Yídū tiānrán fùxīn chá

Idu Tianran Fuxin Cha (Yídū tiānrán fùxīn chá, 宜都天然富锌茶) «itiye lemvelo elicebile nge-zinc» lase-Idu: itiye eliluhlaza lasentshonalanga lezintaba lasedolobheni i-Idu (宜都市) esifundeni sase-Yichang, esifundazweni sase-Hubei. Isifunda esiyinhloko yi-Panjiawan-Tujia Township (潘家湾土家族乡). Igama lisekelwe uphawu olulodwa: ngokwemithombo yezindaba yesifundazwe, i-zinc emhlabathini wale township iphindwe kabili kunesilinganiso sesifundazwe, kanti etiyeni iphindwe kabili kunesilinganiso saseChina. Kusukela ngo-2007 igama livikelwe uphawu lweqoqo olunophawu lwendawo.

1. Ukuhlukaniswa kanye Nemvelaphi

Uhlobo: Itiye eliluhlaza (绿茶, lǜchá) ngokwezincazelo zezincwadi. Kurejista yezimpawu umkhiqizo uvezwa nje ngokuthi «茶».
Isigaba: Itiye lezempilo, lakhiwa ekuqaleni kweminyaka yawo-1990; uphawu lweqoqo olunophawu lwendawo (2007). Igama lesibili «高锌茶», «itiye eline-zinc ephezulu».
Imvelaphi: I-China, isifundazwe sase-Hubei (湖北, Húběi), isifunda sase-Yichang (宜昌, Yíchāng), idolobha lase-Idu (宜都, Yídū), i-Panjiawan Township; incwadi ibiza ne-Wangjiafan Township (王家畈乡).
Indawo evikelwe: Iminqamulajuqu yemithetho yokusebenzisa uphawu ayitholakali emithonjeni etholakele; irejista ikhombisa kuphela ubunikazi bomnikazi, i-Idu.
Izixhumanisi zendawo: Cishe u-30° N no-111° E; ngokombiko womhlangano wabameleli besifunda (2022), i-30th parallel idlula kule township.

2. Umlando kanye Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko

Umlando:
- 1990–1993. Izincwadi zibiza leli tiye njengohlobo olusha lwezempilo, olwakhiwa ochwepheshe base-Idu ngaphansi kobuholi bukaprofesa we-Zhejiang Agricultural University u-Zhang Tangheng (张堂恒). Amakomidi esayensi nobuchwepheshe e-Idu, e-Yichang nase-Hubei alibona njengomkhiqizo omusha wesayensi nobuchwepheshe. Ngokwencazelo yencwadi, ngoNovemba 1992 ochwepheshe abayishumi nanye betiye nokudla baphetha ngokuthi itiye elinjalo laziswa okokuqala ezweni.
- 1994. Isimo somkhiqizo omusha ezingeni likahulumeni kanye nephrojekthi eyisibonelo yohlelo lukahulumeni. Ku-«Hubei Ribao» ibhalwe njenge-«星人计划», cishe iphutha lokubhala esikhundleni se-«星火计划», uhlelo lwe-«Spark».
- 1997. Isicoco sophawu lwendawo oludumile lwase-Hubei embukisweni wesithathu wezolimo waseChina; isampula lalethwa e-China Tea Museum. Incwadi efanayo ikhuluma nge-«Golden Cup» yase-Hubei yokwaneliseka kwabathengi, igolide lomncintiswano we-«Lu Yu» kanye nohlu lweshumi lwamatiye adumile esifundeni sase-Three Gorges.
- 2007. NgoSepthemba 14 igama labhaliswa njengophawu lweqoqo olunophawu lwendawo. Umnikazi yi-association yetiye elihlanzekile lemvelo elicebile nge-zinc lase-Panjiawan Township (宜都市潘家湾土家族乡无公害天然富锌茶叶协会).
- 2013. Ngokombiko wango-2015 ngemikhiqizo yase-Idu, inani lomkhiqizo ngo-2013 lalinganiselwa ku-339 million yuan.
- 2023. NgoJulayi i-township yahlanganisa abameleli bezinkampani zetiye ukudingida ukuvuselelwa kwenhlangano yetiye yase-Panjiawan nokuvikelwa komkhiqizo: ngokwezwi lomphathi we-township, amakhophirethivu anezimpawu zawo eziningi, uphawu olujwayelekile «alubuthwanga ndawonye».
Igama: 宜都 Idu; 天然 «okwemvelo»; 富锌 «okucebile nge-zinc»; 茶 itiye.
Ukubaluleka kwamasiko: I-Panjiawan ingelinye lama-township esizwe ayishumi nambili ase-Hubei futhi okuwukuphela kwawo esifundeni sase-Yichang. Umhlangano wesifunda ubalula phakathi kwamasiko endawo ukwenziwa kwetiye ngesandla, «umkhosi wamadodakazi ezwe letiye» (茶乡女儿会) kanye nemincintiswano yetiye.

3. Incazelo Yezitshalo Kanye Nezinto Zokusetshenziswa

Uhlobo / Cultivar: Akubaluliwe emithonjeni etholakele.
Isikhathi sokuvuna: Ngokwesiko, ukuvuna kune ezine ngonyaka: entwasahlobo, «ehlobo lokuqala» (夏头茶), itiye lesikhathi esishisayo (伏茶) kanye nasekwindla, kuze kube ngu-Oktoba. Ngo-2023 i-township yayishintshela ekuvuneni kathathu: ngaphandle kwasekwindla, «ukuvalwa» kwezingadi ekuqaleni kukaSepthemba ukuze izihlahla ziphumule ngaphambi kwentwasahlobo.
Izinga lokuvuna kanye nezidingo zezinto zokusetshenziswa: Ayikho imininingwane emithonjeni etholakele.

4. I-Terroir kanye Nezici Zokutshala

Isifunda: Intshonalanga yezintaba yase-Idu; i-township (147,5 km²) inomngcele nezifunda zase-Wufeng ne-Changyang.
Indawo: I-karst, amagquma nemifantu. Izingadi zisakazeke ngeziza ezincane phakathi kwehlathi, ukukhanya kuhlakazekile; abezindaba babhala ngemvelo ye-«hlathi-itiye». Idolobhana lase-Lüjiaao (吕家坳村) liphakathi kwehlathi lamatshe le-Ordovician.
Ukuphakama kokutshala: Ikakhulukazi 500–800 m («Hubei Ribao»).
Isimo sezulu: I-subtropical monsoon, enemvula; izinga lokushisa eliphakathi ngonyaka liyi-16,3 °C, umehluko wokushisa nobusuku nemini mkhulu.
Inhlabathi: Ngokwezwi le-agronomist yesifunda, iyavuleka, ikakhulukazi i-acidic, icebile nge-organic matter namaminerali. I-zinc, ngokwemithombo «yemiphakathi enegunya» njengoba iculwa abezindaba, ingu-98,3–119 ppm, okuphindwe kabili kunesilinganiso sesifundazwe; incwadi igqamisa «ibhande le-zinc» elingaba ngu-70 000 mu.
Ubungako bezingadi: Incwadi ikhuluma ngo-33 500 mu wezingadi zetiye lemvelo elicebile nge-zinc e-Idu, ezifundeni zase-Panjiawan, e-Wangjiafan nakwezinye. Lonke itiye lase-Panjiawan Township lingu-33 000 mu ngokwe-«Hubei Ribao» (2023) kanye nangaphezulu kuka-30 000 ngokomhlangano wesifunda (2022). Edolobhaneni lase-Lüjiaao kusukela ezingaphezulu kuka-4000 kuya ku-4650 mu.
Ukunakekela: Ezingadini eziyisibonelo, ukususa ukhula ngesandla esikhundleni se-herbicide, izicupho ezinkantjisiwe kanye nezibani zelanga esikhundleni se-insecticide, i-organic matter esikhundleni sikamanyolo wamaminerali.

5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza

Ayikho incazelo yokucubungula emithonjeni etholakele. Incwadi ibala uchungechunge: «izinaliti zesiliva ze-zinc» (富锌银针), «i-zinc yunwu» (富锌云雾), «i-zinc enhanced green» (富锌优绿), itiye lezimbali le-zinc kanye netiye ne-ginkgo; ubuchwepheshe balulunye aluchazwanga.

Uhlelo olujwayelekile lwetiye eliluhlaza, hhayi incazelo yaleli tiye:

Ukuvuthwa kweqabunga (摊放, tānfàng): Iqabunga likhipha ingxenye yomswakama.
Ukulungiswa (杀青, shāqīng): Ukushisa kumisa i-oxidation.
Ukusongwa (揉捻, róuniǎn).
Ukomiswa (干燥, gānzào).

6. Izici Ze-Organoleptic

Incazelo eyodwa kuphela etholakele, imininingwane emfushane ngomkhiqizo wase-Idu.

Ukubukeka kweqabunga elomile: Amacembe etiye aqinile, amahle, alinganayo anoboya obubonakalayo; aluhlaza okotshani, anokucwebezela okunamafutha (条索紧秀匀整显毫，色泽翠绿油润).
Iphunga leqabunga elomile: Ayikho incazelo ehlukile.
Iphunga lokumpontshelwa: Kujulile futhi kuqhubekayo (香气浓郁持久); imininingwane ayicacisi ukuthi iqabunga noma ukumpontshelwa.
Ukunambitheka: Okusha, okunamandla, nobumnandi obubuyayo (滋味鲜爽回甘).
Umbala wokumpontshelwa: Uluhlaza ophaphathekile, okhanyayo.
Izindonga zetiye (iqabunga eliphisiwe): Uluhlaza ophaphathekile, okhanyayo (汤色、叶底嫩绿明亮).

7. Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali

Ngokwe-«Hubei Ribao» (2023), etiyeni lase-Panjiawan kune-80 mg/kg ye-zinc uma kuqhathaniswa nesilinganiso saseChina esingu-40,6 mg/kg; incwadi yengeza izilinganiso zase-Japan (34,6) nase-Sri Lanka (35). Ingosi yesifunda kamuva yabika u-60 mg/kg; akukwazanga ukuphinde kuhlolwe lelo khasi. Imithombo ayizibizi izindlela, iminyaka kanye namasampula, lezi ziyizinombolo ezibikiwe. Umkhawulo we-zinc wetiye ngaphansi kophawu awutholakali emibhalweni etholakele, futhi ayikho eminye imininingwane ye-physicochemical.

8. Izakhiwo Eziwusizo

Ayikho imininingwane eqinisekisiwe ngomphumela waleli tiye ngokwalo. Imibhalo yokukhangisa ibiza i-zinc ngokuthi «inhlansi yempilo», kodwa lokhu kungamazwi mayelana ne-microelement, hhayi ucwaningo ngaleli tiye.

9. Ukuphisa

Umkhuba wekilasi letiye eliluhlaza.

Izinga lokushisa lamanzi: 80–85 °C.
Ubuningi betiye: 3 g ku-150 ml.
Impahla: Ingilazi ebonakalayo noma i-gaiwan emhlophe.
Inqubo:
1. Fudumeza impahla.
2. Faka itiye, thela amanzi ngasodongeni.
3. Ukumpontshelwa kokuqala, imizuzwana engama-40–60.
4. Phuza, ushiye ingxenye yokumpontshelwa.
5. Thela amanzi futhi.
6. Ukuphindaphinda kabili noma kathathu.

10. Ukugcinwa

Umkhuba wekilasi. Ukupakishwa okuvalekile, isiqandisi ku-0–5 °C, ngaphandle kokukhanya, umswakama nephunga; phuza phakathi nonyaka.

11. Intengo kanye Nomgunyathi

Ayikho imininingwane ngezintengo zokudayisa emithonjeni etholakele.

Ukwazi ukugwema umgunyathi:
- Bheka igama elibhalisiwe: ngokohlu lwehhovisi lesifundazwe lempahla yengqondo (Meyi 2020) lolu uphawu lweqoqo # 4686327, isigaba 30, umnikazi yi-Panjiawan association, isikhathi kusukela ngo-Septhemba 14, 2017 kuya ku-Septhemba 13, 2027.
- Qinisekisa ukuthi umkhiqizi ungowasentshonalanga ye-Idu.
- I-zinc ayinakunambitheka, kuphela iphrothokholi yaselabhorethri.
- Umhlangano wesifunda wakhumbula ukuthi ukweqisa kwezinsalela ze-pesticide noshukela owenezelwa ekucubunguleni kwesinye isikhathi kwacishe kwalahlekisela itiye lendawo imakethe: ubumnandi «obunezithasiselo» buyisizathu sokuqaphela.

12. Amaqiniso Athakazelisayo

Idolobhana lase-Lüjiaao libizwa njengendawo eyinhloko yetiye le-zinc kanye nendawo yokuzalwa kwe-Idu Yihong ebomvu.
Irejista ka-2020 ibala uphawu njengolweqoqo, kanti i-«Hubei Ribao» ngo-2023 ibiza uphawu lokuqinisekisa; irejista lapha ingumthombo oyinhloko.
Akulona itiye lakudala, kodwa liwumkhiqizo wase-1990s ekuqaleni.

13. Ukuqhathanisa Namanye Amatiye

Idu Yihong Cha (宜都宜红茶): Itiye elibomvu lesifunda esifanayo, elinendawo yedolobhana elifanayo.
Hongshan Cha (洪山茶): Omunye umkhiqizo wetiye wase-Idu, oqinisekisiwe, oxhumene nedolobhana lase-Songmuping.
Caihua Maojian (采花毛尖): Itiye eliluhlaza lesifunda esingumakhelwane sase-Wufeng.
Enshi Xicha (恩施硒茶): Igama lase-Hubei elakhelwe kwesinye isici senhlabathi, i-selenium.

Ekuphetheni:

I-Idu Tianran Fuxin Cha itiye eliluhlaza lasezintabeni lase-Panjiawan lama-Tujia, iphrojekthi yasekuqaleni kweminyaka yawo-1990 ngaphansi kophawu lweqoqo kusukela ngo-2007. Umehluko walo uncike enombolweni eyodwa kuphela, i-zinc, esabikwa ngaphandle kwendlela. Okuthembekile kakhulu ngaye yirejista, izingadi zamahlathi ku-500–800 m kanye nencazelo emfushane: iqabunga eliluhlaza okotshani elinoboya nokunambitheka okusha nobumnandi obubuyayo.

Imithombo

Inkomba yendawo

湖北省知识产权局地理标志证明/集体商标名录 №4686327

Uhlu oluphelele — ekhasini elithi Imithombo