Pínglè shíyá chá

I-Pingle Shiya Cha (Pínglè shíyá chá, 平乐石崖茶) — «itiye lasemaweni» lesifunda sase-Pingle (平乐县) esifundeni sikaMasipala waseGuilin, esifundazweni esizimele sase-Guangxi Zhuang. Lokhu akulona iqabunga lesihlahla setiye Camellia sinensis: umqulu wokuvikela ubiza impahla eluhlaza ngokuthi 亮叶黄瑞木 (liàngyè huángruìmù) — ngokwemithombo yezethenjwa, isihlahla sohlobo lwe-杨桐属 (Adinandra); izihlahla zasendle, ngokwezincazelo ezidumile, zikhula emaweni — yingakho igama. Iqabunga liyosiwa kathathu futhi lisongwe ngesandla. Igama livikelwa njengesikhombi sezolimo sendawo kusukela ngo-2014 futhi njengomkhiqizo onesikhombi sendawo kusukela ngo-2025.

1. Ukuhlukaniswa kanye Nemvelaphi

Uhlobo: Akulona itiye ngomqondo webhotani futhi akulona nelilodwa ezigabeni eziyisithupha. Ubuchwepheshe bufana netiye eliluhlaza, kodwa umqulu wokuvikela awusho isigaba; amawebhusayithi abiza umkhiqizo ngokuthi i-oolong awanciki kumazinga.
Isigaba: Umhluzo ongaveli esitshalweni setiye; isikhombi sezolimo (2014) kanye nomkhiqizo onesikhombi sendawo (2025).
Imvelaphi: I-China, isifundazwe esizimele sase-Guangxi Zhuang (广西, Guǎngxī), isifunda sikaMasipala waseGuilin (桂林, Guìlín), isifunda sase-Pingle (平乐, Pínglè).
Indawo evikelwe: Ngokwesimemezelo sango-2025 — izindawo zezintaba neziphansi ezisempumalanga, eningizimu nasenkabeni yesifunda (ezungeze intaba i-Lianhuashan, 莲花山): izigodi zokuphatha ezingama-27 emalokishini nasezifundeni i-Yuantou (源头镇), i-Yang’an (阳安乡), i-Qinglong (青龙乡), i-Qiaoting (桥亭乡), i-Dafa Yao Township (大发瑶族乡), i-Pingle (平乐镇) ne-Ertang (二塘镇), kanye nehlathi likahulumeni i-Guangyun (广运林场).
Izixhumanisi zendawo: 110°34′–111°02′ empumalanga, 24°16′–24°38′ enyakatho.

2. Umlando kanye Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko

Umlando:
- I-Tang, ngokwesiko. I-Baike ixhumanisa isiphuzo nembongi u-Li Shangyin, okwathi ngo-848 wasebenza njengombusi wesifunda sase-Zhaozhou (昭州, manje i-Pingle), kanye nomugqa wakhe othi «小鼎煎茶面曲池». Kodwa enkondlweni kukhulunywa ngokuphuza itiye nje jikelele, hhayi ngaleli qabunga. Intela eya enkantolo, ebhalwa yi-Baike, ayifakazelwa yimibhalo.
- Ngaphambi kwawo-1970. Ngokwe-«Agricultural Chronicle yase-Pingle County» (1991) njengoba ilandiswa yizingosi zezethenjwa, isiphuzo sasiphuzwa lapho kushisa njenge-«sipholile», kodwa sasenziwa kabi.
- 1974. Ngokwe-«Guilin Daily» (2018, iphindiwe ewebhusayithini yoMnyango Wezolimo), uchwepheshe wetiye wenkampani yemikhiqizo yendawo yesifunda, eqoqe ulwazi lwabantu, waqala ukucubungula iqabunga ngendlela ye-桂青茶 (guìqīng chá) futhi waba ngowokuqala ukukhiqiza i-«石崖茶». Kusukela ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yawo-1980 umkhiqizo uyadayiswa.
- 2000–2011. Ngokwabezindaba, ngo-2000 embukisweni e-Chengdu umkhiqizo wabizwa ngokuthi «itiye elidumile lase-China», ngo-2004 umbukiso we-China-ASEAN wawenza waba ukuphela kwesiphuzo setiye, ngo-2011 wathola indondo yegolide ye-«China-ASEAN» yokusabalalisa kangcono isiko letiye.
- 2014. UMnyango Wezolimo wabhalisa isikhombi sezolimo; i-Baike ibeka isinqumo ngomhla ka-18 Novemba. Umnikazi, ngokwe-Baike, — yisikhungo sesifunda sokusabalalisa ubuchwepheshe bezolimo (平乐县农业技术推广中心).
- 2025. Ngesimemezelo esingu-640 se-State Intellectual Property Office (esayinwe mhla ziyi-16 kuJulayi) igama laqashelwa njengomkhiqizo onesikhombi sendawo, indawo 1065 kweziyi-1409. Umfakisicelo — uhulumeni wesifunda sase-Pingle.
Ukubaluleka kwamasiko: Kusukela ngo-2023 idolobhana lase-Qinglong libamba umkhosi wokuvuna (青龙采茶节); owokuqala wabanjwa mhla lu-1 kuMbasa 2023 edolobhaneni lase-Dagang (大刚村).

3. Incazelo Yezitshalo Nempahla Eluhlaza

Isitshalo: Kukholomu yesigaba somqulu wokuvikela kubhalwe kuphela 亮叶黄瑞木. Igama lesiLatini umqulu awulinikezi, kanti egameni eliseduze 亮叶杨桐 izethenjwa ziyaphikisana: i-Wikipedia yase-China ilinika njenge-Adinandra nitida, ikhathalogi ye-«Species 2000 China» ilifaka njengegama lomdabu lohlobo lwe-Adinandra glischroloma (两广杨桐). Ngisho naku-Wikipedia uhlobo lufakwa kwesinye isikhathi kuma-tea (山茶科), kwesinye kuma-pentaphylacaceae (五列木科). Ukuthi yini ngempela ekhula e-Pingle, akukwazi ukutholakala emithonjeni etholakele.
Izinga lokuvuna: Ngokwezimfuneko — ihlumela elinamaqabunga amabili elingeqi ku-4 cm ubude, ukuvunwa ngesandla ngokuhlwitha (提手采), ngaphandle kwama-scales, izithelo namagatsha amadala, kubhasikidi anomoya.
Isisekelo sasendle: Izinombolo azihambisani. Ngokwe-«Pingle County Chronicle» ka-1995 njengoba ilandiswa yizingosi zezethenjwa — izihlahla ezingaphezu kuka-20,000, amathani angama-25–30 amaqabunga amasha kanye namathani ayi-6–7.5 omkhiqizo ngonyaka; i-Yuantou yayikhiqiza kakhulu, iqabunga elivela e-Dagang lalithathwa njengelinhle kakhulu. Ngokwenye ingosi ye-zethenjwa, ngenxa yokuvunwa okonakele kusele izihlahla ezingaba ngu-10,000; umbiko wekomidi lokubonisana lezombusazwe lesifunda (2025) ukhuluma ngezihlahla zasendle eziyiminyaka eyi-229.
Ukutshala: Ngokwemibiko ye-Xinhua ne-«People’s Net» (2023), abalimi batshala kabusha izitshalo zasendle besuka emaweni beziyisa phansi ezintabeni ezingomakhelwane; ukutshala kugxile e-Dafa, e-Yuantou, e-Qinglong nase-Qiaoting.

4. I-Terroir Nezici Zokutshala

Isimo sezulu: Ngokwe-Baike — i-subtropical monsoon: isikhathi esingenasithwathwa singaphezu kwezinsuku ezingama-310, amahora okukhanya kwelanga ayi-1414–2094, izinga lokushisa elimaphakathi lingu-19.9 °C, imvula ingama-1355–1865 mm ngonyaka.
Inhlabathi: Ngokwezimfuneko — pH 4.5–6.5, i-organic matter 2–3 %, ukugeleza kwamanzi okuhle; emngceleni wezindawo ezingenanto, ihlathi namasimu batusa ukumba izindlela zokuhlukanisa.
Indawo yokuhlala: Imibhalo edumile ichaza amawa nemifudlana yasezintabeni, ukuphola nomswakama. Idatha yokuphakama ayikho emithonjeni yokuqala.

5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza

Ngokwezimfuneko zomkhiqizo ovikelwe:

Ukwethula iqabunga (摊青, tānqīng): Ngokushesha ngemva kokuvuna, ukuze umswakama usuke futhi iqabunga lihlale lisha.
Ukuqinisa (杀青, shāqīng): Ukugazinga ebhodweni lensimbi, ngemva kwalokho iqabunga lipholiswa ngokushesha.
Ukusonga (揉捻, róuniǎn): Ngesandla, kube yimicu emincane.
«Ukugazinga kathathu, ukusonga kathathu» (三炒三揉, sān chǎo sān róu): Iqabunga elisongiwe liphinde liganoswe ebhodweni, futhi umjikelezo uphindwa kathathu, ukuze iqabunga libe licinene, iziqu zibe ntekenteke, nephunga lihlanzeke.
Ukomisa kokuqala, ukupholisa, ukomisa kokugcina nokukhipha iphunga (初干、摊凉、足火、提香).
Ukupakisha.

Izimfuneko azinikezi amazinga okushisa nesikhathi; indlela ye-桂青茶 ayichazwanga emithonjeni etholakele.

6. Izici Ze-Organoleptic

Incazelo — ngokwezimfuneko zomkhiqizo ovikelwe zika-2025. Umkhiqizo uba yimicu futhi ube yimvubeko.

Ukubukeka kweqabunga elomile: Imicu — emikhulu futhi eminyene, «i-sand-green» (沙绿), ecwebezelayo, enomucu ofana nesithwathwa (霜斑). Imvubeko — iminyene, esindayo, ebushelelezi, eluhlaza okomnyama.
Iphunga leqabunga elomile: Izimfuneko zibiza iphunga ngokuthi licebile futhi lihlala isikhathi eside (香气浓郁持久), ngaphandle kokucacisa ukuthi eleqabunga elomile noma lomhluzo.
Iphunga lomhluzo: Licebile futhi lihlala isikhathi eside — ngefomula efanayo.
Ukunambitheka: Okuwugqinsi, okuthambile nokumnandi, nokubuya okumnandi okucacile (滋味浓醇甘甜，回甘明显). Ngokwe-«Guilin Daily» — «kuqala kuyaqina, bese kuba mnandi».
Umbala womhluzo: Oluhlaza ophuzi futhi okhanyayo (汤色黄绿明亮).
Izansi letiye (iqabunga elidliwe): Amahlumela namaqabunga aphelele futhi akhanyayo (叶底芽叶完整明亮).

7. Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali

Izimfuneko kumkhiqizo owomile: i-total flavonoids ingekho ngaphansi kuka-6.0 %, ushukela oncibilikayo ungekho ngaphansi kuka-1.5 %. I-«Guilin Daily» (2018) icaphuna izazi zezitshalo zase-Sun Yat-sen University ngempahla eluhlaza yasendle: flavonoids 20 %, «ama-tea polyphenols» 23.4 % nama-amino acid 9.73 %, ngaphandle kwendlela nesampula. Idatha ye-caffeine ayikho emithonjeni etholakele.

8. Izinzuzo Zezempilo

Ayikho idatha eqinisekisiwe ngomphumela walo mkhiqizo ngokuqondile. Izinhlu zokukhangisa zezici aziphindwa lapha.

9. Ukuphisa

Umkhuba wesigaba. Ayikho imiyalo ye-Pingle Shiya Cha emithonjeni etholakele; ngezansi kukhona amapharamitha avamile emihluzo ye-herbal eqabunga elisongiwe.

Izinga lokushisa lamanzi: 90–100 °C.
Inani: 2–3 g ku-150–200 ml.
Izitsha: Ingilazi yeglasi, i-gaiwan noma i-teapot ye-porcelain.
Inqubo: Umhluzo wokuqala — imizuzu emi-2–3, bese kuba nokuthululwa okuningana ngokwandisa isikhathi.

10. Ukugcina

Umkhuba wesigaba. Emaphaketheni aminyene, endaweni eyomile emnyama, kude namaphunga. Umucu oyimpuphu emicini — kuyisici somkhiqizo, hhayi isikhunta.

11. Intengo Nezingamanga

Ayikho intengo yokudayisa emithonjeni etholakele. Isilinganiso, ngokwe-«Guangxi Zhengxie Bao» (2025), — ngaphezu kwe-8000 mu yokutshala, ngaphezu kwama-300 amathani nangaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-40 zama-yuan ngonyaka. Eminye imibhalo inikeza izinombolo ezahlukile: i-«Guilin Daily» (2018) — cishe i-10,000 mu kanye namathani angaba ngu-2000 esifundeni sonke; imibiko yomkhosi wokuqala wokuvuna (2023) — i-6000 mu yokutshala, «elingisa okwasendle», namathani angaphezu kwe-120 eqabunga elomile ngonyaka. Izinombolo azivumelani.

Ukwazi ukugwema izingamanga:
- I-shiya cha, ngokwe-Baike, yenziwa nasezinye izifunda zase-Guangxi — i-Pingnan, i-Mengshan, i-Guiping, i-Jinxiu nezinye; igama elithi 平乐石崖茶 libhekisela kuphela kumpahla eluhlaza evela endaweni evikelwe. Funana uphawu lomkhiqizo onesikhombi sendawo.
- Imicu «i-sand-green» enomucu oyimpuphu noma imvubeko eluhlaza okomnyama ebushelelezi; umhluzo uphuzi oluhlaza.
- Umdayisi obiza umkhiqizo ngokuthi i-oolong noma itiye lezihlahla zasendulo zetiye uyaphikisana nomqulu wokuvikela.

12. Amaqiniso Athokozisayo

Igama lichaza indawo: 石崖 — «iwa letshe».
Indlela «yokugazinga kathathu nokusonga kathathu» ibhalwe emqulwini wokuvikela ngokwezwi nezwi.
Egameini elithi 亮叶杨桐 izethenjwa zinikeza amagama esayensi ahlukene — Adinandra nitida noma Adinandra glischroloma.

13. Ukuqhathanisa Neminye Imihluzo Engeyona Eyezihlahla Zetiye

I-Kuding (苦丁茶): Umhluzo obabayo wamaqabunga e-holly noma i-privet, nawo wenziwa e-Guangxi; i-shiya cha ezincazelweni imnandi.
I-Yongshun Meicha (永顺莓茶): Umhluzo wase-Hunan ovela emvinini, nawo unomucu oyimpuphu eqabungeni futhi unezinga le-flavonoids.
I-Xupu Yaocha (溆浦瑶茶): «Itiye elimnandi» lase-Hunan elivela emaqabungeni esihlahla somndeni we-beech, nawo umkhiqizo onesikhombi sendawo.

Ekuphetheni:

I-Pingle Shiya Cha — iqabunga lesihlahla sasendle nesitshaliwe sohlobo lwe-Adinandra, eligoswa kathathu futhi lisongwe yizigodi zase-Guiling. Umqulu wokuvikela ulichaza ngokuningiliziwe — indawo, ukuvunwa, imicu «e-sand-green» enomucu oyimpuphu, umhluzo ophuzi oluhlaza omnandi kanye nezinga le-flavonoids, — kodwa awulenzi itiye: lokhu ngumhluzo ovela emhlabeni we-«tiye» waseningizimu, lapho igama elithi 茶 lisho «lokho okuphuzwayo».