Bādōngjùn gòngchá

Badongjun Gongcha (Bādōngjùn gòngchá, 巴东郡贡茶) ndi “tchizi la chigawo cha Badong”: tiyi wobiriwira wokhala ndi nthunzi yokhazikika kuchokera ku chigawo cha Badong (巴东县) cha Enshi-Tujia-Miao Autonomous Prefecture kumadzulo kwa chigawo cha Hubei. Dzinali limanena za chigawo cha Tang cha Guizhou-Badongjun, chomwe, malinga ndi zolemba za chigawochi, chinkatumiza tiyi ku nyumba yachifumu. Ukadaulo, malinga ndi mbuye wa luso, yemwe ndi wosunga chikhalidwe cha boma cha Enshi Yu Lu, ndi pafupifupi wofanana ndi wa tiyi wodziwika wa pafupi, koma pa tsamba amasunga ubweya (毫, háo). Chigawochi chinapanga dzinali kukhala chizindikiro chofala mu 2017, ndipo kuyambira 2018 ndi chizindikiro cha geographical certification.

1. Gulu ndi Chiyambi

Mtundu: Tiyi wobiriwira (绿茶, lǜchá) wokhala ndi nthunzi yokhazikika (蒸青, zhēngqīng): chitsanzo cha golide cha 2021 lipoti limatcha “tiyi wobiriwira wapamwamba”, ndipo ukadaulo ndi pafupifupi wofanana ndi wa Enshi Yu Lu.
Gulu: Chizindikiro chofala cha chigawo; chizindikiro cha geographical certification (2018).
Chiyambi: China, chigawo cha Hubei (湖北, Húběi), Enshi-Tujia-Miao Autonomous Prefecture (恩施, Ēnshī), chigawo cha Badong (巴东, Bādōng).
Mwini chizindikiro: Station yofalitsa ukadaulo wa mbewu zachuma za chigawo cha Badong (巴东县经济作物技术推广站).
Dera la chizindikiro: Malinga ndi katalogu yosavomerezeka ya geographical indications, ndi gawo loyang’anira la chigawo cha Badong; mndandanda wa chigawo umatchula chigawochi ngati umwini wa mwini chizindikiro.
Madera akulu: Malinga ndi utsogoleri wa chigawo (2018), matauni a Xiqiuwan (溪丘湾), Jinguoping (金果坪), Yanduhe (沿渡河) ndi Dongrankou (东壤口), komanso mbali ina ya minda yatsopano.
Ma coordinates a geographical: Likulu la chigawo cha Badong lili pafupifupi 31,0° N ndi 110,3° E.

2. Mbiri ndi Tanthauzo la Chikhalidwe

Mbiri:
- Nthano. Bungwe la chigawo lophunzira chikhalidwe cha tiyi limafotokoza nthano: Shennong, poyesa udzu m’madera amasiku ano a Badong ndi Shennongjia, anapatsidwa poizoni, ndipo tsamba lomwe linagwera mumphika wa msuzi linasintha kukoma kwa madzi ndikuchotsa poizoni. Iyi ndi nthano, osati mbiri.
- Badong m’malemba. Lipoti la 2018 likugwira mawu ntchito ya wolemba mbiri wa tiyi “茶史初探”: mwa anthu a Ba ndi Shu, ndi a Ba omwe amalumikiza kumwa tiyi ndi nthano ya Shennong. Malinga ndi lipoti lomwelo, “Canon ya Tiyi” (茶经), “Bencao Gangmu” (本草纲目), “Tujing Bencao” (图经本草) ndi “Hubei Tongzhi” (湖北通志) amatchula Badong ngati malo omwe Shennong anapeza tiyi; izi sizinatsimikizidwe ndi magwero oyambirira.
- Tang. Malinga ndi lipoti lomwelo, mu nthawi ya Tang Badong anali m’chigawo cha Guizhou-Badongjun (归州巴东郡), limodzi mwa madera omwe amatumiza tiyi ku nyumba yachifumu; kuchokera apa “郡贡” mu dzina.
- 2017. Chigawochi chinasankha “巴东郡贡茶” kukhala chizindikiro chake chofala, chinapanga bungwe lophunzira chikhalidwe cha tiyi cha Shennong ndikuyitanitsa alangizi akatswiri a Tea Institute ya China Academy of Agricultural Sciences ndi mabungwe a zaulimi kuti “apange” (研制) tiyi uyu. M’chaka chomwecho Ministry of Agriculture inamuika mu katalogu ya zinthu zodziwika, zapadera, zatsopano ndi zabwino zaulimi (名特新优农产品目录).
- 2018. Pa 19 Meyi tiyi anawonetsedwa pa II China International Tea Exhibition ku Hangzhou. Mbuye yemwe anatsogolera kupanga, m’chaka chomwecho analowa m’ndandanda wachisanu wa osunga chikhalidwe cha boma.
- Chizindikiro. Malinga ndi mndandanda wa chigawo (zomwe zinalipo pa Meyi 2020), chizindikiro № 26323461 chinalembetsedwa mu kalasi 30, katundu ndi tiyi; nthawi ya ufulu wokha ndi kuyambira 21 Julayi 2018 mpaka 20 Julayi 2028.
- 2021. Pa 22 Meyi pa IV China International Tea Exhibition chitsanzo cha “羽叶集·恩施硒茶·巴东郡贡茶” cha kampani ya Badong “湖北省羽集茶业” chinalandira golide wa gawo la masika la mpikisano wa XI wa “中茶杯”; Hubei inali ndi golide awiri mu gulu la tiyi wobiriwira. Mu uthenga womwewo “巴东郡贡茶” akutchedwa chinthu chokhala ndi geographical indication ya Hubei.
Dzina: 巴东 ndi chigawo cha Badong; 郡 (jùn) ndi “chigawo”, malinga ndi chigawo cha Tang cha Badongjun; 贡茶 (gòngchá) ndi “tiyi woperekedwa”, tiyi wa nyumba yachifumu.
Tanthauzo la chikhalidwe: Mbuye amatcha Badongjun Gongcha ndi Enshi Yu Lu “tiyi alongo”, oimira chikhalidwe cha tiyi wochuluka wa selenium wa Enshi (恩施富硒茶).

3. Kufotokozera kwa Botanical ndi Zopangira

Mtundu / Cultivar: Kwa chizindikiro palibe deta. Malinga ndi uthenga wa 2021, boma linazindikira chigawochi ngati malo a boma obereketsa mitundu yabwino ya tiyi, koma mitundu yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pa tiyi uyu sinanenedwe.
Zopangira: Chitsanzo cha golide cha 2021, malinga ndi lipoti, chinapangidwa kuchokera ku tsamba la munda wachilengedwe pa phiri la Yangrushan (羊乳山), lomwe uthengawo umatcha malo a tiyi uyu kuyambira nthawi ya Sui ndi Tang, ndi mawu a lipotilo.
Muyezo ndi nthawi yotuta: Muyezo sunapezeke m’magwero. Amatuta osati kokha masika: kumapeto kwa Meyi 2018 m’mudzi wa Baiwan (白湾村) m’chigawo cha Xiqiuwan kunali kututa tiyi wa chilimwe ndi autumn.

4. Terroir ndi Zochitika za Kulima

Dera: Kumadzulo kwa Hubei, pa Yangtze: malinga ndi lipoti la 2018, Badong ndi chigawo choyamba cha Hubei pa njira ya mtsinje kuchokera kumadzulo, “khomo pakati pa Sichuan ndi Hubei, chipata cha kumadzulo kwa Hubei”.
Klima: Middle latitudes; mvula ndi 1100–1900 mm pachaka (lipoti la 2018).
Nthaka: Malinga ndi lipoti lomwelo, acidity ya nthaka ndi yapakati, ndipo chigawochi chili ndi dzina loti “nyumba yachilengedwe yosungira selenium padziko lonse”; magwero sapereka manambala a selenium.
Dera: Malinga ndi lipoti la 2018, minda ya tiyi ya chigawochi inali ndi 102,000 mu, ndipo pofika 2020 chigawochi chinali ndi cholinga cha 200,000 mu; ngati ndondomekoyi inakwaniritsidwa sikuwoneka m’magwero.
Kutalika: Palibe deta m’magwero.

5. Ukadaulo wa Kupanga

Malinga ndi mbuye, ukadaulo umachokera ku nthunzi yokhazikika ya nthawi ya Tang, ndi yovuta ndipo makamaka imafanana ndi ukadaulo wa Enshi Yu Lu:

Kuzizira (摊凉, tānliáng).
Nthunzi yokhazikika (蒸汽杀青, zhēngqì shāqīng).
Kuthamangitsa chinyezi ndi fani (扇干水汽, shàn gān shuǐqì).
Kuyanika koyamba (炒头毛火, chǎo tóu máohuǒ).
Kukama (揉捻, róuniǎn).
Kuyanika kachiwiri ndi kupota (铲二毛火, chǎn èr máohuǒ).
Kupanga mawonekedwe ndi kupukuta (整形上光, zhěngxíng shàngguāng).
Kuyanitsa komaliza (烘焙, hōngbèi).

Kusiyana kwakukulu ndi ubweya: tiyi wa Badong umausunga, pomwe kwa Enshi Yu Lu, malinga ndi mbuye, amagwiritsa ntchito njira zina, ndipo mawonekedwe ndi kukoma kwake ndi kosiyana. Chitsanzo cha golide cha 2021, malinga ndi lipoti, chinadutsa ntchito zoposa makumi awiri. Kutentha ndi nthawi sizikupezeka m’magwero.

6. Makhalidwe a Organoleptic

Palibe kufotokozera kwathunthu kwa chizindikiro; pansipa ndi zomwe zilipo, ndi gwero.

Maonekedwe a tsamba louma: Tsamba limasunga ubweya. Chitsanzo cha golide cha 2021 ndi zopota zolimba zopyapyala ngati singano (条索紧细似针形).
Fungo la tsamba louma: Palibe deta m’magwero.
Fungo la madzi: Kwa chitsanzo cha 2021 ndi “fungo loyera” (清香); ngati mawuwa akukhudza tsamba louma kapena madzi, sizinatchulidwe.
Kukoma: Katalogu yosavomerezeka ya geographical indications: yofewa ndi yodzaza, yatsopano ndi yamphamvu, yokhala ndi kubwerera kokoma (滋味醇厚鲜爽而回甘). Lipoti la 2021 lonena za chitsanzo cha golide ndi chokoma.
Mtundu wa madzi: Palibe deta m’magwero.
Pansi pa tiyi (tsamba lophikidwa): Palibe deta m’magwero.

7. Kapangidwe ka Mankhwala

Palibe deta ya physicochemical m’magwero. Katalogu yosavomerezeka imanena kuti tiyiyu ali ndi ma polyphenols ambiri a tiyi ndi ma catechins, koma sapereka manambala; za selenium pali mawu okhaokha a chigawo, opanda miyeso.

8. Kukonza

Mchitidwe wa kalasi ya tiyi wobiriwira.

Kutentha kwa madzi: 80–85 °C.
Kuchuluka kwa tiyi: 3 g pa 150 ml.
Ziwiya: Kapu yagalasi m’mene ma singano a tsamba amawonekera kapena gaiwan yoyera.
Njira:
1. Tenthetsa ziwiya.
2. Ikani tiyi ndikutsanulira madzi m’mphepete.
3. Kudzaza koyamba pakadutsa masekondi 40–60.
4. Imwani, kusiya mbali ina ya madzi.
5. Onjezerani madzi; kudzaza kuwiri kapena katatu.

9. Kusunga

Mchitidwe wa kalasi. Mu phukusi lotsekedwa bwino, mufiriji pa 0–5 °C, popanda kuwala, chinyezi ndi fungo; ndi bwino kumwa mkati mwa chaka.

10. Mtengo ndi Zonamizira

Palibe deta za mitengo m’magwero.

Momwe mungapewere zonamizira:
- Fufuzani chizindikiro cha certification “巴东郡贡茶” (№ 26323461, nthawi ndi mpaka 20 Julayi 2028).
- Onetsetsani kuti wopanga ndi wochokera ku chigawo cha Badong.
- Yang’anani tsamba: ubweya pa tsamba umasungidwa, malinga ndi mbuye, ichi ndi kusiyana kwakukulu ndi Enshi Yu Lu.
- Kumbukirani kuti monga chizindikiro cha chigawo dzinali lilipo kuyambira 2017; “kale koperekedwa” m’dzinali ndikunena za chigawo cha Tang ndi nthano.

11. Mfundo Zosangalatsa

Mwini chizindikiro si bungwe la opanga, koma station ya zaulimi ya chigawo.
Ukadaulo wa chizindikiro chatsopano cha 2017 umafotokozedwa ngati pafupifupi wofanana ndi wa Enshi Yu Lu, kusiyana kumakhala pa njira imodzi yokha ndi ubweya.
Pa mpikisano wa 2021 dzinali linawonekera mkati mwa chizindikiro chachitatu: chizindikiro cha kampani, chizindikiro cha prefecture “恩施硒茶” ndi chizindikiro cha chigawo.

12. Kufanizira ndi Tiyi Ena

Enshi Yu Lu (恩施玉露): Tiyi wobiriwira wa singano wokhala ndi nthunzi yokhazikika, “mlongo” wa Badong pa ukadaulo; ndi ubweya, malinga ndi mbuye, amachita mosiyana.
Enshi Xicha (恩施硒茶): Chizindikiro cha prefecture, chomwe chitsanzo cha golide cha 2021 chinawonekera pansi pake.
Wujiatai Gong Cha (伍家台贡茶): Tiyi wobiriwira “woperekedwa” wa chigawo cha Xuan’en cha prefecture yomweyo.
Quxiang Simian Cha (屈乡丝绵茶): Tiyi wobiriwira wa chigawo choyandikana cha Zigui kumunsi kwa Yangtze.

Pomaliza:

Badongjun Gongcha ndi chizindikiro chatsopano cha chigawo chokhala ndi dzina lakale: chigawo cha Tang ndi nthano ya Shennong zinapatsa dzina, ndipo ukadaulo pafupifupi ukufanana ndi wa Enshi Yu Lu nthunzi yokhazikika, koma ndi ubweya wosungidwa. Chizindikiro chinalembetsedwa mu 2018, golide wa “中茶杯” unapezeka mu 2021. Mitundu, kutalika ndi kufotokozera kwathunthu kwa mawonekedwe sizinaperekedwe ndi magwero omwe apezeka.

Magwero

Chizindikiro cha malo

湖北省知识产权局地理标志证明/集体商标名录 №26323461

Mndandanda wonse — patsamba la Magwero