Shítái xiāngyá · thetea.app

I-Shitai Xiangya (Shítái xiāngyá, 石台香芽) — “amahlumela anephunga elimnandi aseShitai”, itiye eliluhlaza lasesifundeni saseShitai (石台县) esifundeni sikaMasipala waseChizhou eningizimu yesifundazwe sase-Anhui. Isifunda sisentshonalanga yendawo enezintaba yaseWannan, kanti i-Shitai Xiangya wuphawu lomphakathi lwetiye eliluhlaza lalesi sifunda. Impahla eluhlaza — izinhlobo ze-zhuye, shucha zao kanye ne-Anhui No. 3; iqabunga ngemva kokubuna isikhathi eside liyaqondiswa futhi licindezelwe ngemishini. Igama livikelwe kusukela ngo-2011 ngophawu lwezolimo lwendawo, kusukela ngo-2025 — njengomkhiqizo onophawu lwendawo.

1. Ukuhlukaniswa kanye Nemvelaphi

Uhlobo: Itiye eliluhlaza (绿茶, lǜchá), elingavutshelwanga. Incazelo yophawu lwezolimo ilibeka ngqo emabangeni etiye eliluhlaza ohlobo lwe-hongqing (烘青, hōngqīng) — ngokomiswa komoya oshisayo; uhlelo lwango-2025 — luhlaza: ukubuna, ukumisa, ukubunjwa, ukomiswa.
Isigaba: Itiye eliluhlaza lasentabeni leningizimu ye-Anhui; umkhiqizo onophawu lwendawo.
Imvelaphi: I-China, isifundazwe sase-Anhui (安徽, Ānhuī), isifunda sikaMasipala waseChizhou (池州, Chízhōu), isifunda saseShitai (石台, Shítái).
Indawo evikelwe: Imizana engu-38 ezindaweni eziyisithupha zesifunda: i-Xianyu (仙寓镇), i-Qidu (七都镇), i-Hengdu (横渡镇), i-Dayan (大演乡), i-Renli (仁里镇) kanye ne-Dingxiang (丁香镇). Umfakisicelo — Inhlangano Yetiye yesifunda saseShitai.
Izixhumanisi zendawo: 117°12′–117°59′ empumalanga kanye no-29°59′–30°24′ enyakatho.

2. Umlando kanye Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko

Umlando:
- Ubukhosi baseSong. Incwadi yezinkomba zezindawo icaphuna i-”Wenxian Tongkao” (文献通考): emitiyeni angama-26 adumile ezwe lonke amabili — “i-Xianzhi” (仙芝) kanye “ne-Nenrui” (嫩蕊) — ayevela esifundeni saseShidai (石埭, igama lakudala laseShitai). I-Shitai Xiangya, ngokwaleyo nkomba, ithatha izakhiwo zempahla eluhlaza kanye nekhwalithi ye-”Nenrui”.
- Ubukhosi baseMing. Ngokwaleyo nkomba, umbhali wangeMing u-Zhang Xinghuan (张星焕) ku-”Wanyou Jiwen” (皖游记闻) wabhala ukuthi abantu bendawo babethatha itiye lentaba i-Xianyushan (仙寓山) njengeliyivelakancane futhi “elinezinhlanhla” (瑞茶), kanti imbongi u-Xu Wei (徐渭) ezinkondlweni yakhe yayibeka itiye laseShidai eduze neLongjing neHuqiu.
- 13 Septemba 2011. UMnyango Wezolimo we-PRC wabhalisa “石台香芽” njengomkhiqizo wezolimo onophawu lwendawo. Incazelo yophawu ibeka indawo yokutshala ku-2400 ha.
- 2016. Ngokwencazelo yenkomba, isifunda samukela itiye amazinga amabili esifunda — ngeqabunga elisha kanye nangokucubungula; izinombolo zawo nemibhalo yawo ayikho emithonjeni etholakele.
- 2024. Ukuphathwa kokugadwa kwezimakethe kwaseChizhou embikweni kaJulayi kubala i-Shitai Xiangya phakathi kwemikhiqizo eyisikhombisa yezolimo yedolobha enophawu lwendawo.
- 2025. I-CNIPA ngomemezelo No. 632 wangomhla zi-9 kuJuni 2025 (owashicilelwa zingama-27 kuJuni) yaqaphela imikhiqizo engama-224 enophawu lwendawo; i-Shitai Xiangya ohlwini — ngenombolo 26. Ngokombiko wokuphatha kwaseChizhou (18 Juni 2025), kuleli qembu kwangena imikhiqizo eyisikhombisa yedolobha, kanti seyisonke eChizhou sekuyisishiyagalombili.
Igama: 石台 — isifunda saseShitai, ngokwezwi nezwi “ipulatifomu lamatshe”; 香芽 — “amahlumela anephunga elimnandi”.
Ukubaluleka kwamasiko: Uphawu lomphakathi lwetiye eliluhlaza lesifunda, abakhiqizi bendawo abasebenza ngalo.

3. Incazelo Yezitshalo kanye Nempahla Eluhlaza

Uhlobo / I-cultivar: Ngokwezimfuneko zango-2025 — izinhlobo zama-clone ezisezingeni lesifundazwe nangaphezulu: i-zhuye (槠叶种, zhūyèzhǒng), i-shucha zao (舒茶早, Shūchá zǎo), i-Anhui No. 3 (安徽3号) nezinye.
Ukutshala: Umugqa owodwa — phakathi kwemigqa 150 cm, phakathi kwezihlahla 25–30 cm; imigqa emibili eminyene — imigqa ebanzi 150 cm, emincane 30 cm, phakathi kwezihlahla 30 cm. Kutshalwa ekupheleni kwekwindla nasekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo.
Ukunakekela: Umquba — umquba wezilwane, amagciwane, organic kanye ne-organo-mineral; izinambuzane, izifo nokhula kucindezelwa ngenhlanganisela yezindlela zolimo, zebhayoloji, zomzimba kanye namakhemikhali.
Ukuvuna: Ngokomgomo “wokuhlanganisa ukuvuna nokushiya iqabunga, kubhekwe kokubili ubuningi nekhwalithi”: ngamaqembu, ngesikhathi, ngokwezinga. Izikhathi zokuvuna azikho emithonjeni etholakele.
Izinga lokuvuna: Imininingwane ayikho emithonjeni etholakele.

4. I-Terroir kanye Nezici Zokutshala

Isifunda: Ingxenye esentshonalanga yendawo enezintaba yaseWannan (皖南山区) eningizimu ye-Anhui.
Ukuphakama kokutshala: 300–1000 m, amagquma kanye nezintaba eziphakathi nendawo neziphansi — ngokwencazelo yenkomba. Izimfuneko zango-2025 azikusho ukuphakama.
Indawo kanye nezitshalo: Ngokwencazelo yenkomba, izitshalo zimboza okungenani u-80 % wendawo (enye incazelo ibeka ukuminyana kwehlathi lendawo yetiye ku-80,9 %), kanti imvelo kufanele ihlangabezane nezimo zezingadi zetiye eziphilayo.
Inhlabathi: Ngokwezimfuneko zango-2025 — ukujula kongqimba olusebenzayo kungaphezu kuka-70 cm, ngaphandle kwezingqimba eziminyene kuphrofayili, ngomsebenzi omkhulu webhayoloji kanye nokuqukethwe okungaphansi kwesilinganiso se-organic, i-nitrogen, i-phosphorus ne-potassium. Izincazelo zenkomba ziyacacisa: i-loam, i-loam elula kanye ne-sandy loam; inhlabathi ebomvu nephuzi, kusuka ku-acidic kuya ku-weakly acidic, i-pH 5,5–6,8, nokuqukethwe okulingene kwe-organic.
Isimo sezulu: Ngokwencazelo yenkomba — isimo sezulu se-monsoon emngceleni osenyakatho we-subtropics: ukushintsha okucacile kwezinkathi zonyaka, imvula eningi, umehluko omkhulu wokushisa phakathi kosuku nobusuku kanye nosuku olufushane lwelanga.

5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza

Izimfuneko zango-2025 zibeka uhlelo lwemisebenzi eyisishiyagalolunye; izindlela zokusebenza zibizwa kuphela ngokubuna nokubunjwa.

Iqabunga elisha (鲜叶, xiānyè).
Ukubuna (摊青, tānqīng): Iqabunga linwetshwa amahora angu-6–8.
Ukumisa (杀青, shāqīng).
Ukuphola (摊凉, tānliáng).
Ukubunjwa (做形, zuòxíng): Ngemishini — eyiqondisayo (理条机) kanye neyokugcina (辉干机); izindlela — ukuqondisa (理条, lǐtiáo), ukucindezela (加压, jiāyā) kanye nokugcina ebhodweni (辉锅, huīguō). Kusuka lapha iqabunga eliqondile eliminyene.
Ukuphola (摊凉, tānliáng).
Ukomiswa (烘干, hōnggān).
Ukuhlukanisa (拣剔, jiǎntī).
Ukupakishwa.

Amazinga okushisa nobude bokumisa nokomisa awakho emithonjeni etholakele.

6. Izici Ze-Organoleptic

Incazelo — ngokwezimfuneko zango-2025.

Ukubukeka kweqabunga elomile: Liminyene, liqondile futhi lilingana; amahlumela aqinile, anoboya obubonakalayo; umbala uluhlaza okotshani ocwebezelayo (外形紧直匀整、芽壮显毫、色泽翠绿). Ingosi yezolimo ibhala “liminyene, licijile, lilingana” (紧细匀整) — esikhundleni sika-”liqondile” kuyo kuthiwa “licijile”.
Iphunga leqabunga elomile: Incazelo ehlukile ayikho emithonjeni etholakele.
Iphunga lotshwala: Limnene, liphakeme futhi lihlala isikhathi eside (嫩香高长).
Ukunambitheka: Kuthambile, kuvumelana, kusha futhi kuvuselelayo (滋味醇和鲜爽).
Umbala wotshwala: Uluhlaza omnene, obala (汤色嫩绿清澈).
Indebe yetiye (iqabunga elibilisiwe): Luhlaza omnene, lilingana futhi licwebezela (叶底嫩绿匀亮).

7. Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali

Izimfuneko ze-physico-chemical azikho embhalweni wango-2025; eminye imininingwane nayo ayikho emithonjeni etholakele.

8. Ukwenziwa Kwetiye

Umkhuba wesigaba setiye eliluhlaza; izincomo zalo uqobo azikho emithonjeni etholakele.

Izinga lokushisa lamanzi: 80–85 °C.
Inani letiye: 3 g ku-150 ml.
Izitsha: Ingilazi ekhanyelayo noma i-gaiwan emhlophe.
Inqubo:
1. Fudumeza izitsha.
2. Faka itiye bese uthela amanzi ngasodongeni.
3. Ukumnika kokuqala — ngemva kwemizuzwana engu-40–60.
4. Phuza, ushiya ingxenye yotshwala.
5. Thela amanzi futhi.
6. Ukuthela kabili noma kathathu okuphindwayo.

9. Ukugcinwa

Umkhuba wesigaba. Emaphaketheni avaliwe, esiqandisini ku-0–5 °C, ngaphandle kokukhanya, umswakama nephunga. Kungcono ukuphuzwa phakathi nonyaka.

10. Intengo kanye Nomgunyathi

Imininingwane ngezintengo ayikho emithonjeni etholakele.

Indlela yokugwema umgunyathi:
- Funani uphawu olukhethekile lwendawo. Ilungelo lalo liqinisekiswa yi-CNIPA ngokwesicelo ngokusebenzisa ihhovisi lempahla yobuhlakani yaseChizhou kanye nokuphatha kwesifundazwe sase-Anhui.
- Qinisekisa ukuthi itiye livela ezindaweni eziyisithupha ezibiziwe zesifunda saseShitai.
- Ungalididanisi ne-Shitai Fuxi Cha (石台富硒茶) — itiye le-selenium lesifunda esifanayo: umkhiqizo ohlukile onokuvikelwa kwawo, ngokwenkomba ka-2024 amabhizinisi amathathu avunyelwe ukusebenzisa uphawu lwawo. Izimfuneko ze-Shitai Xiangya azikukhulumi i-selenium.
- Iqabunga — liqondile, liminyene, luhlaza okotshani, linamahlumela anoboya; utshwala — buhlaza omnene futhi bubala. Iqabunga elifiphele, eliphukile noma eliphuzi alihambisani nencazelo.

11. Amaqiniso Athakazelisayo

Esifundeni esisodwa kuhlala amagama amabili etiye avikelwe — i-Shitai Xiangya kanye ne-selenium i-Shitai Fuxi Cha.
Eqenjini lika-2025 eduze ne-Shitai Xiangya kwaba namanye amatiye amabili esifunda esifanayo sikamasipala — i-Xiaokeng Lücha ne-Huangshi Xi Maofeng.
Ngokwencwadi yezinkomba zezindawo, umbhali wangeMing u-Zhang Xinghuan wabhala ukuthi itiye lentaba i-Xianyushan ngenxa yombala walo oluhlaza noboya obumhlophe obubonakalayo lalibizwa “ngetiye elimhlophe” (白茶) — igama lesidlaliso ngokubukeka, hhayi isigaba.

12. Ukuqhathaniswa namanye amatiye esifunda saseChizhou

I-Xiaokeng Lücha (霄坑绿茶): Itiye eliluhlaza lomuzi waseXiaokeng esifundeni saseGuichi; laqashelwa ngeqembu elifanayo lika-2025.
I-Huangshi Xi Maofeng (黄石溪毛峰): Itiye eliluhlaza lase-Jiuhuashan esifundeni saseQingyang; nalo lisuka eqenjini lika-2025.
I-Jiuhua Fo Cha (九华佛茶): Itiye eliluhlaza lomlando lentaba i-Jiuhuashan yesifunda esifanayo sikamasipala.
I-Dongzhi Yunjian (东至云尖): Itiye eliluhlaza lesifunda esingumakhelwane saseDongzhi.
I-Qimen Hong Cha (祁门红茶): Itiye elibomvu, endaweni yalo yomlando kubalwa nesifunda saseShitai.

Ekuphetheni:

I-Shitai Xiangya — itiye eliluhlaza leningizimu ye-Anhui: inkomba yophawu lwezolimo ilibuyisela ku-”Nenrui” yaseSong, kanti ukuvikelwa kwegama kuqala ngo-2011. Izimfuneko zango-2025 zilichaza ngokunembile — ukubuna isikhathi eside, ukuqondisa nokucindezela ngomshini, iqabunga eliqondile eliluhlaza okotshani elinamahlumela anoboya, iphunga elimnene eliphakeme kanye notshwala obala obuhlaza omnene.

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