Tónggǔ nínghóng · thetea.app

I-Tonggu Ninghong (Tónggǔ nínghóng, 铜鼓宁红) itiye elibomvu lesifunda sase-Tonggu (铜鼓县) esifundeni sikaMasipala i-Yichun enyakatho-ntshonalanga yesifundazwe sase-Jiangxi, emfuleni ongenhla woMfula i-Xiuhe emngceleni ne-Hunan. Igama elithi «ninghong» (宁红) yigama elingokomlando le-gongfu yetiye elibomvu lesifunda sase-Ningzhou, elatholwa ifa yizifunda ezimbili ezingomakhelwane: i-Xiushui ne-Tonggu. Umkhiqizo ngamunye manje unegama lawo elivikelwe, indawo yawo kanye nenombolo yawo. Indawo ye-Tonggu Ninghong inamayunithi ayishumi nantathu esifunda, futhi amane ewonkana awawona amalokishi kodwa amahlathi; elinye lawo libizwa ngokuthi: i-Chashan, «intaba yetiye». Itiye lichazwa njengeligoqwe ngokuqinile, linemihlume egolide ebonakalayo, iphunga elimnandi kanye nokumnandi okubomvu okukhanyayo.

1. Ukuhlukaniswa kanye nemvelaphi

Uhlobo: Itiye elibomvu (红茶, hóngchá), eline-oxidized ngokuphelele. Isigaba sibekwa yigama lomlando elithi 宁红 — yilelo elibizwa ngokuthi i-gongfu yetiye elibomvu yase-Ningzhou (工夫红茶, gōngfu hóngchá).
Isigaba: Itiye elibomvu lesifunda elinokukhonjwa kwendawo; indlalifa ye-ninghong yomlando yokuthumela ngaphandle.
Imvelaphi: I-China, isifundazwe sase-Jiangxi (江西, Jiāngxī), isifunda sikamasipala i-Yichun (宜春, Yíchūn), isifunda sase-Tonggu (铜鼓, Tónggǔ).
Indawo yokuvikela: Amayunithi ayishumi nantathu esifunda sase-Tonggu — amalokishi namadolobhana i-Gangkou (港口乡), i-Qiping (棋坪镇), i-Gaoqiao (高桥乡), i-Paibu (排埠镇), i-Wenquan (温泉镇), i-Yongning (永宁镇), i-Sandu (三都镇), i-Daduan (大塅镇), i-Daixi (带溪乡) kanye namahlathi amane: i-Huashan (花山林场), i-Daweishan (大沩山林场), i-Chashan (茶山林场) ne-Longmen (龙门林场). Lolu hlu lufanayo lukulesi simemezelo se-China National Intellectual Property Administration (CNIPA) No. 640.
Izixhumanisi zendawo: 114°04′40″–114°43′54″ E, 28°22′59″–28°49′46″ N.

2. Umlando kanye Nokubaluleka Kwezamasiko

Umlando:
- I-Ninghong ngaphambi kwemingcele yesifunda. Izincazelo zendawo zibiza i-Tonggu njengenye yezindawo zemvelaphi kanye nezindawo eziyinhloko zokukhiqiza i-ninghong yomlando. Ngokwalezi zincazelo, phakathi ne-Ming ne-Qing, amatiye endawo «i-Ninghong Taizi» (宁红太子) kanye ne-«Quangang Longzhua» (泉港龙爪) ayethunyelwa enkantolo njengentela evela enyakatho-ntshonalanga yesifunda — e-Qiping, e-Youju (幽居) nase-Gangkou. Imibhalo lezi zincazelo ezincike kuyo angikaze ngiyibone.
- Isiqubulo. Imibhalo yendawo iphinda ifomula ethi «唐载茶经，宋称绝品，明清入贡» — «ibhalwe ku- “Chajing”, yabizwa ngokungenakuqhathaniswa nge-Song, nge-Ming ne-Qing yathunyelwa njengentela». Lena yifomula yokukhangisa, hhayi umlando.
- 1915. Izincwadi eziyizethenjwa zibhala ngendondo yegolide ye-ninghong embukisweni we-Panama-Pacific. Indondo iphathelene ne-ninghong jikelele, hhayi itiye lase-Tonggu ngokwehlukana.
- 1950s. Ngokwencazelo yendawo, itiye lase-Tonggu lalibizwa ngokuthi «itiye eliphambili lokuthumela eSoviet Union» (出口苏联王牌茶).
- 2005. Isifunda senza itiye isiqondiso sokuqala sokwakhiwa kabusha kwezolimo ngaphansi kwenqubo ethi «imvelo — isisekelo sesifunda, imisebenzi yezandla — ingcebo yabalimi».
- 2006–2017. Imiklomelo yezimpawu zesifunda. Isiliva emncintiswaneni wesifundazwe wamatiye adumile (2006), umklomelo okhethekile womncintiswano we-VII we-«Zhonghua bei» we-China Tea Society (2007), umklomelo okhethekile womncintiswano we-XII we-«Zhongcha bei» (2017) — bobathathu ngokwencwadi eyisithenjwa; kwakuklonyeliswa izimpawu ezithile zabakhiqizi.
- 2019. Ngokwencwadi eyisithenjwa, ngo-17 Januwari uMnyango Wezolimo Nezindaba Zasemakhaya wafaka i-Tonggu Ninghong kwirejista yezinkomba zendawo zemikhiqizo yezolimo; inombolo kwirejista — AGI02554.
- 2025. I-CNIPA ngesimemezelo No. 640 sango-16 Julayi yaqaphela imikhiqizo eyi-1409 enezinkomba zendawo; i-Tonggu Ninghong ingenye yazo.
Igama: «I-Tonggu» (铜鼓) — «isigubhu sethusi». Ngokwesizindalwazi sikahulumeni wesifunda, igama lanikezwa yidwala elikhulu empumalanga yedolobha: linombala ofana nothusi, lisesimweni sesigubhu, uma lishaywa liyazwakala. «I-Ning» (宁) — ivela esifundeni esingokomlando i-Ningzhou, «ihong» (红) — okubomvu.
Ukubaluleka kwezamasiko: Kwirejista kumi eduze ama-ninghong amabili — i-Tonggu Ninghong ne-Xiushui Ninghong Cha (修水宁红茶) yesifunda esingumakhelwane i-Jiujiang. Bobabili bathola ifa legama elilodwa lomlando, kodwa lezi yimikhiqizo evikelwe ehlukene enezindawo nezinombolo ezahlukene, futhi akufanele zihlanganiswe.

3. Incazelo Yezitshalo kanye Nezinto Ezingavuthiwe

Izinhlobonhlobo / I-cultivar: Ayikho imininingwane emithonjeni etholakele.
Ukuvuna: Ayikho imininingwane emithonjeni etholakele.
Izinga lokuvuna: Ayikho imininingwane emithonjeni etholakele; incazelo yokubukeka ikhombisa izinto ezingavuthiwe ezithambile ezinemihlume, kodwa izidingo zokuvuna angikaze ngizibone.
Izidingo zezinto ezingavuthiwe: Ayikho imininingwane emithonjeni etholakele.

4. I-Terroir kanye Nezici Zokutshala

Incazelo engezansi ithathwe embhalweni wokubhalisa, ophrintwa kabusha yizincwadi eziyizethenjwa kanye nefomula yendawo.

Isifunda: Izintaba zase-nyakatho-ntshonalanga ye-Jiangxi, intshonalanga yomthambeka womngcele osenyakatho we-Luoxiao Range (罗霄山), imifuleni engenhla yoMfula i-Xiuhe (修河). Empumalanga isifunda sinomngcele ne-Yifeng, eningizimu ne-Wanzai, entshonalanga ne-Liuyang ne-Pingjiang yase-Hunan, enyakatho ne-Xiushui.
Ukwakheka komhlaba: Indawo yehla ukusuka eningizimu-ntshonalanga kuya enyakatho-mpumalanga, amagquma nezintaba zihamba ngendlela eqhubekayo.
Isimo sezulu: Kunomswakama, ingxenye esenyakatho ye-subtropics emaphakathi. Ubusika abunamakhaza amakhulu, ihlobo alinakho ukushisa okukhulu, izinkathi zonyaka zicacile. Isikhathi esingenasithwathwa — izinsuku ezingama-265: isithwathwa sokuqala cishe ngo-27 Novemba, sokugcina — cishe ngo-9 Mashi. Intwasahlobo ifudumala kancane, futhi amahlumela ahlala ethambile isikhathi eside. Kunamafu amaningi nenkungu, ukukhanya kuhlakazekile, umehluko wokushisa phakathi kwemini nobusuku mkhulu.
Inhlabathi: Inhlabathi ebomvu, inhlabathi ephuzi yasezintabeni, inhlabathi ephuzi-ensundu yasezintabeni kanye nenhlabathi yasezintabeni; ungqimba lujiyile, lucebile ngezakhi, ludlulisa kahle amanzi nomoya.
Indawo kanye nokukhiqiza: Ngokwemininingwane yokubhalisa — amahektare angama-7041 endawo evikelwe kanye namathani angama-2548 etiye ngonyaka.
Ukuphakama kokutshala: Ayikho imininingwane emithonjeni etholakele.

5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza

Umbhalo wobuchwepheshe be-Tonggu Ninghong emithonjeni etholakele awukho. Ngezansi kunohlelo olujwayelekile lwe-gongfu yetiye elibomvu, hhayi incazelo yaleli tiye ngokuqondile:

Ukubuna (萎凋, wěidiāo): Iqabunga elisha lilahlekelwa ingxenye yomswakama futhi libe lithambile.
Ukusonga (揉捻, róuniǎn): Iqabunga lisongwa libe yintambo eqinile, amaseli ayaphuka, ijusi liphuma phezulu.
I-oxidation (发酵, fājiào): Iqabunga elisongiwe ligcinwa ekufudumaleni nasemswakameni kuze libe bomvu.
Ukomisa (干燥, gānzào): Ukushisa kumisa i-oxidation futhi kulondoloze iphunga.

6. Izici Ze-Organoleptic

Ngezansi kunencazelo emfushane evela embhalweni wokubhalisa (产品特点). Izincwadi eziyizethenjwa ziletha nencazelo yesibili, enwetshiwe, enikezwe ngemuva kohlu.

Ukubukeka kweqabunga elomile: Licolekile, ligoqwe ngokuqinile, linemihlume egolide ebonakalayo, limnyama-luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngokucwebezela (条索紧细、金毫显露、色泽乌润).
Iphunga leqabunga elomile: Ayikho imininingwane emithonjeni etholakele.
Iphunga lokumnandi: Limnandi futhi lijulile (甜香馥郁).
Ukunambitheka: Kugcwele, kuthambile futhi kushelelayo (滋味浓醇爽滑).
Umbala wokumnandi: Ubomvu ngokukhanyayo, obala (汤色红艳明亮).
Amacembe etiye (iqabunga eliphekiwe): Abomvu futhi athambile (叶底红嫩).

Incazelo enwetshiwe: ukusonga kuqinile futhi kuhle, imihlume egolide iyabonakala, kuningi «izihloko ezibukhali» (锋苗, fēngmiáo), umbala unamafutha; ukunambitheka kusha, kuthambile futhi kugcwele, iphunga liphakeme futhi lihlala isikhathi eside, iqabunga eliphekiwe libomvu, lithambile, linemihlume eminingi.

7. Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali

Ayikho imininingwane yemvelo namakhemikhali emithonjeni etholakele.

8. Ukuphisa

Umkhuba wesigaba se-gongfu yetiye elibomvu.

Izinga lokushisa lamanzi: 90–95 °C.
Inani letiye: 3 g nge-150 ml.
Isitsha: I-gaiwan noma i-teapot ye-porcelain; enkomishini emhlophe umbala obomvu wokumnandi ubonakala kahle.
Inqubo:
1. Fudumeza isitsha.
2. Faka itiye.
3. Ukugeza akudingekile.
4. Ukumnandi kokuqala — cishe umzuzu owodwa.
5. Thela ngokuphelele, ungashiyi itiye emanzini.
6. Ukuphinda kuphindwe kathathu noma kane, ngakunye kudlula kancane.

9. Ukugcina

Umkhuba wesigaba. Endaweni eyomile emnyama ekushiseni kwegumbi, ekupakisheni okuqinile okungabonisi ukukhanya, kude nephunga nomswakama. Isiqandisi asidingeki etiyeni elibomvu.

10. Intengo kanye Nokukopa

Ayikho imininingwane ngezintengo emithonjeni etholakele.

Ukwazi ukugwema okokukopa:
- Bheka uphawu lwendawo yokukhonjwa futhi uhlole ukuthi umkhiqizi ungowesifunda sase-Tonggu.
- Ungadidanisi ne-Xiushui Ninghong Cha: lokhu akukhona ukukopa, kodwa igama elivikelwe elihlukile lesifunda esingumakhelwane.
- Iqabunga — licolekile, liqinile, limnyama-luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngemihlume egolide; ukumnandi — kubomvu ngokukhanyayo futhi obala, iphunga limnandi.

11. Amaqiniso Athakazelisayo

Amayunithi amane kweshumi nantathu endawo — amahlathi, hhayi amalokishi. Elinye lawo, i-Chashan (茶山), libizwa ngokuthi «intaba yetiye».
Isifunda siqanjwe ngedwala elifana nesigubhu sethusi futhi elizwakalayo uma lishaywa.
Isikhathi esingenasithwathwa endaweni — izinsuku ezingama-265, futhi intwasahlobo ehamba kancane lapha ibhekwa njengenzuzo: ihlumela lihlala lithambile isikhathi eside.

12. Ukuqhathanisa namanye amatiye abomvu

I-Ninghong Gongfu (宁红工夫): I-ninghong yomlando enesikhungo esifundeni esingumakhelwane i-Xiushui; i-athikili ye-corpus iyayichaza futhi ikhuluma nge-Tonggu njengenye yezindawo eziseduze zokukhiqiza.
I-Qimen Hongcha (祁门红茶): I-gongfu yetiye elibomvu yesifunda sase-Qimen esifundazweni sase-Anhui.
I-Yihong Gongfu (宜红工夫): I-gongfu yetiye elibomvu yesifundazwe sase-Hubei.
I-Jing’an Hongcha (靖安红茶): Itiye elibomvu lesifunda sase-Jing’an sesifunda sikamasipala i-Yichun efanayo.

Ekuphetheni:

I-Tonggu Ninghong igatsha lesifunda le-ninghong yomlando: amayunithi ayishumi nantathu endawo, amane ewonkana amahlathi, intwasahlobo yasezintabeni ehamba kancane kanye nezinsuku ezingama-265 ezingenasithwathwa. Imibhalo iyichaza njengetiye elincane elimnyama-luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka elinemihlume egolide, iphunga elimnandi kanye nokumnandi okubomvu okukhanyayo. Igama lihlanganyelwa ne-Xiushui, kodwa livikelwa ngokwehlukana — futhi ukunambitheka kungcono ukukulandela esifundeni esikhonjiswe ekupakisheni.

Imithombo

Inkomba yendawo

Uhlu oluphelele — ekhasini elithi Imithombo