Dāolóuzhài báichá

I-Daoluozhai Baicha (Dāolóuzhài báichá, 刀楼寨白茶) itiye lekomidi yasemgwaqweni i-Jiujie (旧街街道) esifundeni sase-Xinzhou (新洲区) empumalanga ye-Wuhan, esifundazweni sase-Hubei. Igama livikelwe wuphawu lwesitifiketi sendawo olubhaliswe ngo-2017. I-Daoluozhai iyinqaba endala yasezintabeni, enye “yezinqaba ezingamashumi amane nesishiyagalombili zase-Qi nase-Huang” emaphethelweni aseningizimu e-Dabieshan. Igama elithi “baicha” (白茶, “itiye elimhlophe”) egameni lesigaba alifakazeli: umqulu womkhiqizi noma izinga elinosigaba setiye angilitholanga, kanti izinto zendawo zikhuluma ngezithombo ezivela esifundeni sase-Anji, lapho “elimhlophe” kubizwa khona itiye eliluhlaza lohlobo lwamaqabunga akhanyayo. Imibhalo eyinkomba kanye nesizindalwazi somnyango wezolimo wedolobha kukhomba ubuchwepheshe obuluhlaza obufana nese-Anji, kodwa umqulu wophawu noma izinga lesigaba akubeki lokho, ngakho-ke isihloko siphakathi kwezigaba, hhayi kufolda yesigaba.

1. Ukuhlukaniswa kanye nemvelaphi

• Uhlobo: Isigaba asibekiwe ngomqulu. Ayikho incazelo eningiliziwe yobuchwepheshe emithonjeni etholakele. Isihloko se-encyclopedia eyinkomba sibeka i-Daoluozhai Baicha esigabeni esiluhlaza, kanti amaphephandaba edolobha aqhathanisa “itiye elimhlophe” lasekomidini i-Jiujie “namanye amatiye aluhlaza”. Ubufakazi obuqine kakhulu yisizindalwazi soMnyango Wezolimo Nezindaba Zasemakhaya wase-Wuhan (2021): embhalweni ngebhizinisi lendawo yetiye, elihlobene nokubhaliswa kwegama elithi “刀楼寨白茶”, kuthiwa itiye lokuqala lokuhlola lebhizinisi lenziwe “ngendlela yokwenza i-Anji Baicha” (按照安吉白茶制作方法). I-Anji Baicha ngokwezinga likazwelonke i-GB/T 20354—2026 itiye eliluhlaza elenziwe ngeqabunga lohlobo “Baiye No. 1” (白叶1号) ngesikhathi sokuba mhlophe. Kodwa lokhu kuyindaba yomkhiqizi, hhayi imfuneko yophawu: umqulu wophawu noma izinga elinosigaba se-Daoluozhai Baicha angizange ngilibone. Igama elithi “baicha” lingasho kokubili itiye elimhlophe ngesigaba, kanye netiye elivela ohlotsheni lwamaqabunga akhanyayo, elenziwe ngobuchwepheshe obuluhlaza, njenge-Anji Baicha.
• Isigaba: Itiye elinophawu lwesitifiketi sendawo (证明商标, zhèngmíng shāngbiāo).
• Imvelaphi: I-China, isifundazwe sase-Hubei (湖北, Húběi), idolobha i-Wuhan (武汉, Wǔhàn), isifunda i-Xinzhou (新洲, Xīnzhōu), ikomidi yasemgwaqweni i-Jiujie (旧街, Jiùjiē).
• Indawo evikelwe: Irejista ikhomba isifunda sase-Xinzhou njengobunikazi bokuphatha bomnikazi wophawu; umngcele wendawo osemthethweni angizange ngiwuhlole. Ukubuyisela lowo mngcele ngegama letiye akunakwenzeka.
• Uphawu: Uphawu lwesitifiketi sendawo No. 18880304, isigaba 30, umkhiqizo — “itiye” (茶). Umnikazi — Inhlangano Yokufunda Itiye i-Daoluozhai yesifunda sase-Xinzhou (武汉市新洲区刀楼寨茶叶研究会). Isikhathi ngokwerejista yesifundazwe yango-2020 — kusukela zingama-21 kuNovemba 2017 kuze kube zingama-20 kuNovemba 2027. Irejista yango-2026 ibala uphawu njengolusasebenza.

2. Umlando nokubaluleka kwamasiko

• Indawo: I-Daoluozhai ingenye “yezinqaba ezingamashumi amane nesishiyagalombili zase-Qi nase-Huang” (蕲黄四十八寨) — izinqaba zasezintabeni emazweni ezifunda ezindala zase-Qizhou nase-Huangzhou. Ngokombhalo we-“Zhongguo Zhishi Chanquan Bao” (2019), ngezikhathi ze-Ming ne-Qing kwakunesimpi yamaqembu avukelayo empumalanga ye-Hubei, kanti phakathi nempi ne-Japan abantu bendawo babephethe indawo yokubuka e-Daoluozhai.
• Izifunda: I-Jiujie isempumalanga ye-Wuhan, emaphethelweni aseningizimu e-Dabieshan (大别山). Inganekwane ixhumanisa lezi zindawo noConfucius: kuthiwa lapha wathumela umfundi wakhe u-Zi Lu ukuba abuze indlela eya endaweni yokuwela, futhi kusuka lapho igama le-academy yendawo i-Wenjin (问津书院, “umbuzo ngokuwela”). Lokhu kuyinganekwane, hhayi umqulu ngetiye.
• Izimpawu ezintathu zekomidi eyodwa: Ngokoshicilelo lwangowezi-2019, ihhovisi lesifunda lempahla yobuhlakani eminyakeni emithathu lakhulisa ekomidini elilodwa lomgwaqo i-Jiujie izimpawu ezintathu zesitifiketi zetiye: i-Jiujie Baicha (旧街白茶), i-Daoluozhai Baicha ne-Chenglouzhai Cha (城楼寨茶). Uphawu lwase-Daoluozhai lungoluncane kwezintathu.
• Ukukhiqiza: Ushicilelo olufanayo lubiza inkampani ephethe uphawu lokuhweba “刀楼寨”: itiye layo elimhlophe linezitifiketi zomkhiqizo oluhlaza nowezinto eziphilayo kanye nophawu lwemvelaphi. Amaphephandaba edolobha lase-Wuhan ngo-2022 abhala ukuthi inkampani yaqala ukutshala izingadi eduze kwentaba i-Daoshan (大雾山) ngo-2010 emithambekeni eshiywe, eyaqashwa emizaneni eseduze, futhi yazivula ngo-2013. Inani lemizana izincwadi zilibala ngezindlela ezahlukene: esinye sithi mithathu, esinye sithi mihlanu.
• Ukubaluleka kwamasiko: Ngokwesifunda ekulandiseni kwamaphephandaba kwangowezi-2022, e-Jiujie kunamabhizinisi etiye acishe abe ngamashumi amabili, kanti izingadi zetiye zekomidi zithatha izi-13 zinkulungwane mu.

3. Incazelo yezitshalo kanye nezinto ezingavuthiwe

• Uhlobo / Cultivar: Ngophawu lwase-Daoluozhai uhlobo alukashiwongo emithonjeni etholakele. Amaphephandaba edolobha abhala ngezingadi zenkampani ekhiqiza leli tiye, ukuthi izithombo “zetiye elimhlophe” zazi-odele esifundeni sase-Anji esifundazweni sase-Zhejiang. Igama lohlobo alikashiwongo.
• Ukukhula kwesihlahla: Ngokwezincwadi ezifanayo, izithombo zikhipha amahlumela okuqala ngonyaka wesithathu, futhi kufinyelela isivuno esigcwele cishe ngonyaka wesikhombisa.
• Izinto ezingavuthiwe: Amahlumela asentwasahlobo. Amaphephandaba achaza imiqumbe embozwe uboya obumhlophe, ekuqaleni kwesizini.
• Izinga lokuqoqa: Alikashiwongo emithonjeni etholakele.

4. I-Terroir kanye nezici zokutshala

• Isifunda: Imaphethelo aseningizimu e-Dabieshan empumalanga ye-Wuhan.
• Izingadi: Ingxenye enkulu yenkampani izungeze intaba i-Daoshan; ngo-2022 amaphephandaba athi zi-2300 mu, ngo-2025 athi zi-2600 mu.
• Inhlabathi: Inamatshe. Izinto zendawo zicaphuna “I-Cha Jing” ka-Lu Yu: itiye elingcono kakhulu likhula ematsheni agugile (上者生烂石). Amaphephandaba akhuluma nohlangothi olungalungile: inhlabathi enjalo ayibambi amanzi kahle, izingadi kufanele zisindiswe esomweni, futhi zifakwe ukuchelela okuzenzakalelayo.
• Ukuphakama: Ayikho idatha emithonjeni etholakele.

5. Ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza

Ubuchwepheshe be-Daoluozhai Baicha abukachazwanga emithonjeni etholakele, kanti isigaba setiye asibekwanga ngomqulu. Okuwukuphela kwenkomba eqondile yendlela yokucubungula yinkulumo yoMnyango Wezolimo wase-Wuhan (2021): itiye lokuqala lokuhlola lebhizinisi elihlobene naleli gama lenziwe ngendlela ye-Anji Baicha; imingcele ayinikezwanga umnyango. Ngesizini amaphephandaba edolobha athi: iqabunga lasentwasahlobo “letiye elimhlophe” e-Jiujie lizwela ekushiseni, iwindi elingcono kakhulu lokuqoqa lithatha cishe izinsuku eziyishumi nanhlanu, futhi uma izinga lokushisa lingaphezu kuka-25 °C akusafanele ukuliqoqa.

I-Anji Baicha ngokwezinga i-GB/T 20354—2026 itiye eliluhlaza. Ngesimo sayo “se-phoenix” (凤形, fèngxíng) ngomshini izinga linikeza lolu chungechunge: ukunwetshwa kweqabunga elisha (摊青, tānqīng), ukubulala okuluhlaza nokuqondisa (杀青理条, shāqīng lǐtiáo), ukususa umoya, ukomisa kokuqala, ukupholisa kanye nokomisa kokugcina. Lolu wuhlelo lwe-Anji Baicha, hhayi incazelo yobuchwepheshe be-Daoluozhai Baicha.

6. Izici ze-Organoleptic

Ayikho incazelo ejwayelekile emithonjeni etholakele. Ngezansi yilokho okushiwo isihloko se-encyclopedia eyinkomba; lokhu akusiwona umbhalo wezinga.

• Ukubukeka kweqabunga elomile: Liqondile, licishe libe yisicaba, “njengeqabunga le-orchid”, liluhlaza okotshani nobuphuzi, linokushelela okunamafutha (挺直略扁，形如兰蕙，色泽翠绿间黄，光亮油润).
• Iphunga leqabunga elomile: Azikho izincazelo emithonjeni etholakele.
• Iphunga lotshwala: Lisha, lithender, lihlala isikhathi eside (香气鲜嫩持久).
• Ukunambitheka: Kusha, kuthambile, kunoshukela oqabulayo ngemuva (滋味鲜醇甘爽). Kwetiye elingumakhelwane i-Jiujie Baicha isisho sendawo sithi “kokungathandeki kunokunambitheka” (淡中有味); lokhu akuhlobene ngqo ne-Daoluozhai.
• Umbala wotshwala: Uluhlaza okotshani, ukhanya (汤色嫩绿明亮).
• Iqabunga eliphansi (iqabunga elibilisiwe): Liluhlaza, likhanya, amaqabunga avuleka njenge “mbali”, iqabunga limhlophe emithanjeni eluhlaza (叶底绿亮成朵，叶白脉翠). Ngetiye lase-Jiujie amaphephandaba athi iqabunga lalo elibilisiwe limhlophe njenge-jade.

7. Ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali

Ukuhlaziywa kwaleli tiye ngqo akukho emithonjeni etholakele. Amaphephandaba edolobha athi “ngetiye elimhlophe” lase-Jiujie, ama-amino acid aphindwe kathathu noma kane kunakwetiye eliluhlaza elijwayelekile, kanti ama-polyphenol mancane. Lesi isitatimende samaphephandaba ngaphandle kwezinombolo zokuhlaziya, futhi sibhekisela etiyeni lekomidi jikelele; isihloko esiyinkomba siyakubuyekeza lokhu nge-Daoluozhai.

8. Ukuphisa

Umkhuba wesigaba. Isigaba setiye asibekiwe, ngakho-ke ngezansi kunendlela ethambile, evamile etiyeni lasentwasahlobo elintekenteke lohlobo lwamaqabunga akhanyayo.

• Izinga lokushisa lamanzi: 80–85 °C.
• Inani letiye: 3 g ku-150 ml.
• Izitsha: Ingilazi noma i-gaiwan emhlophe.
• Inqubo:
  1. Fudumeza izitsha.
  2. Faka itiye bese uthela amanzi ngasodongeni.
  3. Ukuncwiliswa kokuqala — ngemuva kwemizuzwana engama-40–60.
  4. Phuza, ushiye ingxenye yotshwala.
  5. Thela amanzi futhi.
  6. Ukuphindisela kabili noma kathathu.

9. Ukugcina

Umkhuba wesigaba wetiye lasentwasahlobo elintekenteke. Emaphaketheni avaliwe, esiqandisini ku-0–5 °C, ngaphandle kokukhanya, umswakama namaphunga. Kungcono ukuphuza phakathi nonyaka.

10. Intengo kanye namanga

Ngokoshicilelo lwangowezi-2019, itiye lenkampani ephethe uphawu “刀楼寨” lalithengiswa ngokwesilinganiso cishe ama-1200 yuan nge-jin (500 g). Ngo-2022 amaphephandaba edolobha athi itiye elimhlophe lezingadi zalo cishe ama-1500 yuan nge-jin. Lezi yizintengo zomkhiqizi ekulandiseni kwamaphephandaba, hhayi umbiko wemakethe.

• Ungawagwema kanjani amanga:
  • Bheka uphawu lwesitifiketi sendawo No. 18880304.
  • Qinisekisa ukuthi umkhiqizi uvela esifundeni sase-Xinzhou.
  • Ungadidanisi netiye elimhlophe lase-Fujian: isigaba se-Daoluozhai Baicha asibekwanga ngomqulu.

11. Amaqiniso athakazelisayo

• Ekomidini elilodwa lomgwaqo i-Jiujie kubhaliswe izimpawu ezintathu zesitifiketi zetiye.
• Igama letiye linikezwe inqaba yasezintabeni, lapho phakathi nempi ne-Japan kwakumi indawo yokubuka.
• Izithombo zezingadi, ngokombiko wephephandaba, zazithengwe e-Anji — ezalwa ngalo elinye “itiye elimhlophe” eliluhlaza elidume kakhulu.
• Inhlabathi enamatshe, enconywa ngu-Lu Yu, lapha futhi yaphoqa ukuba kufakwe ukuchelela ezingadini.

12. Ukuqhathanisa namatiye angabamelwane nahlobene

• I-Jiujie Baicha (旧街白茶): Uphawu olungumakhelwane lwekomidi elifanayo lomgwaqo, lwabhaliswa ngo-2015; umnikazi — inhlangano yetiye elimhlophe yase-Jiujie. Isihloko esiyinkomba sibeka esigabeni esiluhlaza; umqulu onesigaba angizange ngiwubone.
• I-Chenglouzhai Cha (城楼寨茶): Uphawu oludala kwezintathu zase-Jiujie, kusukela ngo-2013; ngokwencazelo — itiye eliyisicaba elinephunga le-castnut, liluhlaza ngobuphuzi.
• I-Anji Baicha (安吉白茶): Itiye eliluhlaza lohlobo lwamaqabunga amhlophe esifunda sase-Anji — lapho, ngokwephephandaba, kwavela khona izithombo. Isibonelo esikhulu sokuthi “baicha” egameni akusho isigaba esimhlophe.
• I-Baihao Yinzhen (白毫银针): Itiye elimhlophe langempela lase-Fujian, ngaphandle kokubulala nokusonga, — ukuqhathanisa.

Ekuphethweni:

I-Daoluozhai Baicha itiye elinegama eliqinisekiswe ngomqulu kanye nesigaba esingacacile. Okwaziwayo ngokuthembeka kuncane: uphawu lwesitifiketi No. 18880304 kusukela ngo-2017, umnikazi esifundeni sase-Xinzhou, inqaba yasezintabeni emaphethelweni e-Dabieshan, izingadi ezinamatshe kanye nezithombo, ngokomlando wamaphephandaba, ezivela e-Anji. Imibhalo eyinkomba ichaza itiye eliluhlaza elineqabunga elimhlophe nemithanja eluhlaza, kanti umnyango wezolimo wase-Wuhan ukhuluma ngendlela yase-Anji, okungukuthi ubuchwepheshe obuluhlaza. Ukubeka isigaba egameni kufanele kwenziwe umqulu wophawu noma izinga, hhayi ukulandisa noma izinhlamvu zegama.

Imithombo

Amazinga

• GB/T 20354-2026

Uhlu oluphelele — ekhasini elithi Imithombo