Hóngshān chá · thetea.app

I-Hongshan Cha (Hóngshān chá, 洪山茶) itiye ledolobha lase-Idū (宜都市) esifundeni sase-Yichang esifundazweni sase-Hubei, elivikelwa amamaki amabili esitifiketi anezinkomba zendawo. Abanikazi bawo womabili yi-Idū Institute of Agricultural and Livestock Biotechnology (宜都市农牧生物技术研究所). Igama lihlotshaniswa nedolobhana lase-Songmuping (松木坪镇) kulesi sifunda: uhlelo lwe-Hubei lwe-«Renmin Ribao» lubhala ukuthi ngesikhathi se-Qing «itiye lase-Hongshan» elisuka eduze kwethempeli lamaDao lase-Yuntaiguan lalithunyelwa enkantolo njengomnikelo. Ikhadi lomaki ehhovisi lezindawo zokuhlala lomfundaze lichaza ukubukeka nokunambitheka, kodwa hhayi ukucubungula, futhi isigaba asishiwongo ndawo, ngakho-ke i-athikili itholakala phakathi kwama-athikili okubuka.

1. Ukuhlukaniswa kanye nemvelaphi

Uhlobo: Akunakwa. Akukho rejista noma ikhadi lomaki elisho isigaba futhi elichaza ukucubungula; kurejista umkhiqizo ubalwa njenge-«茶叶» — iqabunga letiye. Incazelo yekhwalithi ekhadini — phansi okuluhlaza okuncane okukhanyayo kanye nokumnika, okuqhathaniswa nomhluzi wama-mung bean — kusondela kakhulu etiyeni eliluhlaza, kodwa ngaphandle kobuchwepheshe lokhu kuhlala kuyinkolelo.
Isigaba: Itiye lendawo elinomlando; amamaki amabili esitifiketi anezinkomba zendawo.
Imvelaphi: I-China, isifundazwe sase-Hubei (湖北, Húběi), isifunda sase-Yichang (宜昌, Yíchāng), idolobha lase-Idū (宜都, Yídū), idolobhana lase-Songmuping (松木坪镇), indawo yase-Hongshan.
Indawo evikelwe: Ayikho imingcele yesifunda evela emithethweni yokusebenzisa amamaki eyatholakala emithonjeni. I-registry ikhombisa kuphela ubunikazi bomphathi — i-Idū.
Izixhumanisi zendawo: Idolobha lase-Idū — cishe u-30° enyakatho kanye no-111° empumalanga; umthombo awunikanga indawo eqondile yezingadi.

2. Umlando nokubaluleka kwamasiko

Umlando:
- I-Qing. Isihloko esingaphansi kwesithombe sohlelo lwe-Hubei lwe-«Renmin Ribao» (Julayi 2020) sithi kakade ngesikhathi se-Qing «i-洪山茶» evela eduze kwethempeli lase-Yuntaiguan yayithunyelwa enkantolo njengomnikelo (贡茶, gòngchá). I-athikili ayisho imibhalo noma izinsuku zokulethwa.
- Incwadi ekhuluma ngezinto ezikhethekile zase-Idū inikeza okunye ukuxhumana: itiye lenziwa e-Hongjia Daling ridge (洪家大岭) maqondana nethempeli lase-Chayuansi (茶园寺) e-Songmuping, futhi «eminyakeni engamakhulu amane edlule» lalibalwa njengomnikelo. Incwadi isebenzisa amagama amadala okuphatha — «isifunda sase-Idū», «i-commune yase-Songmuping», — ngakho-ke akucaci ukuthi iminyaka engamakhulu amane ibalwa kusukela kunyaka onjani. Ikhadi lomaki libiza indawo ngokuthi «松木坪洪山大龄» — kufana ne-ridge yencwadi, kodwa ubunikazi, kanye nokuxhumana kwe-ridge nezindawo eziseduze ne-Yuntaiguan, imithombo ayikuqinisekisi.
- 2014. Ngokohlu lwehhovisi lezindawo zokuhlala lesifundazwe (idatha kaMeyi 2020), umaki wokuqala wesitifiketi «洪山茶», inombolo 13836054, wawuvikelwe kusukela ngo-28 Agasti 2014 kuya ku-27 Agasti 2024. Akucaci ukuthi yandisiwe yini, azikho izincwadi ezitholakele.
- 2017. Umaki wesibili, inombolo 19423166 — kusukela ngo-28 Disemba 2017 kuya ku-27 Disemba 2027. Womabili — isigaba 30, umkhiqizo «茶叶», umnikazi — i-Idū Institute of Biotechnology.
- 2023. Ihhovisi lezindawo zokuhlala lase-Hubei ohlwini lwama-29 lwabasebenzisi bophawu olukhethekile lwenkomba yendawo (isaziso sango-28 Ephreli 2023) livumele izinkampani ezintathu zesifunda sase-Yichang ukuthi zilubeke kumamaki womabili.
Igama: 洪山 (Hóngshān) — «intaba i-Hong»; 茶 — itiye. Igama lifana negama lendawo ese-Songmuping, lapho, ngokwekhadi lomaki, itiye likhula khona.
Ukubaluleka kwamasiko: Ithempeli lase-Yuntaiguan (云台观), umthetho wephephandaba elixhumanisa nomnikelo, limi entabeni i-Yuntai (云台山) edolobhaneni lase-Shuangjingsi (双井寺村) lesifunda sase-Songmuping. Leli yizwe lendabuko lesikole samaDao se-Qingwei (清微派); ithempeli, ngokusho kwalolu shicilelo, lineminyaka engaphezu kuka-700.

3. Incazelo yesayensi yezitshalo kanye nezinto zokusetshenziswa

Izinhlobo / Cultivar: Ayikho emithonjeni etholakele.
Izinto zokusetshenziswa, isikhathi kanye nezinga lokuqoqa: Ayikho imininingwane emithonjeni etholakele.

4. I-terroir kanye nezici zokutshala

Indawo: Ngokwekhadi lomaki, ukutshala kugxile endaweni yase-Hongshan yesifunda sase-Songmuping.
Indawo kanye nomkhiqizo: Ngokwekhadi — cishe ama-150 mu ezingadi, cishe ama-45 000 kg wetiye ngonyaka kanye nenani lomkhiqizo elingaba yizigidi ezingu-80 zama-yuan; ukuthengiswa ikakhulu kwasendaweni, isidingo, ngokwekhadi, siphezulu kunokunikezwayo. Ikhadi alisho unyaka noma indlela yokubala.
Ukuphakama kokutshala: Ithempeli limi ekuphakameni ama-880 m; imithombo ayisho ukuphakama kwezingadi ngokwazo.
Isimo sezulu: Ngokwe-«Renmin Ribao» — umoya ohlanzekile kanye nokwehlukana okukhulu kokushisa phakathi kosuku nobusuku; iphephandaba libiza indawo njengehle kakhulu etiyeni le-organic. Ayikho eminye imininingwane.
Umhlabathi: Ayikho imininingwane emithonjeni etholakele.

5. Ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza

Ubuchwepheshe abuchazwanga emithonjeni etholakele, futhi isigaba asaziwa, ngakho-ke ngisho nesikimu esijwayelekile sesigaba asikwazi ukunikezwa.

Lolu shicilelo olufanayo lukhuluma ngetiye lendawo le-organic «i-Songyun Baijian» (松云白尖, sōngyún báijiān), «elikhule» kulezi zindawo. Emsatsheni akulandeli ukuthi umkhiqizo ofanayo noma ukuthi ubuchwepheshe bujwayelekile.

6. Izici ze-organoleptic

Incazelo eyodwa kuphela — ikhadi lomaki ekushicilelweni kwehhovisi lezindawo zokuhlala lesifundazwe.

Ukubukeka kweqabunga elomile: Lincane, lisontekile futhi lisindayo, linoboya obusiliva obuvelayo futhi linezihloko ezicacile; umbala usagolide ophuzi noluhlaza okufihlekile (外形细紧重实，银毫显露，锋苗好，色泽金黄隐翠).
Iphunga leqabunga elomile: Ayikho incazelo ehlukile.
Iphunga lokumnika: Linuka kamnandi futhi lihlala njalo (芳香持久); ikhadi alicacisi ukuthi leli leqabunga noma lokumnika.
Ukunambitheka: Kugcwele, kuqabulayo, kunobumnandi obupholile (滋味醇爽甘凉); itiye limelana nokuchithwa okuningi (经久耐泡).
Umbala wokumnika: Ukhanya, umnene (汤色清嫩).
Iqabunga letiye (iqabunga elenziwe): Luhlaza okuncane, likhanya (叶底嫩绿鲜明).

Ikhadi lifingqa ikhwalithi ngezimpawu ezine: umbala osagolide, ukumnika okunjengomhluzi wama-mung bean, ukunambitheka okumnandi okupholile kanye nephunga elimnandi (金黄色、绿豆汤、甘凉味、芬芳香).

7. Ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali

Ikhadi lomaki linikeza «imininingwane yokuhlaziywa kwelebhu»: i-extract encibilikayo emanzini engu-46,22 %, ama-polyphenols etiye angu-26,76 %, i-amine nitrogen engu-311,53 mg nge-100 g yetiye elomile. Isixwayiso: izinombolo ezimbili zokuqala kuya kumakhulu zifana nekhadi lomnyango ofanayo letiye elihlukile — i-Xiangshuicun Yecha (香水村野茶) evela esifundeni sase-Wufeng, lapho kuhluke khona kuphela i-amine nitrogen. Ngakho-ke akunakuthathwa njengokulinganisa okuzimele; ikhadi alisho unyaka, ilebhu noma indlela.

8. Ukuphisa

Umkhuba wesigaba — kanti isigaba asaziwa. Ngetiye eliluhlaza ngokuvamile 80–85 °C no-3 g nge-150 ml ngokumnika kokuqala imizuzwana engu-40–60; kokubomvu — 90–95 °C nokumnika kokuqala cishe umzuzu. Azikho izincomo zabakhiqizi emithonjeni etholakele.

9. Ukugcina

Umkhuba wesigaba. Itiye eliluhlaza — ephakejini elivalekile esiqandisini ku-0–5 °C; elibomvu — endaweni eyomile emnyama ekushiseni kwegumbi. Kuzo zombili izimo — kude nokukhanya, umswakama nephunga.

10. Intengo nama-fake

Ayikho imininingwane yezintengo emithonjeni etholakele.

Uzivikela kanjani kuma-fake:
- Hlola uphawu olukhethekile lwenkomba yendawo kanye nenombolo yomaki — inombolo 13836054 noma 19423166.
- Qhathanisa umkhiqizi nohlu lwabasebenzisi bophawu, olushicilelwa ihhovisi lezindawo zokuhlala lase-Hubei.
- Ungadidanisi ne-«鄂洪山菜苔» yesifunda sase-Wuhan sase-Hongshan (洪山区): lokhu kungumaki wesitifiketi ohlukile wemifino i-caitai, inombolo 3958379, ongahlobene netiye.
- Ungadidanisi netiye lentaba i-Dahongshan (大洪山) enyakatho yesifundazwe: lapho, esifundeni sase-Suixian, kunedolobhana lase-Hongshan (洪山镇) elinendawo enkulu yetiye, futhi inkampani yase-Suizhou ithumela itiye ngomaki we-«大洪山» — lokhu kuyindawo ehlukile negama elihlukile.
- Ikhadi lomaki lichaza ukubukeka nokunambitheka, kodwa izindlela zokuhlola ubuqiniso ngazo imithombo ayinikezi.

11. Amaqiniso athakazelisayo

Itiye elilodwa linamamaki amabili esitifiketi anomnikazi owodwa negama elilodwa — lokubhaliswa kuka-2014 no-2017.
Umnikazi wamamaki — akusiyona inhlangano yetiye futhi akusiyona inkampani, kodwa i-institute yesifunda ye-biotechnology.
Ikhadi lomaki libiza itiye lase-Hongshan ngetiye elingcono kakhulu lase-Idū, futhi izingadi zalo zincane kakhulu: cishe ama-150 mu.
Igama elithi «洪山» e-Hubei liphinde lisetshenziswe isifunda sase-Wuhan nedolobhana eliseduze ne-Dahongshan; umaki wetiye we-Idū awuhlobene nakunye kwalokhu.

12. Ukuqhathanisa namanye amatiye

I-Idū Tianran Fuxin Cha (宜都天然富锌茶): Itiye eliluhlaza entshonalanga yesifunda esifanayo, ngaphansi komaki ohlanganyelwe kusukela ngo-2007.
I-Idū Yihong Cha (宜都宜红茶): Itiye elibomvu lase-Idū, elivikelwe njengenkomba yendawo; isigaba salo, ngokungafani ne-Hongshan Cha, simisiwe.
I-Zhongxiang Yunwu Cha (钟祥云雾茶): Itiye eliluhlaza lasentabeni ledolobha lase-Zhongxiang, elihlotshaniswa nengxenye eseningizimu yezintaba ze-Dahongshan, — isibonelo salowo «omunye u-Hongshan».

Ekuphetheni:

I-Hongshan Cha yigama elinomlando womnikelo kanye namamaki amabili esitifiketi, ngawo ngo-2023 ilungelo lophawu lwalunikezwa, nencazelo emfushane yekhwalithi, kodwa ngaphandle kwencazelo yokucubungula. Imibhalo iqinisekisa umnikazi, izinombolo, izinsuku kanye nabasebenzisi bophawu; ikhadi lomaki — iqabunga elincane elinoboya elinombala osagolide nokuhlaza okufihlekile, ukumnika okukhanyayo nokunambitheka okumnandi okupholile; iphephandaba — indawo eduze kwethempeli lase-Yuntaiguan ekuphakameni cishe kwama-880 m. Isigaba, izinhlobo kanye nobuchwepheshe emithonjeni etholakele akudaluliwe: kungadalulwa kuphela ngombhalo wemithetho yokusebenzisa umaki.