela “茶叶” - “itiye”.
- Isigaba: Uphawu lwesitifiketi sezindawo (证明商标) lwaseHubei, isigaba 30 se-International Classification of Goods.
- Imvelaphi: I-China, isifundazwe saseHubei (湖北, Húběi), umkhandlu wedolobha iJingmen (荆门, Jīngmén), idolobha laseJingshan (京山, Jīngshān).
- Indawo: Irejista yesifundazwe ibonisa idolobha laseJingshan njengendawo yokuphatha yomnikazi wophawu. Angizange ngiwubone umngcele osemthethweni wendawo yokukhiqiza.
- Izixhumanisi zendawo: Isikhungo saseJingshan cishe singu-31.0° N no-113.1° E.
2. Umlando kanye Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko
- Umlando:
- 2015. Igama elithi “京山毛峰” labhaliswa njengophawu lwesitifiketi sezindawo olunombolo 15844613. Ngokwerejista yezimpawu zendawo zaseHubei (idatha kusukela ngoMeyi 2020, eyashicilelwa ngomhla zingama-23 kuJuni 2020), umkhiqizo yitiye (茶叶), umnikazi yinhlangano yetiye yesifunda saseJingshan (京山县茶叶协会), isikhathi selungelo elikhethekile kusukela ngomhla zingama-28 kuZibandlela 2015 kuya kumhla zingama-27 kuZibandlela 2025.
- 2025. Isikhathi sokuqala seminyaka eyishumi sophawu saphela mhla zingama-27 kuZibandlela 2025. Ukuthi uphawu luye lwanwetshwa yini angikaze ngikuhlole: ayikho imininingwane emisha kunerejista ka-2020 emithonjeni etholakele.
- Umlando wangaphambilini wetiye eJingshan. Ayikho imininingwane emithonjeni etholakele.
- Igama: “Jingshan” (京山) yigama ledolobha; “maofeng” (毛峰) kusho “izihloko ezincane ezinoboya”, igama lesimo sehlumela elinamaqabunga amancane anoboya.
- Imininingwane yokuphatha: Emgqeni werejista umnikazi ubhalwe ngegama lesifunda (京山县), kanti indawo isivele iyidolobha (京山市). Lokhu kuwumkhondo wokushintsha kwesimo saseJingshan, hhayi izindawo ezimbili ezihlukene.
- Ukubaluleka kwamasiko: Kurejista ka-2020 lolu kuphela uphawu lwendawo lwetiye lwaseJingshan; ezinye izimpawu ezintathu zaseJingshan ohlwini olufanayo yilayisi 京山桥米 no京山米 kanye nesitashi sempande yepueraria 京山葛粉.
3. Incazelo Yezitshalo kanye Nezinto Ezingavuthiwe
- Izinhlobo / Ama-Cultivar: Ayikho imininingwane emithonjeni etholakele.
- Izinga lokuqoqa: Ayikho imininingwane emithonjeni etholakele. Igama elithi “maofeng” ngokuvamile lisho ukuqoqwa kwehlumela elinamaqabunga amancane amabili anoboya, kodwa kuleli tiye angizange ngizibone izidingo.
- Isikhathi sokuqoqa: Ayikho imininingwane emithonjeni etholakele.
4. I-Terroir kanye Nezici Zokutshala
- Isifunda: Idolobha laseJingshan enkabeni yesifundazwe saseHubei.
- Ukuphakama, isimo sezulu, inhlabathi: Ayikho imininingwane emithonjeni etholakele.
5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza
Angizange ngiwubone umbhalo wobuchwepheshe be-Jingshan Maofeng, futhi isigaba setiye asibekwanga. Uma kuyitiye eliluhlaza le-maofeng, okuyilapho igama livame ukusetshenziswa khona, uhlelo olujwayelekile lwetiye eliluhlaza lumi kanje:
- Ukuhlakaza iqabunga elisha (摊放, tānfàng): Iqabunga likhipha ingxenye yomswakama.
- Ukulungisa (杀青, shāqīng): Ukushisa kumisa i-oxidation.
- Ukusonga kancane (揉捻, róuniǎn): Iqabunga lisongwa kancane, kugcinwa uboya.
- Ukomisa (烘干, hōnggān): Ukomisa ngomoya oshisayo.
Lokhu wuhlelo olujwayelekile lwesigaba, hhayi incazelo yobuchwepheshe be-Jingshan Maofeng.
6. Izici Ze-Organoleptic
- Ukubukeka kweqabunga elomile: Ayikho imininingwane emithonjeni etholakele.
- Iphunga leqabunga elomile: Ayikho imininingwane emithonjeni etholakele.
- Iphunga lokumnika: Ayikho imininingwane emithonjeni etholakele.
- Ukunambitheka: Ayikho imininingwane emithonjeni etholakele.
- Umbala wokumnika: Ayikho imininingwane emithonjeni etholakele.
- Iqabunga elisetshenzisiwe (itiye elibilisiwe): Ayikho imininingwane emithonjeni etholakele.
7. Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali
Ayikho imininingwane ye-physicochemical emithonjeni etholakele.
8. Ukuphisa
Umkhuba wesigaba, isigaba asibekwanga, ngakho imingcele incike ekutheni yiliphi itiye osesandleni sakho.
- Uma kuyi-maofeng eluhlaza: 80–85 °C, 3 g ku-150 ml, ingilazi yeglasi noma i-gaiwan emhlophe, ukumnika kokuqala imizuzwana engama-40–60, bese kuba nokuphindwa kabili noma kathathu kokuthela kugcinwe ingxenye yokumnika.
- Uma kuyi-maofeng ebomvu: 90–95 °C, 3 g ku-150 ml, i-gaiwan noma itiye le-porcelain, ukumnika kokuqala cishe umzuzu, ukuthela kaningana ngokunweba.
9. Ukugcina
Umkhuba wesigaba. Itiye eliluhlaza, ephaketheni elivaliwe, esiqandisini ku-0–5 °C, ngaphandle kokukhanya, umswakama namaphunga, liphuzwe phakathi nonyaka. Elibomvu, endaweni eyomile emnyama ekamelweni lokushisa, ephaketheni eliminyene, kude namaphunga.
10. Intengo kanye Nemikhohliso
Ayikho imininingwane ngezintengo emithonjeni etholakele.
- Ukwazi ukugwema imikhohliso:
- Funa uphawu lwesitifiketi sezindawo “京山毛峰” (no. 15844613) futhi uhlole ukuthi luye lwanwetshwa yini ngemuva komhla zingama-27 kuZibandlela 2025.
- Hlola ukuthi umkhiqizi uvela edolobheni laseJingshan futhi uvunyelwe uphawu ngumnikazi walo, okuyinhlangano yetiye yaseJingshan.
- Ungadidanisi neHuangshan Maofeng: amagama 京山 no黄山 ahluke ngohlamvu lokuqala, futhi imikhiqizo ihluke ngesifundazwe.
11. Amaqiniso Ajabulisayo
- Amagama athi “京山毛峰” no “黄山毛峰” ahluke ngohlamvu olulodwa, kodwa elokuqala lisho eHubei, elesibili lisho e-Anhui.
- Isikhathi sophawu nerejista ebika ngaso kwahlukana ngesikhathi: irejista ka-2020 isho isikhathi esiphela ekupheleni kuka-2025, futhi ayikho imininingwane emisha ngophawu emithonjeni etholakele.
- Kurejista yesifundazwe ka-2020, iJingshan inezimpawu zendawo ezine, futhi uphawu lwetiye lunye kuphela.
12. Ukuqhathaniswa namanye ama-maofeng
- Maofeng (毛峰): Isihloko sokubuka konke ngegama elivela emagameni amatiye ezigaba ezahlukene.
- Huangshan Maofeng (黄山毛峰): Itiye eliluhlaza lase-Anhui, elinye lamatiye ayishumi adumile ase-China; umphathi wegama elithi “maofeng” odume kakhulu.
- Emei Maofeng (峨眉毛峰): Itiye eliluhlaza lase-Sichuan, elinye i-maofeng ngaphansi kwegama lentaba.
- Yunnan Hong Maofeng (云南红毛峰): Itiye elibomvu laseYunnan ngesimo se-maofeng, isibonelo sokuthi igama alibeki isigaba.
Ekuphetheni:
I-Jingshan Maofeng okwamanje iyigama kunokuba itiye elichaziwe: uphawu lwesitifiketi sezindawo luka-2015, umnikazi yinhlangano yetiye yaseJingshan, umkhiqizo yitiye. Isigaba, uhlobo, ubuchwepheshe nokubukeka akukho okushiwo yimithombo etholakele, futhi isikhathi sokuqala sophawu saphela ekupheleni kuka-2025. Konke umthengi okudingeka akwazi manje yinombolo yophawu nokunwetshwa kwalo; konke okunye kusazotholakala emithonjeni yokuqala.