Yífēng yíngkēquán chá

I-Feng Yingkequan Cha (Yífēng yíngkēquán chá, 宜丰盈科泉茶) — itiye eliluhlaza lasezintabeni zezifunda zase-Yifeng County (宜丰县) zesifunda sase-Yichun enyakatho-ntshonalanga yesifundazwe sase-Jiangxi, emthambekeni oseningizimu we-Jiuling Range (九岭山脉). «I-Yingkequan» (盈科泉) yigama lendlu yetiye yase-Yifeng enekhulu leminyaka, eyayidume ngetiye lezimbali eline-chloranthus, kodwa inkomba ayivikeli itiye lezimbali: umthetho udinga ukuthobela izinga likazwelonke letiye eliluhlaza. Ukukhonjwa kwendawo yezolimo — kusukela ngo-2020, isimo somkhiqizo onokukhonjwa kwendawo — kusukela ngo-2025.

1. Ukuhlukaniswa kanye Nemvelaphi

Uhlobo: Itiye eliluhlaza (绿茶, lǜchá). Umthetho wenkomba udinga ukuthobela izinga GB/T 14456.1 «Itiye eliluhlaza. Ingxenye 1: izidingo eziyisisekelo»; ubuchwepheshe — ukulungisa, ukusonga, ukomisa, ngaphandle kwe-oxidation futhi ngaphandle kokunambitheka.
Isicupho segama: Indlu yetiye «I-Yingkequan» yaziwa ngetiye lezimbali (花茶, huāchá) «I-Zhulan Yinzhen» (zhūlán yínzhēn) nge-chloranthus; umthetho uchaza itiye eliluhlaza elinephunga elimsulwa (清香).
Isigaba: Ukukhonjwa kwendawo yezolimo (2020); umkhiqizo onokukhonjwa kwendawo (2025).
Imvelaphi: I-China, isifundazwe sase-Jiangxi (江西, Jiāngxī), isifunda sase-Yichun (宜春, Yíchūn), isifunda sase-Yifeng (宜丰, Yífēng).
Indawo evikelwe: Ngokwesimemezelo se-State Intellectual Property Office № 640 nangokomthetho — amayunithi ayisishiyagalolunye esifunda: izifunda zase-Huaqiao (花桥乡), e-Tong’an (同安乡) nase-Tianbao (天宝乡), amadolobhana ase-Tanshan (潭山镇) nase-Huanggang (黄岗镇), amapulazi ase-Huanggangshan (黄岗山垦殖场) nase-Shihuajian (石花尖垦殖场), amahlathi ase-Cheshan (车上林场) nase-Shuangfeng (双峰林场); sezizonke izigodi zokuphatha ezingama-32 kanye namagatsha. Indawo evikelwe ngokomthetho — amahektha angama-667, umkhiqizo wonyaka — amathani angama-750.
Izixhumanisi zendawo: 114°30′26″–115°04′13″ empumalanga, 28°21′32″–28°40′38″ enyakatho.

2. Umlando Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko

Umlando:
- Indlu yetiye «I-Yingkequan». Ngokushicilelwa kwengosi yesifundazwe «I-Dajiang» (Ephreli 2025), lena yindlu yetiye enekhulu leminyaka (茶号) yase-Yifeng. Ngo-1933 itiye layo lezimbali «I-Zhulan Yinzhen» lathola umklomelo ohlonishwayo emkombeni wase-Leipzig. Ngemva kwalokho indlu yawa futhi yacishe yanyamalala.
- 2016. Ngokwencwadi efanayo, ngalo nyaka umholi wenkampani «I-Yingkequan» wabuyela ezindaweni zakubo ukuze avuselele uphawu. Kanye nethimba le-Huazhong Agricultural University, inkampani yasungula isiteshi sesayensi nokukhiqiza (科技小院), lapho bavuselela khona ukunambitheka kwetiye nge-chloranthus (窨制, xūnzhì).
- 2020. Ukubhaliswa kokukhonjwa kwendawo yezolimo — unyaka ngokwesisekelo sezinkomba zezolimo; umnikazi — ihhovisi lesifunda lokuthuthukisa «imikhiqizo eluhlaza» (宜丰县绿色食品发展办公室). Ukushicilelwa kwengosi «I-Dajiang» kubeka ukubhaliswa ngonyaka we-2021.
- 2021. Ngokushicilelwa kwengosi «I-Dajiang», uphawu lwamukelwa njengengophawu lwakudala lwase-Jiangxi (江西老字号).
- 2025. Ngesimemezelo № 640 (esayinwe mhla ziyi-16 kuJulayi, sashicilelwa mhla ziyi-13 kuNcwaba) i-State Intellectual Property Office yamukela njengemikhiqizo enokukhonjwa kwendawo amagama angu-1409; i-Yifeng Yingkequan Cha — umugqa 709, umfakisicelo — uhulumeni wesifunda.
- 2026. Izinga lesifundazwe «Izidingo zekhwalithi yomkhiqizo onokukhonjwa kwendawo. I-Yifeng Yingkequan Cha» langena eqenjini lokuqala lohlelo lokuthuthukisa amazinga endawo ase-Jiangxi ka-2026 (isaziso sehhovisi lesifundazwe lokuqondisa imakethe).
Igama: «I-Yifeng» (宜丰) — igama lesifunda. Ngokombhalo oholayo wengosi «I-Sohu» (2017), isifunda sasungulwa ngeminyaka ye-Huangwu (黄武, 222–229) ngaphansi kombusi wombuso wase-Wu, kanti igama lichazwa ngefomula ethi «炎凉适宜、物阜民丰» — «ukushisa nokuphola kusesilinganisweni, umhlaba uchumile, abantu bacebile»; cishe ngendlela efanayo igama lesifunda lichazwa ngumthetho wenkomba. «I-Yingkequan» (盈科泉) — igama lendlu yetiye, lapho u-泉 esho «umthombo»; «cha» (茶) — itiye. Ngendlu yetiye umthetho awubhali futhi awulichazi igama «I-Yingkequan».
Ukubaluleka kwamasiko: Ngokombhalo oholayo wengosi «I-Sohu» (2017), isifunda siyisizinda sezikole ezimbili ze-Chan Buddhism: isikole sase-Caodong sazalelwa entabeni i-Dongshan (洞山) esifundeni sase-Tong’an, isikole sase-Linji sithatha intaba i-Huangboshan (黄檗山) esifundeni sase-Huanggang (黄岗); idolobhana lase-Huanggang lingenye yamayunithi ohlwini lwendawo yenkomba. Kuyashiwo futhi ukuthi itiye lase-Huangboshan isikhulu sase-Song u-Ni Si walibiza ngokuthi «elingenakuqhathaniswa emazweni aphakathi» (中州绝品). Umthombo awuhlobanisi lendaba nomkhiqizo ovikelwe.

3. Incazelo Yezitshalo Nezinto Zokusetshenziswa

Izinhlobo: Umthetho ubiza ezimbili — 桃江种 (Táojiāng zhǒng) kanye ne-福鼎大白 (Fúdǐng dàbái). Ukuthi iyiphi inani labantu elifihlwe ngaphansi kwegama 桃江种, umthetho awulichazi.
Izivande zenkampani: Ngokushicilelwa kwengosi «I-Dajiang» (2025), inkampani «I-Yingkequan» inezivande ezingu-1200 mu; phakathi kwemikhiqizo yayo — «itiye legolide» (黄金茶) kanye netiye lezimbali eline-chloranthus. Ukuthi yiziphi izinhlobo ezikhula kulezi zivande nokuthi itiye lazo liyahamba yini ngaphansi kophawu lwenkomba, akushiwongo emithonjeni etholakele.
Izinga nesikhathi sokuvuna: Akukho emithonjeni etholakele.

4. I-Terroir Nezici Zokutshala

Isifunda: Enyakatho-ntshonalanga ye-Jiangxi, emthambekeni oseningizimu wengxenye ephakathi ye-Jiuling Range; omakhelwane besifunda — i-Gao’an, i-Shanggao, i-Wanzai, i-Tonggu, i-Xiushui ne-Fengxin.
Ubume bendawo: Ukuphakama — kusuka ku-45 kuye ku-1480 m: enyakatho-ntshonalanga kunezintaba ezinemihosha ejulile, eningizimu-mpumalanga kukhona amagquma. Itiye lenkomba likhula ezifundeni zezintaba nasemapulazini esifunda.
Ihlathi: Ukuminyana kwehlathi — 71,9 %; indawo yamahlathi asezintabeni ahlala eluhlaza anamaqabunga abanzi.
Inhlabathi: I-acidic kancane, i-pH 4,9–5,2, ivundile, isihlabathi noma i-sandy loam, enokukhipha amanzi kahle, ukujula okungaphezu kuka-60 cm; izidingo zokuvikela zika-2025 zibeka ukujiya kwenhlabathi okungenani kungabi ngaphansi kuka-50 cm. Isivande sitshalwa emithambekeni engaphezu kuka-25°.
Isimo sezulu: Sifudumele futhi sinomswakama, i-mid-subtropical, enezinkathi ezine ezicacile. Izinga lokushisa lonyaka eliphakathi — 17,1 °C, imvula — 1697 mm ngonyaka, umswakama ohlobene — 83 %, ukukhanya kwelanga — 1634,8 amahora ngonyaka, isikhathi esingenasithwathwa — izinsuku ezingama-260.
Ubuchwepheshe bokulima: Entwasahlobo — ukukhulula, ehlobo — ukuhlakula, ekwindla — ukumba okujulile, ebusika — ukugqumisa. Izihlahla ezincane ziyakhiwa ngokuthena iminyaka emithathu ilandelana; emithambekeni engaphezu kuka-15° isivande sakhiwa ngamathala. Ngokumelene nezinambuzane — izicupho ze-pheromone, izihlangu eziphuzi kanye nezicupho zokukhanya; imithi yokubulala ukhula yamakhemikhali ayivunyelwe.

5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza

Umthetho ubeka lolu chungechunge:

Ukuvuna nokwandlala (摊放, tānfàng) kweqabunga elisha.
Ukulungisa (杀青, shāqīng), bese kuphumula (回潮, huícháo): iqabunga liyaphumula, umswakama kulo uyalingana.
Ukusonga (揉捻, róuniǎn).
Ukomisa kokuqala (初烘, chūhōng) nokuphumula kwesibili.
Ukomisa kwesibili (二烘, èrhōng) nokuphumula kwesithathu.
Ukuphakamisa iphunga noboya (提香提毫, tíxiāng tíháo).
Ukuhlukanisa (拣剔, jiǎntī) nokupakisha: iqabunga eselipholile liyahlungwa (风选), kususwa imvuthuluka namapuleti aphuzi bese kuvalwa ezikhwameni ze-foil.

Isici esikhethekile sohlelo — ukuphumula kathathu phakathi kwezigaba. Izinga lokushisa nobude besikhathi umthetho awukunikezi.

6. Izici Zokuzwa Ngezitho

Izidingo zomthetho wenkomba.

Ukubukeka kweqabunga elomile: Lisongwe ngokuqinile, linoboya obubonakalayo (外形紧结显毫). Umbala weqabunga elomile umthetho awuwubizi.
Iphunga leqabunga elomile: Akukho ncazelo ehlukile emithonjeni etholakele.
Iphunga lotshala: Limsulwa futhi lihlala isikhathi eside (香气清香持久).
Ukunambitheka: Kusha futhi kuvuselelayo, nokubuya okumnandi (滋味鲜爽回甘).
Umbala wotshala: Ukhanya futhi ucwengekile (汤色明亮清澈).
Iqabunga eliphisiwe: Liphuzi-luhlaza, lilingana (叶底黄绿匀整).

7. Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali

Izidingo ze-physicochemical zomthetho:

Inkomba	Izinga
Umswakama	hhayi ngaphezu kuka-7,0 %
Umlotha ophelele	hhayi ngaphezu kuka-7,0 %
Izinto ezikhishwayo	hhayi ngaphansi kuka-35,0 %
Ama-polyphenols etiye	hhayi ngaphansi kuka-15,0 %
Ama-amino acid akhululekile	hhayi ngaphansi kuka-3,0 %

Lezi yizindinganiso, hhayi izilinganiso zeqembu elithile.

8. Ukwenza Itiye

Umkhuba wesigaba setiye eliluhlaza.

Izinga lokushisa lamanzi: 80–85 °C.
Inani letiye: 3 g nge-150 ml.
Isitsha: Ingilazi yegilasi noma i-gaiwan emhlophe.
Inqubo:
1. Fudumeza isitsha.
2. Beka itiye bese uthela amanzi ngasodongeni.
3. Ukumnika kokuqala — ngemva kwemizuzwana engama-40–60.
4. Phuza, ushiya ingxenye yotshala.
5. Thela amanzi futhi.
6. Ukuphinda kabili noma kathathu.

9. Ukugcinwa

Umkhuba wesigaba. Ephasiphothweni elivalekile, esiqandisini ku-0–5 °C, ngaphandle kokukhanya, umswakama nephunga; phuza phakathi nonyaka. Ngokomthetho, itiye elingakapakishwa ligcinwa ekamelweni lesiqandisi.

10. Intengo Nemikhiqizo Yomgunyathi

Akukho datha ngentengo emithonjeni etholakele.

Ungakugwema kanjani ukukopisha:
- Funani uphawu lokukhonjwa kwendawo: ngokomthetho, lisetshenziswa ngabakhiqizi bendawo ngokwesivumelwano sonyaka nomnikazi.
- Kusukela ngo-2025 kukhona futhi uphawu lomkhiqizo onokukhonjwa kwendawo: umkhiqizi wendawo ufaka isicelo ehhovisi lesifunda lokuqondisa impahla, sihlolwe ihhovisi lesifundazwe sase-Jiangxi, sigunyazwe futhi sishicilelwe yi-State Intellectual Property Office.
- Hlola ukuthi umkhiqizi ungomunye wamayunithi ayisishiyagalolunye esifunda sase-Yifeng, abalwe esigabeni 1.
- Iqabunga — lisongwe ngokuqinile, linoboya; iphunga — limsulwa futhi lihlala isikhathi eside (清香持久).
- Ungadidanisi netiye lezimbali «I-Zhulan Yinzhen» kanye «netiye legolide» lophawu olufanayo: umthetho wenkomba awuzichazi.

11. Amaqiniso Athokozisayo

Inkomba inegama lendlu yetiye, edume ngetiye lezimbali, kodwa ivikela itiye eliluhlaza.
Endaweni akungenanga kuphela izifunda namadolobhana, kodwa futhi namapulazi amabili kanye namahlathi amabili.
Uchungechunge lobuchwepheshe lomthetho luhlukanisa izigaba ngokuphumula kathathu ukuze kulingane umswakama.
Intaba i-Dongshan, lapho, ngokombhalo oholayo, kwazalelwa khona isikole sase-Caodong, isesifundeni sase-Tong’an — elinye lamayunithi ayisishiyagalolunye endawo yenkomba.

12. Ukuqhathaniswa Namanye Amatiye

I-Zhulan Huacha (珠兰花茶): Itiye eliluhlaza eline-chloranthus — uhlobo olwaludume ngendlu yetiye «I-Yingkequan».
I-Shuangjing Lü (双井绿): Itiye eliluhlaza elisongwe lesifunda sase-Xiushui, umakhelwane osenyakatho we-Yifeng.
I-Tonggu Ninghong (铜鼓宁红): Itiye elibomvu lesifunda esingumakhelwane i-Tonggu yesifunda esifanayo sase-Yichun.
I-Lushan Yun Wu (庐山云雾): Itiye eliluhlaza lentaba i-Lushan enyakatho ye-Jiangxi.

Ekuphetheni:

I-Yifeng Yingkequan Cha — itiye eliluhlaza lasezintabeni enyakatho-ntshonalanga ye-Jiangxi elinegama lendlu yetiye enekhulu leminyaka, eyaziwa ngetiye lezimbali. Umthetho ka-2020 ulichaza ngokunembile: izinhlobo 桃江种 no-福鼎大白, ukomisa kabili nokuphumula kathathu, iqabunga eliminyene elinoboya, iphunga elimsulwa elihlala isikhathi eside kanye neqabunga eliphisiwe eliphuzi-luhlaza. Kusukela ngo-2025 igama livikelwa njengomkhiqizo onokukhonjwa kwendawo, kanti izinga lesifundazwe ngalo selisohlelweni.

Imithombo

Amazinga

GB/T 14456.1

Inkomba yendawo

CNIPA 地理标志产品认定 №640

Uhlu oluphelele — ekhasini elithi Imithombo