Gùshǐ yúnwù · thetea.app

Gushi Yunwu (Gùshǐ yúnwù, 固始云雾) — “mitambo ndi chifunga cha Gushi”: dzina la tiyi wa m’boma la Gushi (固始县) m’chigawo cha Xinyang kumwera kwa chigawo cha Henan. Dzinali limatetezedwa ndi chizindikiro cha geographical certification No. 5124386, mwini wake ndi bungwe la tiyi la m’boma la Gushi (固始县茶叶协会); chizindikirocho chili m’ndandanda wa boma wa zizindikiro za geographical indications zolembetsedwa pa 31 December 2009. Zolemba zokhudza tiyi weniweni zapezeka zochepa: ngakhale gulu, ngakhale luso, ngakhale zofunika pa maonekedwe, magwero oyambirira satchula.

1. Gulu ndi Chiyambi

Mtundu: Sinakhazikitsidwe. Mawu oti “云雾” (yúnwù, “mitambo ndi chifunga”) ndi chithunzithunzi cha malo a m’mapiri, osati chisonyezero cha gulu. Malinga ndi National Development and Reform Commission (2021), boma limapanga Xinyang Mao Jian, tiyi wa m’derali wodziwika, tiyi wobiriwira wokazinga (炒青绿茶), tiyi wofiira wa Xinyang ndi matcha; kuti katundu wa chizindikirocho ali mgulu liti, palibe chikalata chilichonse chomwe chimanena. Nkhani yodziwika ya 2025 imalongosola luso la tiyi wobiriwira, koma ili ndi gwero losadalirika (gawo 5), ndipo sindikupereka gulu malinga ndi ilo.
Gulu: Chizindikiro cha geographical certification cha boma; katundu malinga ndi ka regitala — “tiyi” (茶).
Chiyambi: China, chigawo cha Henan (河南, Hénán), chigawo cha Xinyang (信阳, Xìnyáng), boma la Gushi (固始, Gùshǐ).
Malo a chizindikiro: Sanayesedwe. Boma latchulidwa malinga ndi mwini chizindikiro; malire azamalamulo a malowa sindinawaone. Malinga ndi National Development and Reform Commission, minda ya tiyi ya boma ili m’ma ward ndi matauni akumwera amapiri: Chenlin (陈淋), Zushi (祖师), Wumiao (武庙), Duanji (段集), Fangji (方集), komanso Liji (黎集), Zhaogang (赵岗), Guolutan (郭陆滩), Zhanglaobu (张老埠) ndi Sanhejian (三河尖).
Ma coordinates a geographical: Boma la Gushi — pafupifupi 32.2° N lat. ndi 115.6° E lon.

2. Mbiri ndi Tanthauzo la Chikhalidwe

Mbiri:
- Tiyi wa boma. Malinga ndi nkhani ya National Development and Reform Commission (2021), ulimi wa tiyi ku Gushi, malinga ndi kafukufuku (据考证), uli ndi zaka zoposa 2300. Kuchokera ku “tiyi wa m’chikho chaching’ono” (小锅茶) wachikhalidwe ndi tiyi wobiriwira wokazinga kunakula mzere wamakono wa boma.
- 1914. Nkhani yomweyi imanena kuti m’chaka chachitatu cha Republic (1914) “固始云雾茶” anatenga nawo mbali pa mpikisano wa ku Panama wa zokolola ndipo anadziwika. Sizinenedwe za mphoto. Masamba otchuka alemba kale za mphoto; sindinapeze umboni wake.
- Kulembetsa chizindikiro. Chizindikiro No. 5124386 (katundu — tiyi, mwini — bungwe la tiyi la boma la Gushi) chinalowetsedwa m’ndandanda wa zizindikiro za geographical indications zolembetsedwa za State Administration for Industry and Commerce pa 31 December 2009 komanso m’ndandanda wa Trademark Bureau wa 2012. Tsiku la kulembetsa m’mindandanda imeneyi kulibe. Nkhani yodziwika ya 2025 imatchula chaka cha 2006; gwero loyambirira silinatsimikizire izi.
- Udindo. Malinga ndi registry ya 2026, dzinalo linali lolembetsedwa pa tsiku la gwero; ngati chitetezo chikugwira ntchito lero, sizinatsimikizidwe.
- 2024. “Nongmin Ribao” (农民日报) inafotokoza za mudzi wa Wangling (汪岭村) wa m’tauni ya Chenlinzi (陈淋子镇): kumeneko kumagwira ntchito makampani 13 a tiyi, ndipo motsogozedwa ndi iwo akukula mofanana ndi bowa pambuyo pa mvula mayendedwe a tiyi a m’derali “固始云雾” ndi “高山茶” — “tiyi wa kumapiri.”
Dzina: 固始 — dzina la boma; 云雾 — “mitambo ndi chifunga.” Umu ndi momwe amatchulira tiyi ambiri akumapiri a ku China, ndipo liwu lokha silikhazikitsa gulu.
Tanthauzo la chikhalidwe: National Development and Reform Commission imatchula mitundu itatu ya tiyi ya boma yokhala ndi udindo wa “chizindikiro chodziwika cha China” (中国驰名商标): “九华山”, “仰天雪绿” ndi “十八盘”. Gushi Yunwu sali m’gulu limeneli. “Nongmin Ribao” mu 2024 inalemba kuti mitundu ya tiyi ya Gushi “九华山毛尖”, “仰天雪绿” ndi “青峰云雾” idakhala yodziwika bwino pa tiyi wa Xinyang; “青峰云雾” ndiyenso “yúnwù” ya boma, koma momwe imagwirizana ndi chizindikiro “固始云雾”, magwero omwe apezeka sananene.

3. Kufotokoza Kwachomera ndi Zopangira

Mtundu / Cultivar: Pa chizindikiro chenichenicho mitundu sinatchulidwe. Malinga ndi National Development and Reform Commission (2021), m’minda ya boma mumamera mitundu ya m’derali ya Xinyang (信阳群体种, Xìnyáng qúntǐzhǒng), Fuding Dabai (福鼎大白, Fúdǐng dàbái), Wuniuzao (乌牛早, Wūniúzǎo), Shuchazao (舒茶早, Shūcházǎo) ndi Longjing 43 (龙井43, Lóngjǐng 43). Mitengo ya mbewu (有性系) imagwira ma mu 119,500 — 73.7% ya minda ya boma, mitengo ya ma clone (无性系) — ma mu 42,500, 26.3%. Izi ndi zambiri za boma lonse, osati za tiyi wa chizindikiro.
Kututa ndi muyezo wa kututa: Palibe zambiri m’magwero omwe apezeka.
Zofunika pa zopangira: Palibe zambiri m’magwero omwe apezeka.

4. Terroir ndi Makhalidwe a Kulima

Dera: Kumwera kwa boma la Gushi — ma ward akumapiri otchulidwa mu gawo 1. Nkhani yodziwika imayika minda m’kati mwa mapiri a Dabie (大别山); kufotokoza kwalamulo kwa malowa sindinakuwone.
Nyengo: “Nongmin Ribao” imafotokoza za mudzi wa Wangling ngati malo okhala ndi nyengo ya kumapiri, kusintha kwakukulu kwa kutentha pakati pa usana ndi usiku komanso dzuwa lochuluka. Mankhwalawa sakupereka ziwerengero.
Kutalika: Palibe zambiri zamalamulo. Nkhani yodziwika imanena za minda pamwamba pa mita 800; gwero loyambirira silinatsimikizire izi.
Dothi: Palibe zambiri m’magwero omwe apezeka.
Malo a minda ya boma: Malinga ndi National Development and Reform Commission, ma mu 162,000 mu 2020. Malinga ndi “Nongmin Ribao”, mu 2023 — ma mu 165,500, pomwe ma mu 135,000 ndi minda yomwe imatutidwa, matani 6,600 a tiyi ndi mtengo wa zokolola 1 biliyoni yuan. Izi ndi ziwerengero za boma lonse malinga ndi atolankhani ndi bungwe, osati zokolola za tiyi “固始云雾”.

5. Luso la Kupanga

Sindinapeze chikalata ndi luso la Gushi Yunwu. Nkhani yodziwika ya 2025 yopanda mlembi imalemba za kututa kwa bud limodzi ndi tsamba limodzi lomwe langotuluka kumene komanso za ntchito yamanja: kukhazikitsa, kupotoza, kuwongola, kuyanika. Sindikhulupirira nkhani yomweyi: siyitchula mlembi ndipo pankhani ya “固始云雾” imapereka, osasiyanitsa, zokolola za boma lonse (matani 6,000 mu 2020 — malinga ndi National Development and Reform Commission ili ndi ziwerengero za boma lonse).

Ngati katundu wa chizindikiro ndi tiyi wobiriwira, monga momwe amalembera zofotokoza zotchuka, dongosolo lonse la gululi ndi ili:

Kuyala tsamba latsopano (摊放, tānfàng): Tsamba limapereka chinyezi china.
Kukhazikitsa (杀青, shāqīng): Kutentha kumayimitsa oxidation.
Kupotoza (揉捻, róuniǎn).
Kuyanika (干燥, gānzào).

Ili ndi dongosolo lonse la gululi, osati kufotokoza luso la Gushi Yunwu.

6. Makhalidwe a Organoleptic

Palibe chikalata ndi zofunika pa maonekedwe.

Maonekedwe a tsamba louma: Palibe zambiri m’magwero omwe apezeka.
Fungo la tsamba louma: Palibe zambiri m’magwero omwe apezeka.
Fungo la madzi: Palibe zambiri m’magwero omwe apezeka.
Kukoma: Palibe zambiri m’magwero omwe apezeka.
Mtundu wa madzi: Palibe zambiri m’magwero omwe apezeka.
Pansi pa tiyi (tsamba lopangidwa): Palibe zambiri m’magwero omwe apezeka.

Nkhani yodziwika yosadalirika ya 2025 imalongosola tsamba ngati lopindika mopyapyala komanso molimba, madzi — obiriwira ofewa komanso owala, tsamba lopangidwa — lofanana komanso lamoyo (外形紧细卷曲、汤色嫩绿明亮、叶底匀整鲜活). Ndikupereka izi ngati kufotokoza kwina, osati ngati maonekedwe otsimikiziridwa.

7. Kapangidwe ka Mankhwala

Palibe zambiri za physicochemical m’magwero omwe apezeka.

8. Kupanga

Mchitidwe wa gulu. Gulu silinakhazikitsidwe; malangizo omwe ali pansipa ndi a tiyi wobiriwira, womwe mafotokozedwe otchuka amanena.

Kutentha kwa madzi: 80–85 °C.
Kuchuluka kwa tiyi: 3 g pa 150 ml.
Zotengera: Girazi kapena gaiwan yoyera.
Ndondomeko:
1. Tenthetsa chotengera.
2. Ikani tiyi ndipo tsanulire madzi m’mbali.
3. Kupanga koyamba — pakadutsa masekondi 40–60.
4. Imwani, kusiya gawo la madzi.
5. Onjezerani madzi.
6. Kupanga kawiri kapena katatu mobwerezabwereza.

9. Kusunga

Mchitidwe wa gulu la tiyi wobiriwira. M’paketi yotsekedwa, mufiriji pa 0–5 °C, popanda kuwala, chinyezi ndi fungo; ndibwino kumwa mkati mwa chaka.

10. Mtengo ndi Zonamizira

Palibe zambiri za mitengo m’magwero odalirika. Sindikubwereza magawo amitengo ochokera ku nkhani yodziwika.

Momwe mungapewere zonamizira:
- Fufuzani chizindikiro cha geographical certification “固始云雾” ndikuonetsetsa kuti wopanga akuchokera m’boma la Gushi.
- Kumbukirani kuti kugwira ntchito kwa chitetezo sikunatsimikizidwe pakadali pano: chizindikiro pa paketi chiyenera kuyesedwa ndi registry.
- Musasokoneze ndi “青峰云雾” — awa ndi mtundu wina wa boma, ubale wake ndi chizindikiro sunakhazikitsidwe.
- Mawu oti “云雾” pa paketi sakwanira: amatchulira tiyi m’zigawo zambiri.

11. Zambiri Zosangalatsa

Malinga ndi National Development and Reform Commission, tiyi wa dzina “固始云雾” anapita ku mpikisano wa ku Panama mu 1914 — pafupifupi zaka zana dzinali lisanafike m’ndandanda wa geographical indications.
Udindo wa “chizindikiro chodziwika cha China” m’boma unalandira mitundu ina ya tiyi — “九华山”, “仰天雪绿” ndi “十八盘”, osati Gushi Yunwu.
M’boma limodzi muli “yúnwù” ziwiri: chizindikiro “固始云雾” ndi mtundu “青峰云雾”.

12. Kufanizira ndi Tiyi Ena

Xinyang Mao Jian (信阳毛尖): Tiyi wamkulu wobiriwira wa chigawo cha Xinyang; malinga ndi National Development and Reform Commission, amapangidwanso ku Gushi.
Yangtian Xue Lü (仰天雪绿): Tiyi wobiriwira wa boma lomwelo ndi imodzi mwa mitundu itatu “yodziwika”.
Xinyang Hong (信阳红): Tiyi wofiira wa chigawo; tiyi wofiira wa Xinyang, malinga ndi National Development and Reform Commission, ulinso m’mzere wa Gushi.
Lushan Yun Wu (庐山云雾): Tiyi wobiriwira wa phiri la Lushan ku Jiangxi — mmodzi mwa “yúnwù” odziwika kwambiri ku China; ndi Gushi amangogwirizana pa liwu lokha.

Pomaliza:

Gushi Yunwu — dzina lomwe limadziwika bwino kuposa tiyi weniweni: chizindikiro chalembetsedwa kwa bungwe la tiyi la boma ndipo chili m’mindandanda ya boma ya 2009 ndi 2012, National Development and Reform Commission imakumbukira mpikisano wa ku Panama wa 1914, ndipo atolankhani a 2024 — mudzi wamapiri wa Wangling, kumene mayendedwe awa akukula pamodzi ndi makampani. Gululi, luso ndi maonekedwe zikalata sizitchula, choncho mu encyclopedia iyi ndi nkhani yachidule yokhudza chizindikiro, osati kufotokoza kakomedwe. Kuti mumve kukoma kotsimikizika kwa Xinyang, muyenera kupita ku Xinyang Mao Jian ndi Yangtian Xue Lü za boma lomwelo.