I-Chénglóuzhài Chá (Chénglóuzhài chá, 城楼寨茶) itiye eliluhlaza eliyisicaba lasentabeni i-Chénglóuzhài ekomitini yasemgwaqweni i-Jiǔjiē (旧街街道) esifundeni sase-Xīnzhōu (新洲区) empumalanga ye-Wǔhàn, esifundazweni sase-Húběi. Intaba engamamitha angu-345 ukuphakama iyiphuzu eliphakeme kakhulu lase-Jiǔjiē, futhi igama layo lanikezwa inqaba yamatshe yangesikhathi se-Taiping Rebellion, efana nombhoshongo wesango lodonga lwedolobha. Kusukela ngo-2013 igama livikelwe wuphawu lwesitifiketi se-geographical, okuwuphawu oludala kwezintathu zetiye zekomiti eyodwa yasemgwaqweni. Isigaba asiqanjwanga kuphawu, kodwa sisohlwini lwesifundazwe lwamagugu angaphatheki (2024).
1. Ukuhlukaniswa kanye Nemvelaphi
- Uhlobo: Itiye eliluhlaza (绿茶, lǜchá) elingavutshelwanga. Uphawu lukhishelwe impahla ethi “itiye” (茶叶) ngaphandle kwesigaba; isigaba siqanjwe ohlwini lwesikhombisa lwesifundazwe lwamagugu angaphatheki e-Húběi, uhulumeni wesifundazwe alugunyaza ngoZibandlela 2024: ohlwini lokwelulwa kwalolu hlu ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza itiye i-Chénglóuzhài (城楼寨茶叶制作技艺, umfakisicelo isifunda i-Xīnzhōu) busohlwini lwenombolo VIII-27 “Ubuciko Bokukhiqiza Itiye Eliluhlaza” (绿茶制作技艺), eduze nobuchwepheshe bamanye amatiye amathathu aluhlaza ase-Húběi. Lona ukuphela kombhalo otholakele oqamba isigaba; uphawu ngokwalo, izinga, noma izidingo zekhwalithi aziliqambi. Lokhu kuvumelana nezincazelo: iqabunga eliyisicaba, ukunambitheka okuluhlaza okuncane. Isimo kodwa sashintsha: ngo-1951 ifektri yayikhiqiza itiye eligoqiwe.
- Isigaba: Itiye eliluhlaza eliyisicaba elinophawu lwesitifiketi se-geographical (证明商标, zhèngmíng shāngbiāo); “uphawu oludala” (老字号, lǎozìhào) lase-Wǔhàn nesifundazwe sase-Húběi.
- Imvelaphi: I-China, isifundazwe sase-Húběi (湖北, Húběi), idolobha i-Wǔhàn (武汉, Wǔhàn), isifunda i-Xīnzhōu (新洲, Xīnzhōu), ikomiti yasemgwaqweni i-Jiǔjiē (旧街, Jiùjiē), intaba i-Chénglóuzhài emngceleni ne-Tuánfēng County (团风县).
- Indawo evikelwe: Irejista yesifundazwe ikhomba isifunda i-Xīnzhōu njengobunikazi bokuphatha bomnikazi wophawu; umngcele womthetho wendawo angiwuhlolanga.
- Uphawu: Uphawu lwesitifiketi se-geographical No. 10479862, impahla “itiye”. Isikhathi sokuqala kusukela ngomhla ka-28 Juni 2013 kuya ku-27 Juni 2023. Umnikazi angimbonanga kurejista; amaphephandaba abhala ngenhlangano yetiye yase-Chénglóuzhài (2011), umnyombo wayo oyifektri yetiye yase-Chénglóuzhài (新洲区旧街城楼寨茶厂). Ohlwini lwabasebenzisi bophawu lwe-Hubei Intellectual Property Office (Januwari 2026) ilungelo lefektri lisebenza kuze kube ngumhla ka-27 Juni 2033: uphawu lunwetshiwe.
- Izixhumanisi zendawo: Azikho izixhumanisi eziqondile zentaba emithonjeni etholakele.
2. Umlando kanye Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko
- Umlando:
- Iminyaka yase-Xiánfēng (咸丰), maphakathi nekhulu le-19. Ngokombhalo wemnyuziyamu yedijithali “yophawu oludala” yoMnyango Wezohwebo, umuntu wasekhaya u-Hú Bǎiwàn (胡百万) eminyakeni yokuqala ye-Taiping Rebellion waqoqa ibutho futhi waziqinisa entabeni i-Chénglóuzhài; amabutho azondla ngomhlaba wawo futhi ngaleso sikhathi aqala ukutshala nokwenza itiye.
- 1951. Ngokombhalo wemnyuziyamu, eduze kwamanxiwa enqaba kwasungulwa ifektri yetiye yase-Chénglóuzhài: 60 mu yezingadi ezintsha, abasebenzi abangu-12, itiye eligoqwe ngesandla (卷曲形). Kwenye indawo umbhalo ubhala ngokuhlukile: ngo-1951 kwasungulwa ixhaphozi lehlathi i-Yānlǐwān (烟李湾林场), ifektri yahlukana kulo ngemva kuka-1978.
- 1995–1999. Ngokombhalo ofanayo, ifektri yayibambelele etiyeni eliyisicaba elenziwe ngesandla, yathola umklomelo walo e-Húběi futhi yaqeqesha izingcweti ezingaba ngu-70; kusukela lapho kwaqiniswa itiye eliyisicaba “Bìfēng” (碧峰). Ngeminyaka yawo-2000 ifektri yaba yeyangasese futhi yashintshela kakhulu ekukhiqizeni ngomshini; itiye elenziwe ngesandla lalenziwa kancane.
- 2003–2006. Isitifiketi setiye le-organic (2003) kanye negolide lomncintiswano “Èchá bēi” (鄂茶杯, 2006).
- 2010. Embukisweni wamazwe ngamazwe wetiye wase-Shanghai “Bìfēng” oyisicaba wefektri wathola igolide.
- 2011. Isimo “sophawu oludala” lwase-Wǔhàn eqenjini lokuqala.
- 2013. Ukubhaliswa kophawu lwesitifiketi se-geographical.
- 2014–2015. Itiye lafakwa ohlwini lwesifunda lwamagugu angaphatheki (2014), ubuchwepheshe bayo bokukhiqiza bafakwa kohlu lwedolobha (Agasti 2015).
- 2021. Ngomhla ka-9 Disemba uMnyango Wezohwebo wesifundazwe sase-Húběi waqaphela itiye “njengophawu oludala lwase-Húběi”.
- 2024. Ubuchwepheshe bangena ohlwini lwesikhombisa lwesifundazwe lwamagugu angaphatheki e-Húběi, ohlwini lokwelulwa, inomboro VIII-27 “Ubuciko Bokukhiqiza Itiye Eliluhlaza”.
- Ukuqhubeka: Umbhalo wemnyuziyamu ubala izizukulwane ezinhlanu zezingcweti, kusukela kuthisha kuya kumfundi.
- Igama: 城楼 (chénglóu) umbhoshongo wesango lodonga lwedolobha, 寨 (zhài) inqaba yasezintabeni, 茶 (chá) itiye. Igama lentaba netiye lanikezwa inqaba yamatshe.
- Ukubaluleka kwamasiko: Ukunconywa okuyinhloko kwendawo kwaleli tiye yisisho esithi “uma seliphuzwa isikhathi eside alibomvu, uma seligcinwe isikhathi eside aloni” (久泡不变红，久放不变质). Umbhalo wemnyuziyamu uxhumanisa lesi sisho, ngokwesiko, nomthombo ethempelini le-Dragon King ngaphakathi kwenqaba: amanzi kuwo ayehlala ezingeni elifanayo unyaka wonke, futhi itiye eliphuzwe ngawo kuthiwa lalingafiphali isikhathi eside.
3. Incazelo Yezitshalo kanye Nezinto Ezingavuthiwe
- I-cultivar: Akuqanjwanga kuphawu. Ngokombhalo wemnyuziyamu, ngeminyaka yawo-2010 ifektri yathola izinhlobo ze-clonal (无性系, wúxìngxì), ngaphandle kokuziqamba, futhi yandisa izingadi zafinyelela ku-1200 mu.
- Ingadi endala: Ngokombhalo ofanayo, emmanxiweni enqaba kusekhona ingadi engu-20 mu, eyatshalwa ngesikhathi samabutho; azikho izilinganiso zobudala bezihlahla.
- Izinto ezingavuthiwe, izinga nesikhathi sokuvuna: Ayikho idatha emithonjeni etholakele.
4. I-Terroir kanye Nezici Zokutshala
- Isifunda: Intaba i-Chénglóuzhài iseningizimu-mpumalanga yenkaba yase-Jiǔjiē, emngceleni ne-Tuánfēng County, emagqumeni aseningizimu ezintaba zase-Dàbiéshān (大别山, Dàbiéshān).
- Ukwakheka komhlaba: Imigqa yezintaba egobile, izendlalelo zeziqongo nezigodi. Inqaba ingenye “yezinqaba ezingamashumi amane nesishiyagalombili zase-Qíhuáng” (蕲黄四十八寨) futhi iyisikhumbuzo sezinga ledolobha; kulolu chungechunge kukhona nenqaba engumakhelwane i-Dāolóuzhài.
- Ukuphakama kokutshala: 345 m yiphuzu eliphakeme kakhulu lase-Jiǔjiē.
- Isimo sezulu nenhlabathi: Ayikho idatha emithonjeni etholakele.
5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza
Okwaziwayo ngokwemibhalo kuncane: isimo siyisicaba, itiye elenziwe ngesandla lenziwa kancane eduze kwelomshini, futhi eduze kwefektri kuneqembu elibuyisela ubuchwepheshe bezandla. Amapharamitha okucubungula awekho emithonjeni etholakele.
Uhlelo olujwayelekile lwamatiye aluhlaza ayisicaba yilolu: ukuhlakazwa kweqabunga elisha (摊放, tānfàng), ukulungiswa ebhodweni (杀青, shāqīng), ukuqondisa (理条, lǐtiáo), ukunikeza isimo esiyisicaba (压扁, yābiǎn), ukuqedela nokomisa (辉锅, huīguō). Lolu uhlelo olujwayelekile lwesigaba, hhayi incazelo yobuchwepheshe be-Chénglóuzhài Chá: amapharamitha abo awatholakali emithonjeni.
6. Izici Zokuzwa
- Ukubukeka kweqabunga elomile: Eliyisicaba, eliqondile nelizacile, elibushelelezi nelilinganayo (扁平挺秀，光滑齐匀). Umbala uluhlaza ngokuphuzi (绿中显黄), ngokwesintu “umbala werayisi elingahlanjululwanga” (糙米色).
- Iphunga leqabunga elomile: Azikho izincazelo emithonjeni etholakele.
- Iphunga lokuphuzwa: Iphunga le-chestnut eliqhubekayo (栗香持久), njengoba kubhala amaphephandaba; embhalweni wemnyuziyamu kubhalwe 粟香, “iphunga le-millet”. Ukuthi yikuphi ukubhala okulungile, akunakunqunywa ngemithombo etholakele.
- Ukunambitheka: Okumnandi, okusha nokuthambile (味甘鲜醇); iwebhusayithi eyinkomba ibhala ukuthi uphakeme, uvuselelayo, uthambile futhi ugcwele (滋味高爽醇厚). Amaphephandaba nombhalo wemnyuziyamu bengeza ukuthi iphunga lihlala emlonyeni, futhi emphinjeni kunokubuya okumnandi (润喉回甘).
- Umbala wokuphuzwa: Uluhlaza okuncane futhi ukhanya (汤色嫩绿明亮).
- Izinsalela zetiye (iqabunga eliphuziwe): Elihlelekile (叶底匀一, emaphephandabeni kuthiwa 均一); eminye imininingwane ayikho emithonjeni etholakele.
7. Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali
Ayikho idatha ye-physicochemical emithonjeni etholakele.
8. Ukuphuza
Inkambiso yesigaba setiye eliluhlaza. Azikho izincomo ezihlukile emithonjeni etholakele.
- Izinga lokushisa lamanzi: 80–85 °C.
- Inani letiye: 3 g nge-150 ml.
- Isitsha: Ingilazi noma i-gaiwan emhlophe.
- Inqubo:
- Fudumeza isitsha.
- Faka itiye bese uthela amanzi ngasodongeni.
- Ukuphuzwa kokuqala ngemva kwemizuzwana engu-40–60.
- Phuza, ushiye ingxenye yokuphuzwa.
- Thela amanzi futhi.
- Ukuphuza kabili noma kathathu.
9. Ukugcinwa
Inkambiso yesigaba setiye eliluhlaza. Emaphaketheni avaliwe, esiqandisini ku-0–5 °C, ngaphandle kokukhanya, umswakama namaphunga; kungcono ukuphuzwa phakathi nonyaka.
10. Intengo kanye Nemikhiqizo Yomgunyathi
Ngokombhalo wemnyuziyamu wefektri, itiye lendawo eliluhlaza linyuke kusuka ngaphansi kuka-200 kuya ku-600–800 yuan nge-jīn (500 g), kanti “eliluhlaza” lendawo lisuka ku-800 laya ku-1200–1800 yuan. Lezi yizintengo zetiye lesifunda lilonke, hhayi ngokuqondile i-Chénglóuzhài Chá, futhi umbhalo awusho unyaka.
- Ungagwema kanjani imikhiqizo yomgunyathi:
- Bheka uphawu lwesitifiketi se-geographical No. 10479862.
- Hlola ukuthi umkhiqizi ungowesifunda i-Xīnzhōu, isigodi i-Jiǔjiē.
- Iqabunga liyisicaba, liqondile, liluhlaza ngokuphuzi; iphunga liqhubekayo; ukuphuzwa kuluhlaza okuncane.
- Ungadidanisi nezimpawu ezingomakhelwane zesigodi esifanayo i-Jiǔjiē Báichá (旧街白茶) ne-Dāolóuzhài Báichá (刀楼寨白茶): lezi ezinye izibhaliso.
11. Amaqiniso Athakazelisayo
- Igama letiye lanikezwa hhayi indawo noma umfula, kodwa inqaba.
- Ingadi endala engu-20 mu isemmanxiweni enqaba, yona ngokwayo ebalwa njengesikhumbuzo.
- Ngo-2019 ifektri, ngokombhalo wemnyuziyamu, yahambisa itiye esigodini sabahlanganyeli be-World Military Games e-Wǔhàn.
12. Ukuqhathaniswa Namatiye Angomakhelwane Nahlobene
- Dāolóuzhài Báichá (刀楼寨白茶): Uphawu olungumakhelwane lwesigodi (2017), nalo luqanjwe ngenqaba yasentabeni; isigaba salo asikatholakali embhalweni.
- Jiǔjiē Báichá (旧街白茶): Uphawu lwesithathu lwekomiti yasemgwaqweni efanayo; igama “eliluhlaza” egameni alifakazeli isigaba.
- Bǎiquán Lǜchá (柏泉绿茶): Itiye eliluhlaza eliyisicaba lesifunda i-Dōngxīhū ngakolunye uhlangothi lwe-Wǔhàn, elinye itiye elivikelwe ngaphakathi kwedolobha.
- Sānxiá Lóng Jǐng (三峡龙井): Itiye eliluhlaza eliyisicaba le-Yíchāng County esifundazweni esifanayo.
- Xī Hú Lóng Jǐng (西湖龙井): Isibonelo esiyinhloko setiye eliluhlaza eliyisicaba; okuhlobene yisimo seqabunga.
Ekuphetheni:
I-Chénglóuzhài Chá itiye eliluhlaza eliyisicaba elinomlando omude wendawo: intaba engu-345 m nenqaba yangesikhathi se-Taiping, ifektri kusukela ngo-1951, uphawu No. 10479862 kusukela ngo-2013, ifektri inelungelo elinwetshiwe kuze kube ngu-2033, futhi ubuchwepheshe busohlwini lwamagugu lwesifundazwe kusukela ngo-2024. Uphawu ngokwalo lukhishelwe “itiye” ngaphandle kwesigaba; ubuchwepheshe balo bubizwa ngokuthi ubuchwepheshe betiye eliluhlaza ohlwini lwamagugu lwesifundazwe, futhi izincazelo zeqabunga nokuphuzwa ziyavumelana nalokhu.
Imithombo
Inkomba yendawo
Uhlu oluphelele — ekhasini elithi Imithombo