Gùshǐ Huánggūshān chá

I-Gushi Huanggushan Cha (Gùshǐ Huánggūshān chá, 固始皇姑山茶) — «itiye lentaba i-Huanggushan yase-Gushi»: itiye eliluhlaza elivela entabeni i-Huanggushan (皇姑山) emaphethelweni asenyakatho e-Dabieshan, esifundeni sase-Wumiaoji esifundeni sase-Gushi (固始县) ngaphansi kwedolobha i-Xinyang, esifundazweni sase-Henan. Igama lentaba — «intaba yendodakazi yombusi» — indinganiso yendawo ilixhumanisa nombusi u-Qianlong. Kusukela ngo-2014 itiye livikelwa njengesibonakaliso sezolimo sendawo, kusukela ngo-2025 — njengomkhiqizo onesibonakaliso sendawo esiqashelwa yi-CNIPA.

1. Ukuhlukaniswa kanye Nemvelaphi

Uhlobo: Itiye eliluhlaza (绿茶, lǜchá). Izinga linqunywa ubuchwepheshe obuvela ezidingweni zokuvikelwa zika-2025: ngemva kokubuna, iqabunga liqiniswa ngokushisa (杀青), asikho isigaba se-oxidation, umbala weqabunga elomile — uluhlaza okotshani omnene.
Isigaba: Itiye eliluhlaza lasentabeni laseningizimu ye-Henan; umkhiqizo onesibonakaliso sendawo (2025), kusukela ngo-2014 — futhi nesibonakaliso sezolimo sendawo.
Imvelaphi: I-China, isifundazwe sase-Henan (河南, Hénán), idolobha i-Xinyang (信阳, Xìnyáng), isifunda sase-Gushi (固始, Gùshǐ), isifunda esingaphansi kwe-Wumiaoji (武庙集乡, Wǔmiàojí xiāng).
Indawo evikelwe: Indawo yesifunda i-Wumiaoji, intaba i-Huanggushan; ikakhulukazi amadolobhana ase-Changjianghe (长江河村), i-Suokou (锁口村) ne-Huangtuling (黄土岭村). Umfakisicelo ngo-2025 — uhulumeni wesifunda sase-Gushi.
Izixhumanisi zendawo: Umbhalo unikeza uhlaka lwe-115°20′–115°56′ empumalanga nobude obungu-31°45′–32°35′ enyakatho — cishe sonke isifunda, hhayi indawo yezingadi.

2. Umlando kanye Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko

Umlando:
- Itiye lesifunda. Incazelo yesibonakaliso sika-2014 ikhuluma ngeminyaka engu-2300 yokutshala itiye e-Gushi: ngo-1987 itiye latholakala phakathi kwezinto zasendulo zomngcwabo enkabeni yesifunda. Usuku — iNkathi Yezizwe Ezilwayo, ngokwenye incazelo — iNkathi Yentwasahlobo NeNkathi Yezizwe Ezilwayo.
- 1908–1914 — uphawu. Ngokwephephandaba i-«Xinyang Ribao» (2018), uphawu lwe-«Huanggushan» lubalwa kusukela ngo-1908. NgoMashi 1912 umsunguli wepulazi u-Zhang Liangrong (张良荣) nomndeni wakhe basusa amahlathi emithambekeni ukuze bakhe ingadi, kwathi ngoMeyi 1914 itiye laqanjwa ngegama lentaba.
- 1920–1930 — ubuchwepheshe. Umndeni wafunda amasu avela e-Anhui Liu An Gua Pian nase-Huangshan Mao Feng; cishe ngo-1930 kwakheka uchungechunge oluthi «ukubuna — ukuqinisa — ukusonga — ukulungisa iqabunga» (摊放、杀青、揉捻、理条).
- 2010. Indinganiso yetiye lase-Huanggushan yafakwa ohlwini lwesibili lwamagugu angaphatheki edolobha i-Xinyang.
- 2013–2014. Isicelo safakwa ngumfelandawonye wetiye wesifunda i-Xingnong (固始县兴农茶叶专业合作社); ngo-2013 sadlula ekuhlolweni kwe-Centre for Quality and Safety of Agricultural Products yoMnyango Wezolimo, kwathi ngomhla ka-22 Meyi 2014 umnyango wagunyaza ukubhaliswa kwesibonakaliso sezolimo sendawo.
- 2025. Ihhovisi likahulumeni lobunikazi bengqondo (CNIPA) ngesimemezelo esingu-Nu. 625 (esasayinwa ngomhla ka-1 Ephreli, sashicilelwa ngomhla ka-14 Ephreli) saqashela imikhiqizo engu-90, phakathi kwabo kukhona ne-Gushi Huanggushan Cha, njengemikhiqizo enezibonakaliso zendawo.
Igama: 固始 — isifunda sase-Gushi; 皇姑山 — intaba i-Huanggushan, «intaba yendodakazi yombusi»; 茶 — itiye.
Indinganiso: Ngendaba ephephandabeni nasezincazelweni, umbusi u-Qianlong, ehamba engaziwa, wangenwa umkhuhlane kulezi zintaba, futhi welashwa ngetiye lasentabeni yintombi yasezintabeni eneminyaka eyishumi nesikhombisa u-Zhu Fenggu (朱凤姑). Umbusi kuthiwa waqamba itiye ngokuthi «Yuye Xiang» (玉叶香, yùyè xiāng — «iphunga leqabunga le-jade») futhi wamthatha intombi njengendodakazi yakhe yokutholwa; endleleni eya enhloko-dolobha washonela esiteshini seposi e-Xinyang, wangcwatshwa entabeni yakubo, futhi intaba yaqala ukubizwa ngokuthi i-Huanggushan. Izinhlobo ziyahluka, ngokwesibonelo, ngenkathi yokuvuna itiye lenkantolo — i-guyu (谷雨) noma i-Qingming (清明). Incazelo ibhekisela ohlwini lozalo lomndeni wakwa-Zhu, kodwa umbhalo ngokwawo awutholakali emithonjeni etholakele.
Ukubaluleka kwamasiko: Ngokwephephandaba i-«Xinyang Ribao», ngo-2011 indinganiso yagqugquzela umdlalo womculo othi «Intwasahlobo Entabeni i-Huanggushan» (春满皇姑山), owaklonyeliswa ngomklomelo womncintiswano wetiyetha yesifundazwe.

3. Incazelo Yezitshalo kanye Nezinto Zokusetshenziswa

Uhlobo / I-cultivar: Ngokwezidingo zika-2025 — izinhlobo zendawo zase-Xinyang (信阳本地种). Incazelo ka-2014 ikhuluma ngohlobo lwendawo lwe-benshan (本山良种), olubizwa nangokuthi uhlobo lwase-Xinyang (信阳种). Incazelo: isihlahla esifushane esinabile, iqabunga elimaphakathi, elide-elliptic, eliluhlaza okotshani obumnyama; ihlumela likhulu, linoboya obuningi. Abantu babiza uhlobo ngokuthi «itiye le-willow» (柳叶茶, liǔyè chá).
Ukuvuna: Kusukela ekupheleni kukaMashi kuya maphakathi noMeyi.
Izinga lokuvuna: Kusukela ehlumeleni elilodwa kuya ehlumeleni elinamaqabunga amabili.

4. I-Terroir kanye Nezici Zokutshala

Isifunda: INyakatho ye-Dabieshan, umfula i-Huaihe.
Ukuphakama kokukhula: Izidingo zokuvikelwa zikhuluma ngendawo esezintabeni ekuphakameni kwamamitha angu-600. Iphephandaba i-«Xinyang Ribao» libiza ukuphakama kwentaba ngokwayo — amamitha angu-768, enye incazelo ikhuluma ngezingadi «ngaphezu kwamamitha angu-800». Ukungafani akuxazululekile.
Inhlabathi: Insundu ephuzi (黄棕壤), ene-asidi, i-pH 4.0–6.5, izinto eziphilayo ezingaphezu kwe-1.0%. Incazelo ka-2014 yengeza inhlabathi ensundu ngokuphuzi (黄褐土).
Isimo sezulu sesifunda (ngokwencazelo ka-2014): ukuguquka kusuka ezindaweni ezishisayo kuya endaweni epholile efudumele; izinga lokushisa lonyaka eliphakathi lingu-15.3 °C, isikhathi esingenasithwathwa siyizinsuku ezingama-228, ukukhanya kwelanga amahora angu-2150.6, imvula ingu-1073.5 mm ngonyaka.
Indawo nokukhiqizwa: Incazelo ka-2014 ikhombisa amahektha angama-400 omhlaba ofanele itiye namathani angama-240 etiye ngonyaka.

5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza

Izidingo zokuvikelwa zika-2025 zinquma izigaba eziyisishiyagalombili:

Ukuhlunga kweqabunga elisha (鲜叶分级, xiānyè fēnjí): UkuseFa ngokobumnene nobukhulu.
Ukubuna (摊放, tānfàng): Isendlalelo esingu-3 cm, amahora angu-6–8, ukuphendula njalo emahoreni amabili; ukwehla kwesisindo cishe ngo-12%.
Ukuqinisa (杀青, shāqīng): 110–120 °C, imizuzu engu-2.5–3 — kuze kuphele ukucwazimula nephunga lotshani; isiqu siyagoba kodwa singaphuli.
Ukusonga (揉捻, róuniǎn): Ngokomthetho othi «kancane — kakhulu — kancane», imizuzu engu-6–10; kusongwe ngaphezu kwe-95% yeqabunga.
Ukulungisa iqabunga (理条, lǐtiáo): 90–100 °C, imizuzu engu-5–6, kuze kube yiqhekeza letiye eliminyene neliqondile; umswakama cishe ngu-25%.
Ukomisa kokuqala (初烘, chūhōng): Isendlalelo esingu-1 cm, 110–120 °C, imizuzu engu-10–12, kuze kube umswakama ongu-10–15%.
Ukupholisa (摊晾, tānliàng): Amahora angu-4–6, kuze umswakama ulingane.
Ukomisa kwesibili (复烘, fùhōng): 80 °C, imizuzu engu-25–30, kuze kube umswakama ongu-5–6%; ngemva kokuphola itiye liyavalwa.

Incazelo ka-2014 yayinikeza uhlelo oluhlukile, olwenziwa ngesandla: imbiza «eluhlaza» (生锅) ku-140–160 °C, imbiza «evuthiwe» (熟锅) ku-80–100 °C ngokulungisa amaqhekeza etiye ngesandla kanye nokufudumeza kathathu kuze kube umswakama ongaphansi kwe-6%. Ukuthi yiluphi uhlelo olusetshenziswa kakhulu manje, imithombo ayikusho.

6. Izici Zokuhlola Ngezitho Zomzimba

Ngokwezidingo zokuvikelwa zika-2025:

Ukubukeka kweqabunga elomile: Iqhekeza letiye liminyene, lihle, liyindilinga futhi liqondile (条索紧秀圆直), ihlumela likhulu futhi ligcwele, umbala uluhlaza okotshani omnene.
Iphunga leqabunga elomile: Ayikho incazelo ehlukile emithonjeni etholakele.
Iphunga lomjeke: Iphunga le-orchid (兰花香气).
Ukunambitheka: Okusha nokuvuselelayo, nokubuya okumnandi (鲜爽回甘).
Umbala womjeke: «Umbala wehlumela le-willow» (柳芽黄), osobala futhi okhanyayo.
Izansi letiye (iqabunga eliphakiwe): Limnene futhi lilingene, ngaphandle kokudabuka nokungcola.

Izincazelo zibiza umjeke ngokuthi uluhlaza okotshani (汤色碧绿); okuthathwa njengesisekelo umbhalo wokuvikelwa.

7. Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali

Izindinganiso ziyefana encazelweni ka-2014 nasezidingweni zika-2025:

Isibonakaliso	Izinga
Ama-amino acid akhululekile	okungenani ngu-2%
Ama-polyphenol etiye	okungenani ngu-18%
I-vithamini C	okungenani ngu-130 mg/100 g
I-selenium	okungenani ngu-0.1 mg/kg

Iwebhusayithi eyireferensi inikeza izinombolo eziphakeme — ama-polyphenol kusuka ku-19.6%, i-selenium kusuka ku-0.129 mg/kg — ngaphandle komthombo.

8. Izakhiwo Eziwusizo

Ayikho imininingwane eqinisekisiwe ngomphumela waleli tiye ngokwalo. I-selenium etafuleni — izinga lokuqukethwe, hhayi isithembiso senzuzo.

9. Ukuphalaza

Umkhuba wesigaba setiye eliluhlaza. Amanzi angu-80–85 °C, amagremu angu-3 nge-150 ml, ingilazi yeglasi noma i-gaiwan emhlophe. Amanzi athelwe ngasodongeni, ukujova kokuqala — ngemva kwemizuzwana engu-40–60; phuza ushiya ingxenye yomjeke, bese uthelela futhi — ukuphinda kabili noma kathathu.

10. Ukugcina

Umkhuba wesigaba. Emaphaketheni avaliwe, esiqandisini ku-0–5 °C, ngaphandle kokukhanya, umswakama nephunga; kungcono ukuphuzwa phakathi nonyaka.

11. Intengo Namafake

Ayikho imininingwane ngezintengo emithonjeni etholakele.

Uzivikela kanjani emafakeni:
- Funani uphawu olukhethekile lwesibonakaliso sendawo: ilungelo lalo linikezwa umkhiqizi osendaweni yi-CNIPA ngokunconywa yisifunda nesifundazwe.
- Ungadidanisi uphawu nesibonakaliso: ngaphansi kophawu lwe-«Huanggushan» (皇姑山), ngokwamawebhusayithi ayireferensi, kuthengiswa ne-Xinyang Mao Jian.
- Iqabunga — liminyene, liyindilinga futhi liqondile, linehlumela elikhulu; umjeke — umbala wehlumela le-willow; iphunga — le-orchid.

12. Amaqiniso Athokozisayo

Indinganiso eyanikeza igama entabeni ngokwayo yaba yigugu elivikelwe: kusukela ngo-2010 isohlwini lwamagugu angaphatheki e-Xinyang.
Iphephandaba libeka intaba emngceleni wamadolobhana ase-Suokou, e-Changjianghe nase-Huangling (黄岭); emibhalweni yokuvikela esikhundleni sokugcina kukhona i-Huangtuling (黄土岭).
Ngokwephephandaba i-«Xinyang Ribao», ngo-2017 itiye lathola isitifiketi somkhiqizo we-organic.

13. Ukuqhathanisa Namatiye Angomakhelwane

I-Xinyang Mao Jian (信阳毛尖): Itiye elikhulu lesifunda; uhlelo lwesandla luka-2014 lwe-Huanggushan Cha — olwase-Xinyang, olunezimbiza «eziluhlaza» ne«zivuthiwe».
I-Yangtian Xue Lü (仰天雪绿): Itiye eliluhlaza lesifunda esifanayo sase-Gushi, kodwa eliyisicaba.
I-Gushi Yunwu (固始云雾): Uphawu lwesitifiketi sesifunda esifanayo; isigaba asibaliwe.
I-Liu An Gua Pian (六安瓜片): Itiye lase-Anhui, amasu alo, ngokwephephandaba, amukelwa ngumndeni womsunguli.

Ekuphetheni:

I-Gushi Huanggushan Cha — itiye eliluhlaza elincane lasentabeni elivela entabeni eyodwa emaphethelweni asenyakatho e-Dabieshan: amahektha angama-400 omhlaba ofanele, uhlobo lwendawo olunoboya, iqhekeza letiye eliyindilinga futhi eliqondile, umjeke onombala wehlumela le-willow nephunga le-orchid. Ngemuva kwalo kukhona uphawu lomndeni kusukela ngo-1908, indinganiso ngo-Qianlong kanye nokuvikelwa okubili — kuka-2014 no-2025.

Imithombo

Inkomba yendawo

CNIPA 地理标志产品认定 №625

Uhlu oluphelele — ekhasini elithi Imithombo