Jiùjiē báichá

Jiujie Baicha (Jiùjiē báichá, 旧街白茶) itiye lekomidi lomgwaqo i-Jiujie (旧街街道) esifundeni sase-Xinzhou (新洲区) emaphethelweni asempumalanga e-Wuhan, esifundazweni sase-Hubei, emagqumeni aseningizimu e-Dabieshan. Igama livikelwe uphawu lwesitifiketi sezwe kusukela ngo-2015; leli yitiye eliphakathi ngobudala kwamathathu ezimpawu zetiye zekota eyodwa. Igama elithi “baicha” (白茶, “itiye elimhlophe”) egameni alifakazeli isigaba. Imibhalo eyinkomba ibeka itiye phakathi kwamatiye aluhlaza, kodwa umbhalo wophawu onesigaba angikaze ngiwubone, ngakho indatshana imi phakathi kwezigaba. Isikhathi sokuqala sophawu siphelelwe yisikhathi ngoNovemba 2025; ukuthi sinwetshiwe yini, akukaqinisekiswa.

1. Ukuhlukaniswa kanye Nemvelaphi

• Uhlobo: Isigaba asimisiwe ngombhalo wophawu. I-encyclopedia eyinkomba (Baidu Baike) ibeka itiye phakathi kwamatiye aluhlaza futhi ibala phakathi kwemisebenzi ukulungiswa kokushisa (杀青, shāqīng); ukushicilelwa ku-portal kahulumeni wase-Hubei (2022) kuqhathanisa kuphela “netiye elivamile”. Imithetho yokusebenzisa uphawu noma izinga elinesigaba angikaze ngilibone.
• Isigaba: Itiye elinophawu lwesitifiketi sezwe (证明商标, zhèngmíng shāngbiāo).
• Imvelaphi: I-China, isifundazwe sase-Hubei (湖北, Húběi), idolobha lase-Wuhan (武汉, Wǔhàn), isifunda sase-Xinzhou (新洲, Xīnzhōu), ikomidi lomgwaqo i-Jiujie (旧街, Jiùjiē).
• Indawo: Irejista yesifundazwe ikhomba isifunda sase-Xinzhou njengobunikazi bomphathi wophawu; umngcele womthetho wendawo angikaze ngiwuhlole. Ukushicilelwa kuka-2022 kubiza izindawo zetiye ezingaphezu kwekota: ngaphandle kwe-Jiujie, idolobhana elithi Fenghuang (凤凰镇) kanye nesigodi sase-Jiamiao (贾庙乡) esifundeni esingumakhelwane sase-Tuanfeng.
• Uphawu: Uphawu lwesitifiketi sezwe № 13660551, isigaba 30, umkhiqizo “itiye” (茶); igama eliqondile lophawu “旧街白茶 JBCL”. Umnikazi wophawu ngokombiko we-Hubei Intellectual Property Administration wango-2023, inhlangano yetiye elimhlophe yekomidi lomgwaqo i-Jiujie (武汉市新洲区旧街街白茶协会). Ngokwerejista yesifundazwe ka-2020, isikhathi sokuqala sisukela ngomhla ka-14 Novemba 2015 kuya ku-13 Novemba 2025.

2. Umlando kanye Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko

• Umlando:
  • Indawo. Ngokushicilelwa kuka-2022 ku-portal kahulumeni wase-Hubei (okokwenziwa yi-Wuhan Market Regulation Bureau), endulo i-Jiujie yayibizwa nge-Jiuchangzhen (久长镇); itiye lalitshalwa futhi lenziwa lapha kusukela kudala. Ukushicilelwa kwe-”Zhongguo Zhishi Chanquan Bao” (2019) kubeka ikota emaphethelweni asempumalanga e-Wuhan, emagqumeni aseningizimu e-Dabieshan.
  • 2008. Ngokushicilelwa kuka-2019, ngalo nyaka inkampani eyodwa yendawo yayiyiworkshop encane enophawu lokuhweba olulodwa kuphela “旧街白茶”; kamuva isiphathimandla sesifunda sempahla yengqondo sasiza ukudala inhlangano yetiye elimhlophe futhi sabhalisa igama njengophawu lwesitifiketi.
  • 2010–2015. Ukushicilelwa kuka-2022 kubala imiklomelo: indondo yesiliva ye-Shanghai International Tea Expo (2010), umklomelo wokuqala we-”Zhong Cha Bei” (中茶杯, 2011), indawo ohlwini lokuqala lwamatiye adumile e-Hubei food culture (2012), uphawu lokuhweba olwaziwayo lwase-Wuhan (2013).
  • 2015. Uphawu lubhalisiwe (isikhathi sisukela ngomhla ka-14 Novemba).
  • 2016–2019. Ngokushicilelwa kuka-2019, eminyakeni emithathu isiphathimandla sesifunda “sakhula futhi saqinisa” ekoteni eyodwa izimpawu ezintathu zetiye, i-Jiujie Baicha, i-Daolouzhai Baicha kanye ne-Chenglouzhai Cha, nakuba ezimbili zazo zabhaliswa ngaphambili, ngo-2013 nango-2015.
  • 2023. Ngokwe-”Hubei Daily” ekushicilelweni kwe-Wuhan Agriculture Bureau, igama elithi “旧街白茶” kufanele libe uphawu olujwayelekile lwezinkampani eziyishumi nantathu zetiye zekota ngokupakishwa okufanayo, izinga elifanayo, izinga elifanayo kanye nentengo efanayo.
• Isilinganiso izinombolo ezihlukene:
  • Ukushicilelwa kuka-2019: imboni ye-Jiujie Baicha yakhiqiza ama-jin angu-5000 ngo-2016 kanye nama-jin angu-7500 (cishe amathani angu-3,75) ngo-2018 ngama-yuan ayizigidi eziyishumi neshumi nanhlanu.
  • I-”Hubei Daily” (2023): kuyo yonke ikota, kunezinkampani zetiye eziyisishiyagalombili ezingaphezu kosayizi omisiwe, cishe amashumi amabili amakhophalishini, cishe izinkulungwane ezingamashumi amabili ze-mu zezingadi zetiye kanye nenani elingaphezu kwezigidi ezingamakhulu amabili zama-yuan lomkhiqizo wetiye.
  • Izinombolo zokuqala zibhekisela embonini yegama elilodwa, okwesibili kuyo yonke imboni yekota; azikwazi ukuqhathaniswa ngokuqondile.
• Igama: “Jiujie” (旧街) “umgwaqo omdala”, igama lekota; “baicha” (白茶) “itiye elimhlophe”; ukuthi kungani itiye libizwa ngokumhlophe, imithombo ayikuchazi.
• Ukubaluleka kwamasiko: Ukushicilelwa kuka-2019 kubiza i-Jiujie Baicha njengelinye lamatiye ayisithupha adumile e-Hubei futhi licaphuna isisho sendabuko ngawo: «淡中有味茶偏好，清茗一杯情更真» “kokungenambitheki kunokunambitheka, itiye lilunga ngalokho; ngenkomishi yetiye elihlanzekile nomuzwa uqiniswa.”

3. Incazelo Yezitshalo kanye Nezinto Ezingavuthiwe

• Uhlobo / I-cultivar: Akubizwanga emithonjeni etholakele.
• Izinga lokuqoqa: Umbhalo awutholakalanga. I-encyclopedia eyinkomba ibhala ngokuqoqwa “kwehlumela elineqabunga elilodwa”. Ngokushicilelwa kuka-2019, abaqoqi bendawo bafundiswa izingcweti zokuqoqa ezimenyiwe ezazisebenze iminyaka eminingi e-Jiangsu nase-Zhejiang.

4. I-Terroir kanye Nezici Zokutshala

• Isifunda: Amagquma aseningizimu e-Dabieshan (大别山, Dàbié shān) emaphethelweni asempumalanga e-Wuhan.
• Inhlabathi nezimo: Ngokushicilelwa kuka-2022, enhlabathini yezingadi kunedwala eligugile eliningi; izingadi ziphakeme kakhulu, ezintabeni ezinamafu nenkungu, isimo sezulu simnene. Ukushicilelwa akunikazi izinombolo.
• Ukuphakama, idatha yesimo sezulu: Ayikho idatha emithonjeni etholakele.

5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza

Ubuchwepheshe emibhalweni yophawu abukaze buhlangane nami. I-encyclopedia eyinkomba ibala imisebenzi eyishumi nambili, kuhlanganise nokubuna (萎凋, wěidiāo) kanye nokulungiswa kokushisa (杀青, shāqīng); uhlu oluphelele nomthombo awukunikezi.

Uma lokhu kuyitiye eliluhlaza, njengoba i-encyclopedia ibhala, uhlelo olujwayelekile lwesigaba lufana nalokhu: ukukhishwa kweqabunga, ukulungiswa kokushisa, ukubunjwa, ukomiswa. Lolu uhlelo olujwayelekile lwesigaba, hhayi incazelo yobuchwepheshe be-Jiujie Baicha.

6. Izici Zokuzwa Ngomzimba

Ayikho incazelo ejwayelekile emithonjeni etholakele. Ngezansi kunezincazelo ezihlakazekile ezivela kwabezindaba kanye ne-encyclopedia eyinkomba.

• Ukubukeka kweqabunga elomile: I-encyclopedia eyinkomba, eluhlaza okotshani, elimise “njengeqabunga le-orchid” (兰蕙状).
• Iphunga leqabunga elomile: Azikho izincazelo emithonjeni etholakele.
• Iphunga lotshwala: I-encyclopedia eyinkomba ibiza iphunga ngesithombe esithi «淡竹积雪» “uqalo ngaphansi kweqhwa”; ukuthi lokhu kusho ukuthini, ayikuchazi.
• Ukunambitheka: Isisho sendabuko ekushicilelweni kuka-2019, “kokungenambitheki kunokunambitheka” (淡中有味).
• Umbala wotshwala: I-encyclopedia eyinkomba, ophuzi wehansi (鹅黄).
• Inzansi yetiye (iqabunga elidliwe): Azikho izincazelo emithonjeni etholakele.

7. Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali

Ukushicilelwa kuka-2022 ku-portal kahulumeni wase-Hubei kubhala ukuthi okuqukethwe kwama-amino acid okulinganisiwe kungu-12,86 %, okuphindwe kathathu kuya kane kunetiye elivamile; indlela, isampula kanye neqoqo akukubizi. I-encyclopedia eyinkomba iphinda u-12,86 % futhi yengeza ama-polyphenol angaphansi kuka-15 %; umthombo wokuqala wenombolo yesibili angikaze ngiwubone.

8. Ukuphisa

Umkhuba wesigaba. Isigaba asimisiwe ngombhalo, ngakho ngezansi kunendlela ethambile, ejwayelekile yetiye eliluhlaza lasentwasahlobo elintekenteke, lapho itiye libhekiswa khona imibhalo eyinkomba.

• Izinga lokushisa lamanzi: 80–85 °C.
• Inani letiye: amagremu angu-3 ku-150 ml.
• Isitsha: Ingilazi noma i-gaiwan emhlophe.
• Inqubo:
  1. Fudumeza isitsha.
  2. Beka itiye bese uthela amanzi odongeni.
  3. Ukudonswa kokuqala, emva kwemizuzwana engu-40–60.
  4. Ukuphindwa kabili noma kathathu.

9. Ukugcina

Umkhuba wesigaba wetiye eliluhlaza lasentwasahlobo elintekenteke. Emphaketheni ovaliwe, esiqandisini ku-0–5 °C, ngaphandle kokukhanya, umswakama kanye namaphunga. Kungcono ukuphuzwa phakathi nonyaka.

10. Intengo kanye Nemikhiqizo Engamanga

Ukushicilelwa kuka-2019 kubhala ukuthi “itiye elimhlophe” lendawo lenyuka lisuka ku-800 laya ku-1200–1800 yuan nge-jin (500 g), futhi intengo yokuthenga yeqabunga elisha yenyuka isuka ku-80 yaya ku-100–120 yuan nge-jin. Lezi yizintengo ekushicilelweni kwabezindaba, hhayi isifinyeto semakethe.

• Ungayigwema kanjani imikhiqizo engamanga:
  • Funa uphawu lwesitifiketi sezwe № 13660551 futhi uhlole ukuthi lunwetshiwe yini ngemva kukaNovemba 2025.
  • Qinisekisa ukuthi umkhiqizi uvela esifundeni sase-Xinzhou futhi uvunyelwe yinhlangano ukusebenzisa uphawu.
  • Ungadidanisi netiye elimhlophe lase-Fujian: isigaba se-Jiujie Baicha asimisiwe ngombhalo.

11. Amaqiniso Athakazelisayo

• Ekomidini lomgwaqo elilodwa i-Jiujie kunezimpawu ezintathu zesitifiketi zetiye: i-Chenglouzhai Cha (2013), i-Jiujie Baicha (2015) kanye ne-Daolouzhai Baicha (2017).
• Igama lophawu liyafana nophawu lokuhweba olwalungolwe-workshop encane yendawo ngo-2008.
• Izindawo zetiye zidlula umngcele we-Wuhan: ukushicilelwa kuka-2022 kubiza phakathi kwazo isigodi sase-Jiamiao sesifunda esingumakhelwane sase-Tuanfeng.
• Egameni lophawu kukhona isiLatin, “JBCL”.

12. Ukuqhathaniswa namatiye angomakhelwane nahlobene

• I-Daolouzhai Baicha (刀楼寨白茶): Uphawu olungumakhelwane lwekota efanayo, kusukela ngo-2017; nesigaba asimisiwe, imibhalo eyinkomba ibeka phakathi kwamatiye aluhlaza.
• I-Chenglouzhai Cha (城楼寨茶): Uphawu oludala kwezintathu zase-Jiujie, kusukela ngo-2013; ngokwencazelo yabezindaba, itiye eliyisicaba, eliluhlaza ngokuphuzi, nephunga le-chestnut.
• I-Anji Baicha (安吉白茶): Itiye eliluhlaza lohlobo lweqabunga elimhlophe lwesifunda sase-Anji, isibonelo sokuthi igama elithi “baicha” egameni alisho isigaba esimhlophe.
• I-Baihao Yinzhen (白毫银针): Itiye elimhlophe langempela lase-Fujian, ngaphandle kokulungiswa kokushisa nokusongwa, ukuqhathanisa.

Ekuphetheni:

I-Jiujie Baicha itiye elinegama eliqinisekisiwe ngombhalo kanye nesigaba esingamisiwe. Okuthembekile okwaziwayo kuncane: uphawu № 13660551 kusukela ngo-2015, umnikazi wophawu inhlangano yekota, inhloso yophawu olujwayelekile lwezinkampani eziyishumi nantathu kanye nokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwama-amino acid ngokwezilinganiso zendawo. Imibhalo eyinkomba ibeka itiye phakathi kwamatiye aluhlaza, kodwa lokhu kufanele kuqinisekiswe yimibhalo yophawu, hhayi ngamagama esiShayina.