Shítái xiāngyá

Shítái Xiāngyá (Shítái xiāngyá, 石台香芽) — “masamba onunkhira a Shítái”, tiyi wobiriwira wa chigawo cha Shítái (石台县) m’boma la Chízhōu kum’mwera kwa chigawo cha Ānhuī. Chigawochi chili kumadzulo kwa dera lamapiri la Wǎnnán, ndipo Shítái Xiāngyá ndi mtundu wa tiyi wobiriwira wodziwika m’derali. Zopangira ndi mitundu ya zhūyè, shūchá zǎo ndi Ānhuī No. 3; masamba akamaliza kufowoka kwanthawi yayitali amawongoleredwa ndi kukanikizidwa ndi makina. Dzinali latetezedwa kuyambira 2011 ndi chizindikiro cha geographical indication chaulimi, ndipo kuyambira 2025 monga chinthu chokhala ndi geographical indication.

1. Gulu ndi Chiyambi

• Mtundu: Tiyi wobiriwira (绿茶, lǜchá), wosafufuzika. Kufotokozera kwa chizindikiro chaulimi kumamuyika m’gulu la tiyi wobiriwira wa mtundu wa hōngqīng (烘青, hōngqīng) — woumitsidwa ndi mpweya wotentha; dongosolo la 2025 ndi lobiriwira: kufowoka, kukhazikika, kuumba, kuumitsa.
• Gulu: Tiyi wobiriwira wamapiri kum’mwera kwa Ānhuī; chinthu chokhala ndi geographical indication.
• Chiyambi: China, chigawo cha Ānhuī (安徽, Ānhuī), boma la Chízhōu (池州, Chízhōu), chigawo cha Shítái (石台, Shítái).
• Dera lotetezedwa: Midzi 38 m’maboma asanu ndi limodzi ndi matauni a chigawochi: Xiānyù (仙寓镇), Qīdū (七都镇), Héngdù (横渡镇), Dàyǎn (大演乡), Rénlǐ (仁里镇) ndi Dīngxiāng (丁香镇). Wopempha ndi Chama cha Tiyi cha chigawo cha Shítái.
• Ma coordinates a geographical: 117°12′–117°59′ E ndi 29°59′–30°24′ N.

2. Mbiri ndi Tanthauzo la Chikhalidwe

• Mbiri:
  • Mzera wa Sòng. Buku la geographical indications likutchula “Wénxiàn tōngkǎo” (文献通考): mwa mitundu 26 ya tiyi yamasamba odziwika m’dziko lonse, awiri — “Xiānzhī” (仙芝) ndi “Nènruǐ” (嫩蕊) — anachokera ku chigawo cha Shídài (石埭, dzina lakale la Shítái). Shítái Xiāngyá, malinga ndi bukuli, amatengera makhalidwe a zopangira ndi khalidwe la “Nènruǐ”.
  • Mzera wa Míng. Malinga ndi bukuli, wolemba wa mzera wa Míng Zhāng Xīnghuàn (张星焕) mu “Wǎnyóu jìwén” (皖游记闻) analemba kuti anthu am’derali ankaona tiyi wa phiri la Xiānyùshān (仙寓山) kukhala wosowa komanso “wamwayi” (瑞茶), ndipo wolemba ndakatulo Xú Wèi (徐渭) m’ndakatulo zake ankayika tiyi wa Shídài pamodzi ndi Lóngjǐng ndi Hǔqiū.
  • 13 September 2011. Unduna wa Zaulimi wa China unalembetsa “石台香芽” monga chinthu chaulimi chokhala ndi geographical indication. Kufotokozera kwa chizindikirocho kumatchula malo obzalidwa 2400 ha.
  • 2016. Malinga ndi kufotokozera kwa bukuli, chigawochi chinavomereza miyezo iwiri ya chigawo cha tiyi — ya masamba atsopano ndi ya kukonza; manambala awo ndi malembawo palibe m’magwero opezeka.
  • 2024. Bungwe loyang’anira msika la Chízhōu mu lipoti la July limalemba Shítái Xiāngyá pakati pa zinthu zisanu ndi ziwiri zaulimi za mzindawo zokhala ndi geographical indication.
  • 2025. Bungwe la National Intellectual Property Administration la China (CNIPA) ndi chilengezo No. 632 cha 9 June 2025 (chosindikizidwa 27 June) chinavomereza zinthu 224 zokhala ndi geographical indication; Shítái Xiāngyá ali pamndandandawu pa nambala 26. Malinga ndi uthenga wa boma la Chízhōu (18 June 2025), gulu limeneli linaphatikizapo zinthu zisanu ndi ziwiri za mzindawo, ndipo zonse pamodzi Chízhōu tsopano ali ndi zisanu ndi zitatu.
• Dzina: 石台 — chigawo cha Shítái, kwenikweni “nsanja yamwala”; 香芽 — “masamba onunkhira”.
• Tanthauzo la chikhalidwe: Mtundu wa tiyi wobiriwira wodziwika m’chigawochi, womwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi opanga am’derali.

3. Kufotokozera kwa Zomera ndi Zopangira

• Mtundu / Cultivar: Malinga ndi zofunikira za 2025 — mitundu ya clonal ya mlingo wa chigawo kapena kuposerapo: zhūyè (槠叶种, zhūyèzhǒng), shūchá zǎo (舒茶早, Shūchá zǎo), Ānhuī No. 3 (安徽3号) ndi ina.
• Kubzala: Mzere umodzi — mizere yotalikirana 150 cm, pakati pa zitsamba 25–30 cm; mizere iwiri yothina — mizere yayikulu 150 cm, yopapatiza 30 cm, pakati pa zitsamba 30 cm. Amabzala kumapeto kwa autumn ndi kumayambiriro kwa spring.
• Kusamalira: Feteleza — manyowa, feteleza wa tizilombo, organic ndi organo-mineral; tizilombo, matenda ndi udzu amaletsedwa mwa kuphatikiza njira zaulimi, zachilengedwe, zakuthupi ndi zamankhwala.
• Kukolola: Malinga ndi mfundo “kuphatikiza kukolola ndi kusiya masamba, kuganizira kuchuluka ndi khalidwe”: m’magulu, pa nthawi yoyenera, malinga ndi muyezo. Nthawi za kukolola palibe m’magwero opezeka.
• Muyezo wa kukolola: Palibe deta m’magwero opezeka.

4. Terroir ndi Makhalidwe a Kulima

• Dera: Kumadzulo kwa dera lamapiri la Wǎnnán (皖南山区) kum’mwera kwa Ānhuī.
• Kutalika kwa kulima: 300–1000 m, mapiri ndi mapiri apakati ndi otsika — malinga ndi mabuku ofotokozera. Zofunikira za 2025 sizitchula kutalika.
• Malo ndi zomera: Malinga ndi mabuku ofotokozera, zomera zimaphimba osachepera 80% ya dera (limodzi la mafotokozerawa limatchula kuchuluka kwa nkhalango m’dera la tiyi 80.9%), ndipo chilengedwe chiyenera kukwaniritsa zofunikira za minda ya tiyi ya organic.
• Dothi: Malinga ndi zofunikira za 2025 — makulidwe ogwira ntchito a dothi opitirira 70 cm, opanda zotchinga zothina mkatikati, okhala ndi zochitika zazachilengedwe zapamwamba komanso zomwe zili m’dera la organic, nitrogen, phosphorous ndi potassium zosachepera zapakati. Mabuku ofotokozera amafotokoza: dothi la clay loam, light loam ndi sandy loam; dothi lofiira ndi lachikasu, kuchokera ku acidic mpaka pang’ono acidic, pH 5.5–6.8, ndi organic yapakati.
• Nyengo: Malinga ndi bukuli — nyengo ya monsoon ya kumpoto kwa subtropical: nyengo zosintha momveka, mvula yambiri, kusiyana kwakukulu kwa kutentha kwa usana ndi usiku komanso masana aafupi.

5. Njira Yopangira

Zofunikira za 2025 zimafotokoza dongosolo la magawo asanu ndi anayi; njira zimatchulidwa kokha pa kufowoka ndi kuumba.

1. Masamba atsopano (鲜叶, xiānyè).
2. Kufowoka (摊青, tānqīng): Masamba amayalidwa kwa maola 6–8.
3. Kukhazikika (杀青, shāqīng).
4. Kuzizira (摊凉, tānliáng).
5. Kuumba (做形, zuòxíng): Ndi makina — owongolera (理条机) ndi omaliza (辉干机); njira — kuwongolera (理条, lǐtiáo), kukanikiza (加压, jiāyā) ndi kumaliza mu m’phika (辉锅, huīguō). Kuchokera pamenepa masamba owongoka othina.
6. Kuzizira (摊凉, tānliáng).
7. Kuumitsa (烘干, hōnggān).
8. Kusankha (拣剔, jiǎntī).
9. Kulongedza.

Kutentha ndi nthawi za kukhazikika ndi kuumitsa palibe m’magwero opezeka.

6. Makhalidwe a Organoleptic

Kufotokozera — malinga ndi zofunikira za 2025.

• Maonekedwe a masamba owuma: Othina, owongoka ndi ofanana; masamba amphamvu, okhala ndi ubweya wooneka; mtundu wobiriwira wa emerald (外形紧直匀整、芽壮显毫、色泽翠绿). Tovuti ya zaulimi imalemba “othina, owonda, ofanana” (紧细匀整) — m’malo mwa “owongoka” pali “owonda”.
• Kununkhira kwa masamba owuma: Palibe kufotokozera kwapadera m’magwero opezeka.
• Kununkhira kwa madzi a tiyi: Ofewa, apamwamba ndi otalika (嫩香高长).
• Kukoma: Kofewa, kogwirizana, kwatsopano ndi kolimbikitsa (滋味醇和鲜爽).
• Mtundu wa madzi a tiyi: Wobiriwira mofewa, woonekera bwino (汤色嫩绿清澈).
• Masamba otsegulidwa: Wobiriwira mofewa, ofanana ndi onyezimira (叶底嫩绿匀亮).

7. Kapangidwe ka Makemikolo

Zofunikira za physicochemical mulibe m’malemba a 2025; deta ina palibe m’magwero opezeka.

8. Kukonza Tiyi

Njira zofanana ndi za tiyi wobiriwira; palibe malangizo ake m’magwero opezeka.

• Kutentha kwa madzi: 80–85 °C.
• Kuchuluka kwa tiyi: 3 g pa 150 ml.
• Chombo: Kapu yagalasi kapena gàiwan yoyera.
• Njira:
  1. Tenthetsa chombo.
  2. Ikani tiyi ndikutsanulira madzi m’mphepete.
  3. Kusasa koyamba — pakatha masekondi 40–60.
  4. Imwani, kusiya gawo lina la madzi.
  5. Onjezerani madzi.
  6. Mutha kutsanulira kawiri kapena katatu.

9. Kusunga

Njira zofanana ndi za gulu lino. M’matumba otsekedwa bwino, mufiriji pa 0–5 °C, popanda kuwala, chinyezi ndi fungo. Ndi bwino kumwa mkati mwa chaka.

10. Mtengo ndi Zachinyengo

Palibe deta ya mitengo m’magwero opezeka.

• Momwe mungapewere zachinyengo:
  • Fufuzani chizindikiro chapadera cha geographical indication. Ufulu wochigwiritsa ntchito umaperekedwa ndi CNIPA kudzera mu bungwe la intellectual property la Chízhōu ndi bungwe la chigawo la Ānhuī.
  • Onetsetsani kuti tiyi akuchokera ku maboma asanu ndi limodzi ndi matauni otchulidwa a chigawo cha Shítái.
  • Musasokoneze ndi Shítái Fùxī Chá (石台富硒茶) — tiyi wa selenium wa chigawo chomwecho: ndi chinthu chosiyana chokhala ndi chitetezo chake, malinga ndi lipoti la 2024 ndi mabizinesi atatu okha omwe amaloledwa kugwiritsa ntchito chizindikiro chake. Zofunikira za Shítái Xiāngyá sizitchula selenium.
  • Masamba — owongoka, othina, obiriwira a emerald, okhala ndi masamba aubweya; madzi a tiyi — obiriwira mofewa ndi woonekera bwino. Masamba osawala, osweka kapena achikasu sakugwirizana ndi kufotokozera.

11. Mfundo Zosangalatsa

• Mu chigawo chimodzi muli mayina awiri a tiyi otetezedwa — Shítái Xiāngyá ndi Shítái Fùxī Chá wa selenium.
• Mu gulu la 2025 pafupi ndi Shítái Xiāngyá panalinso mitundu ina iwiri ya tiyi ya boma lomwelo — Xiāokēng Lǜchá ndi Huángshí Xī Máofēng.
• Malinga ndi buku la geographical indications, wolemba wa mzera wa Míng Zhāng Xīnghuàn analemba kuti tiyi wa phiri la Xiānyùshān chifukwa cha mtundu wobiriwira ndi ubweya woyera wooneka ankatchedwa “tiyi woyera” (白茶) — dzina loperekedwa chifukwa cha maonekedwe, osati gulu.

12. Kuyerekeza ndi mitundu ina ya tiyi ya boma la Chízhōu

• Xiāokēng Lǜchá (霄坑绿茶): Tiyi wobiriwira wa mudzi wa Xiāokēng m’boma la Guìchí; wovomerezedwa mu gulu lomwelo la 2025.
• Huángshí Xī Máofēng (黄石溪毛峰): Tiyi wobiriwira wa phiri la Jiǔhuáshān m’chigawo cha Qīngyáng; nayenso wochokera mu gulu la 2025.
• Jiǔhuá Fú Chá (九华佛茶): Tiyi wobiriwira wa mbiri yakale wa phiri la Jiǔhuáshān wa boma lomwelo.
• Dōngzhì Yúnjiān (东至云尖): Tiyi wobiriwira wa chigawo choyandikana cha Dōngzhì.
• Qí Mén Hóng Chá (祁门红茶): Tiyi wofiira, womwe chigawo cha Shítái chimalembedwa m’dera lake la mbiri yakale.

Pomaliza:

Shítái Xiāngyá ndi tiyi wobiriwira wa kum’mwera kwa Ānhuī: buku la chizindikiro chaulimi limamuyika ku tiyi wa mzera wa Sòng wa “Nènruǐ”, ndipo chitetezo cha dzinali chinayamba mu 2011. Zofunikira za 2025 zimamufotokoza molondola — kufowoka kwanthawi yayitali, kuwongolera ndi kukanikiza ndi makina, masamba owongoka obiriwira a emerald okhala ndi masamba aubweya, kununkhira kofewa kwapamwamba ndi madzi a tiyi obiriwira mofewa owonekera bwino.

Magwero

Chizindikiro cha malo

• CNIPA 地理标志产品认定 №632

Mndandanda wonse — patsamba la Magwero