Gùshǐ Huánggūshān chá

Gùshǐ Huánggūshān chá (Gùshǐ Huánggūshān chá, 固始皇姑山茶) ndi “tii ya phiri la Huanggushan kuchokera ku Gushi”: tii wobiriwira wa phiri la Huanggushan (皇姑山) kumpoto kwa mapiri a Dabieshan, m’chigawo cha Wumiaoji m’boma la Gushi (固始县) m’zigawo za Xinyang, m’chigawo cha Henan. Dzina la phirili, “phiri la mwana wamkazi wa mfumu,” limagwirizanitsidwa ndi mfumu Qianlong m’mbiri ya komweko. Kuyambira 2014, tiyi amatetezedwa monga chizindikiro chaulimi cha geographic, ndipo kuyambira 2025, monga mankhwala okhala ndi chizindikiro cha geographic, ovomerezedwa ndi CNIPA.

1. Gulu ndi Chiyambi

• Mtundu: Tii wobiriwira (绿茶, lǜchá). Gululi limaperekedwa ndi luso lochokera ku zofunikira za chitetezo cha 2025: pambuyo pa kufota, masamba amakhazikika ndi kutentha (杀青), palibe gawo la okosijeni, mtundu wa masamba owuma ndi wobiriwira wofewa.
• Gulu: Tii wobiriwira wa mapiri kumwera kwa Henan; mankhwala okhala ndi chizindikiro cha geographic (2025), kuyambira 2014 komanso chizindikiro chaulimi cha geographic.
• Chiyambi: China, chigawo cha Henan (河南, Hénán), mzinda wa Xinyang (信阳, Xìnyáng), boma la Gushi (固始, Gùshǐ), chigawo cha Wumiaoji (武庙集乡, Wǔmiàojí xiāng).
• Malo otetezedwa: Dera la chigawo cha Wumiaoji, phiri la Huanggushan; makamaka midzi ya Changjianghe (长江河村), Sokou (锁口村) ndi Huangtuling (黄土岭村). Wopempha mu 2025 ndi boma la anthu la boma la Gushi.
• Ma coordinates a geographic: Chikalata chimapereka chimango cha 115°20′–115°56′ E ndi 31°45′–32°35′ N, pafupifupi boma lonse, osati malo a minda.

2. Mbiri ndi Tanthauzo la Chikhalidwe

• Mbiri:
  • Tii wa boma. Kufotokozera kwa chizindikiro cha 2014 kumanena za zaka 2300 za ulimi wa tii ku Gushi: mu 1987, tii anapezeka pakati pa zinthu za maliro akale ku likulu la boma. Tsiku lake ndi la nthawi ya States Zolimbana, malinga ndi kufotokozera kwina, la nthawi ya Spring ndi Autumn ndi States Zolimbana.
  • 1908–1914, chizindikiro. Malinga ndi nyuzipepala ya “Xinyang Ribao” (2018), chizindikiro “Huanggushan” chimachokera ku 1908. Mu March 1912, woyambitsa famuyo Zhang Liangrong (张良荣) ndi banja lake anayeretsa mapiri kuti akhazikitse munda, ndipo mu May 1914, tii anatchulidwa ndi dzina la phirilo.
  • 1920–1930s, luso. Banjali linatengera njira za Anhui Liu An Gua Pian ndi Huangshan Mao Feng; cha m’ma 1930, ndondomeko ya “kufota, kukazinga, kupota, kuwongola masamba” (摊放、杀青、揉捻、理条) inakhazikitsidwa.
  • 2010. Nthano ya tii wa Huanggushan inalembedwa m’ndandanda wachiwiri wa chikhalidwe chosagwirizana ndi mzinda wa Xinyang.
  • 2013–2014. Pempho linaperekedwa ndi mgwirizano wa tii wa boma wa Xingnong (固始县兴农茶叶专业合作社); mu 2013 lidadutsa kafukufuku wa Center for Quality and Safety of Agricultural Products wa Ministry of Agriculture, ndipo pa 22 May 2014, unduna udavomereza kulembetsa chizindikiro chaulimi cha geographic.
  • 2025. State Intellectual Property Office (CNIPA) mwa chidziwitso No. 625 (chosainidwa pa 1 April, chofalitsidwa pa 14 April) idavomereza malonda 90, kuphatikizapo Gushi Huanggushan Cha, monga mankhwala okhala ndi chizindikiro cha geographic.
• Dzina: 固始 ndi boma la Gushi; 皇姑山 ndi phiri la Huanggushan, “phiri la mwana wamkazi wa mfumu”; 茶 ndi tii.
• Nthano: Malinga ndi nthano yofotokozedwa ndi nyuzipepala ndi zolemba zofotokozera, mfumu Qianlong, akuyenda mobisa, anadwala chimfine m’mapiri awa, ndipo anamuthandiza ndi tii wa phiri msungwana wazaka khumi ndi zisanu ndi ziwiri Zhu Fenggu (朱凤姑). Mfumuyo akuti inatcha tii “Yuye xiang” (玉叶香, yùyè xiāng, “kununkhira kwa tsamba la yasipi”) ndipo anamutenga mtsikanayo kukhala mwana wamkazi wovomerezeka; paulendo wopita ku likulu, adamwalira pa siteshoni ya positi ku Xinyang, anaikidwa m’manda pa phiri lakwawo, ndipo phirilo linayamba kutchedwa Huanggushan. Mabaibulo amasiyana, mwachitsanzo, pa nyengo yokolola tii wapanyumba, gǔyǔ (谷雨) kapena Qingming (清明). Kufotokozera kumatchula mbiri ya banja la Zhu, koma chikalatacho sichikupezeka m’magwero omwe anapezeka.
• Tanthauzo la chikhalidwe: Malinga ndi nyuzipepala ya “Xinyang Ribao,” mu 2011, masewero a nyimbo “Spring on Huanggushan Mountain” (春满皇姑山) adapangidwa motengera nthano, ndipo adalandira mphotho ya mpikisano wa zisudzo wachigawo.

3. Kufotokozera kwa Botanical ndi Zopangira

• Mitundu / Cultivar: Malinga ndi zofunikira za 2025, mitundu ya komweko ya Xinyang (信阳本地种). Kufotokozera kwa 2014 kumatchula mtundu wa komweko wa benshan (本山良种), womwenso ndi wa Xinyang (信阳种). Kufotokozera: chitsamba chochepa chofalikira, tsamba lapakati, lozungulira-elliptical, lobiriwira lakuda; bud lalikulu, loopsa kwambiri. Anthu amatcha mtunduwo “tii wa masamba a msondodzi” (柳叶茶, liǔyè chá).
• Kukolola: Kuyambira kumapeto kwa March mpaka pakati pa May.
• Muyeso wa kukolola: Kuchokera ku bud limodzi mpaka bud ndi masamba awiri.

4. Terroir ndi Zochitika za Kulima

• Dera: Kumpoto kwa Dabieshan, mtsinje wa Huaihe.
• Kutalika kwa kulima: Zofunikira za chitetezo zimanena za mapiri pa kutalika kwa 600 m. Nyuzipepala ya “Xinyang Ribao” imatchula kutalika kwa phirilo, 768 m, kufotokozera kumodzi kumanena za minda “pamwamba pa 800 m.” Kusiyana sikunathetsedwe.
• Dothi: Yellow-brown (黄棕壤), acidic, pH 4.0–6.5, organic matter yoposa 1.0%. Kufotokozera kwa 2014 kumawonjezera dothi lachikasu-bulauni (黄褐土).
• Nyengo ya boma (malinga ndi kufotokozera kwa 2014): kusintha kuchokera ku subtropics kupita ku kotentha kotentha; kutentha kwapachaka 15.3 °C, nthawi yopanda chisanu masiku 228, kuwala kwa dzuwa maola 2150.6, mvula 1073.5 mm pachaka.
• Malo ndi zokolola: Kufotokozera kwa 2014 kumatchula mahekitala 400 a nthaka yoyenera tii ndi matani 240 a tii pachaka.

5. Luso la Kupanga

Zofunikira za chitetezo cha 2025 zimapereka magawo asanu ndi atatu:

1. Kusankha masamba atsopano (鲜叶分级, xiānyè fēnjí): Kusefa malinga ndi kufewa ndi kukula.
2. Kufota (摊放, tānfàng): Wosanjikiza 3 cm, maola 6-8, kutembenuzidwa maola awiri aliwonse; kutaya kulemera pafupifupi 12%.
3. Kukazinga (杀青, shāqīng): 110–120 °C, mphindi 2.5–3, mpaka kutaya kuwala ndi fungo la udzu; tsinde limapindika osathyoka.
4. Kupota (揉捻, róuniǎn): Malinga ndi lamulo “mopepuka, mwamphamvu, mopepuka,” mphindi 6-10; kupindika koposa 95% ya masamba.
5. Kuwongola masamba (理条, lǐtiáo): 90–100 °C, mphindi 5-6, mpaka tii yolimba yowongoka; chinyezi pafupifupi 25%.
6. Kuyanika koyamba (初烘, chūhōng): Wosanjikiza 1 cm, 110–120 °C, mphindi 10-12, mpaka chinyezi 10-15%.
7. Kuzizira (摊晾, tānliàng): Maola 4-6, mpaka chinyezi chikhale chofanana.
8. Kuyanika komaliza (复烘, fùhōng): 80 °C, mphindi 25-30, mpaka chinyezi 5-6%; pambuyo pa kuzizira, tii amasindikizidwa.

Kufotokozera kwa 2014 kunapereka ndondomeko ina, yamanja: “poti yaiwisi” (生锅) pa 140–160 °C, “poti yakupsa” (熟锅) pa 80–100 °C ndi kuwongola masamba ndi dzanja, ndi kutentha katatu mpaka chinyezi chochepera 6%. Ndi ndondomeko iti yomwe ikugwiritsidwa ntchito tsopano, magwero sananene.

6. Makhalidwe a Organoleptic

Malinga ndi zofunikira za chitetezo cha 2025:

• Maonekedwe a masamba owuma: Tii yolimba, yokongola, yozungulira ndi yowongoka (条索紧秀圆直), bud lalikulu ndi lodzaza, mtundu wobiriwira wofewa.
• Fungo la masamba owuma: Palibe kufotokozera kosiyana m’magwero omwe anapezeka.
• Fungo la infusion: Fungo la orchid (兰花香气).
• Kukoma: Kwatsopano ndi kosangalatsa, ndi kubwerera kokoma (鲜爽回甘).
• Mtundu wa infusion: “Mtundu wa bud la msondodzi” (柳芽黄), wowonekera ndi wowala.
• Pansi pa tii (masamba ophikidwa): Ofewa ndi ofanana, opanda ming’alu kapena zonyansa.

Zolemba zofotokozera zimanena kuti infusion ndi yobiriwira (汤色碧绿); zolemba za chitetezo zimawerengedwa ngati zodalirika.

7. Zomwe Zili mu Chemical

Miyezo ndi yofanana mu kufotokozera kwa 2014 ndi zofunikira za 2025:

Chizindikiro	Muyeso
Ma amino acid aulere	osachepera 2%
Ma polyphenols a tii	osachepera 18%
Vitamini C	osachepera 130 mg/100 g
Selenium	osachepera 0.1 mg/kg

Tsamba lofotokozera limapereka ziwerengero zapamwamba, polyphenols kuyambira 19.6%, selenium kuyambira 0.129 mg/kg, popanda gwero.

8. Zopindulitsa

Palibe deta yotsimikizika ya zotsatira za tii imeneyi. Selenium mu tebulo ndi muyeso wa zomwe zili, osati lonjezo la phindu.

9. Kupanga

Mchitidwe wa gulu la tii wobiriwira. Madzi 80–85 °C, 3 g pa 150 ml, kapu yagalasi kapena gaiwan yoyera. Thirani madzi kumbali, infusion yoyamba pakadutsa masekondi 40-60; imwani, kusiya gawo la infusion, ndikuwonjezera madzi, kawiri kapena katatu.

10. Kusunga

Mchitidwe wa gulu. Mu phukusi losindikizidwa, mufiriji pa 0–5 °C, popanda kuwala, chinyezi ndi fungo; bwino kumwa mkati mwa chaka.

11. Mtengo ndi Zonamizira

Palibe deta ya mitengo m’magwero omwe anapezeka.

• Momwe mungapewere zonamizira:
  • Fufuzani chizindikiro chapadera cha geographic: mwayi wa kupanga kuchokera ku dera umaperekedwa ndi CNIPA mwa kuyimilira kwa boma ndi chigawo.
  • Musasokoneze chizindikiro ndi chizindikiro: pansi pa chizindikiro “Huanggushan” (皇姑山), malinga ndi mawebusaiti ofotokozera, Xinyang Mao Jian amagulitsidwanso.
  • Masamba ndi olimba, ozungulira ndi owongoka, ndi bud lalikulu; infusion ndi ya mtundu wa bud la msondodzi; fungo ndi la orchid.

12. Zochititsa Chidwi

• Nthano yomwe inapatsa phirilo dzina lake idakhala cholowa chotetezedwa: kuyambira 2010, ili pamndandanda wa chikhalidwe chosagwirizana ndi Xinyang.
• Nyuzipepala imayika phirilo pamalire a midzi ya Sokou, Changjianghe ndi Huangling (黄岭); m’malemba a chitetezo, m’malo mwa yomaliza, ndi Huangtuling (黄土岭).
• Malinga ndi nyuzipepala ya “Xinyang Ribao,” mu 2017, tiyi adalandira satifiketi ya organic product.

13. Kufanizira ndi Tii Wapafupi

• Xinyang Mao Jian (信阳毛尖): Tii wamkulu wa chigawo; ndondomeko yamanja ya 2014 ya Huanggushan Cha ndi ya Xinyang, ndi “poti yaiwisi” ndi “poti yakupsa.”
• Yangtian Xue Lü (仰天雪绿): Tii wobiriwira wa boma lomwelo la Gushi, koma wophwanyika.
• Gushi Yunwu (固始云雾): Chizindikiro cha satifiketi cha boma lomwelo; gulu silinafotokozedwe.
• Liu An Gua Pian (六安瓜片): Tii wa Anhui, amene njira zake, malinga ndi nyuzipepala, banja la woyambitsa linatengera.

Pomaliza:

Gushi Huanggushan Cha ndi tii wobiriwira wamapiri wochepa wa phiri limodzi kumpoto kwa Dabieshan: mahekitala 400 a nthaka yoyenera, mtundu wa komweko wopepuka, tii yozungulira yowongoka, infusion ya mtundu wa bud la msondodzi ndi fungo la orchid. Kumbuyo kwake pali chizindikiro cha banja kuyambira 1908, nthano ya Qianlong, ndi zotetezedwa ziwiri, 2014 ndi 2025.

Magwero

Chizindikiro cha malo

• CNIPA 地理标志产品认定 №625

Mndandanda wonse — patsamba la Magwero