Bādōngjùn gòngchá

Badunjun Gongcha (Bādōngjùn gòngchá, 巴东郡贡茶) — «itiye elanikelwa isifunda sase-Badong»: itiye eliluhlaza eline-steam fixation elivela esifundeni sase-Badong (巴东县) esifundazweni esizimele sase-Enshi-Tujia-Miao entshonalanga yesifundazwe sase-Hubei. Igama libhekisela esifundeni saseTang sase-Guizhou-Badongjun, okwathi ngokwemibhalo yesifunda, lalihambisa itiye enkantolo. Ubuchwepheshe, ngokwamazwi engcweti — umgcini kahulumeni wesiko le-Enshi Yu Lu, bucishe bufane nobwetiye elidumile elingumakhelwane, kodwa eqabungeni kugcinwa uboya (毫, háo). Isifunda senze igama laba umkhiqizo ovamile ngo-2017, kusukela ngo-2018 igama — wuphawu lwesitifiketi sezwe (geographical certification mark).

1. Ukuhlukaniswa kanye Nemvelaphi

Uhlobo: Itiye eliluhlaza (绿茶, lǜchá) eline-steam fixation (蒸青, zhēngqīng): isampula legolide lango-2021 umbiko ulibiza ngo-«itiye eliluhlaza lezinga eliphezulu», futhi ubuchwepheshe bucishe bufane nobase-Enshi Yu Lu.
Isigaba: Umkhiqizo womphakathi wesifunda; uphawu lwesitifiketi sezwe (2018).
Imvelaphi: I-China, isifundazwe sase-Hubei (湖北, Húběi), isifunda esizimele sase-Enshi-Tujia-Miao (恩施, Ēnshī), isifunda sase-Badong (巴东, Bādōng).
Umnikazi wophawu: Isiteshi sokusabalalisa ubuchwepheshe bezitshalo zobuchwepheshe zesifunda sase-Badong (巴东县经济作物技术推广站).
Indawo yophawu: Ngokohlu olungekho emthethweni lwezinkomba zezwe — indawo yokuphatha yesifunda sase-Badong; uhlu lwesifundazwe lukhomba isifunda njengendawo yomnikazi.
Izindawo eziyinhloko: Ngokwamazwi abaholi besifunda (2018), amalokishi ase-Xiqiuwan (溪丘湾), e-Jinguoping (金果坪), e-Yanduhe (沿渡河) nase-Dongrangkou (东壤口), kanye nengxenye yezingadi ezintsha.
Izixhumanisi zezwe: Isikhungo sesifunda sase-Badong — cishe u-31,0° enyakatho no-110,3° empumalanga.

2. Umlando Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko

Umlando:
- Inganekwane. Inhlangano yesifunda yokufunda isiko letiye ilandisa inganekwane: uShennong, ehlola imifino ezindaweni zaseBadong naseShennongjia zanamuhla, wadliswa ushevu, futhi iqabunga elawela ebhodweni lomhluzo lashintsha ukunambitheka kwamanzi futhi lasusa ushevu. Lokhu kuyinganekwane, hhayi umlando.
- I-Badong emibhalweni. Umbiko wango-2018 ucaphuna umsebenzi wesazi-mlando setiye «茶史初探»: ezizweni zama-ba nama-shu, ngama-ba ayehlotshaniswa nokuphuza itiye nenganekwane kaShennong. Ngokwalowo mbiko, «I-Cha Jing» (茶经), «Bencao Gangmu» (本草纲目), «Tujing Bencao» (图经本草) kanye no-«Hubei Tongzhi» (湖北通志) babiza i-Badong njengendawo lapho uShennong athola khona itiye; lokhu akukaqinisekiswa ngemithombo yokuqala.
- I-Tang. Ngokwalowo mbiko, ngesikhathi se-Tang i-Badong yayiyingxenye ye-Guizhou-Badongjun (归州巴东郡), enye yezindawo ezazihambisa itiye enkantolo; kusuka lapha igama elithi «郡贡» egameni.
- 2017. Isifunda sakhetha u-«巴东郡贡茶» njengomkhiqizo waso womphakathi, sakha inhlangano yokufunda isiko letiye likaShennong futhi samema abeluleki abangochwepheshe be-China Tea Research Institute ye-Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences kanye nezinhlaka zezolimo — «ukuthuthukisa» (研制) leli tiye. Ngawo lowo nyaka uMnyango Wezolimo wawufaka ohlwini lwemikhiqizo yezolimo eyaziwayo, ekhethekile, emisha nekhwalithi (名特新优农产品目录).
- 2018. Ngomhla ka-19 Meyi itiye laboniswa embukisweni we-II China International Tea Exhibition e-Hangzhou. Ingcweti eyayiqondisa ukuthuthukiswa, ngawo lowo nyaka yangena ohlwini lwesihlanu lwabagcini bakahulumeni bamagugu angaphatheki.
- Uphawu. Ngokohlu lwesifundazwe (idatha kaMeyi 2020), uphawu № 26323461 lubhaliswe ekilasini 30, umkhiqizo — itiye; isikhathi selungelo elikhethekile — kusukela ngomhla ka-21 Julayi 2018 kuya ku-20 Julayi 2028.
- 2021. Ngomhla ka-22 Meyi embukisweni we-IV China International Tea Exhibition isampula elithi «羽叶集·恩施硒茶·巴东郡贡茶» lenkampani yase-Badong i-«湖北省羽集茶业» lathola igolide lesigaba sentwasahlobo somncintiswano we-XI we-«中茶杯»; isifundazwe sase-Hubei sasinamagolide amabili esigabeni setiye eliluhlaza. Kulo mbiko ofanayo u-«巴东郡贡茶» ubizwa ngomkhiqizo onesitifiketi sezwe sase-Hubei.
Igama: 巴东 — isifunda sase-Badong; 郡 (jùn) — «isifunda», ngokwe-Badongjun yaseTang; 贡茶 (gòngchá) — «itiye elanikelwa», itiye lenkantolo.
Ukubaluleka kwamasiko: Ingcweti ibiza i-Badongjun Gongcha ne-Enshi Yu Lu ngokuthi «amatiye angodade», izibonelo ezijwayelekile zetiye lase-Enshi elicebile nge-selenium (恩施富硒茶).

3. Incazelo Yezitshalo kanye Nezinto Ezingavuthiwe

Uhlobo / Cultivar: Ngophawu akukho datha. Ngokombiko wango-2021, umnyango waqaphela isifunda njengesizinda sikahulumeni sesifunda sokuzalanisa izinhlobo ezithuthukisiwe zetiye, kodwa ukuthi yiziphi izinhlobo ezisetshenziselwa leli tiye akushiwongo.
Izinto ezingavuthiwe: Isampula legolide lango-2021, ngokombiko, lenziwe ngeqabunga lengadi ye-ecological entabeni i-Yangrushan (羊乳山), umbiko owubiza ngokuthi isizinda saleli tiye kusukela ngezikhathi zeSui neTang — lawa ngamazwi ombiko.
Izinga nesikhathi sokuvuna: Izinga alitholakali emithonjeni etholakele. Kuvunwa hhayi entwasahlobo kuphela: ekupheleni kukaMeyi 2018 edolobhaneni lase-Baiwan (白湾村) endaweni yase-Xiqiuwan kwakuqoqwa itiye lasehlobo-ekwindla.

4. I-Terroir kanye Nezici Zokutshala

Isifunda: Intshonalanga ye-Hubei, eMfuleni i-Yangtze: ngokombiko wango-2018, i-Badong iyisifunda sokuqala sase-Hubei endleleni yomfula usuka entshonalanga, «umphimbo phakathi kweSichuan neHubei, amasango entshonalanga ye-Hubei».
Isimo sezulu: Izindawo eziphakathi nendawo; imvula — 1100–1900 mm ngonyaka (umbiko wango-2018).
Inhlabathi: Ngokwa lowo mbiko, i-acidity yenhlabathi ilinganiselwe, futhi isifunda sinesidlaliso esithi «isitoreji semvelo somhlaba se-selenium»; izinombolo ze-selenium imithombo ayizinikezi.
Indawo: Ngokombiko wango-2018, izisekelo zetiye zesifunda zazihlanganisa izinkulungwane eziyi-102 ze-mu, futhi ngo-2020 isifunda sasihlose izinkulungwane ezingama-200 ze-mu; ukuthi luhlelo lwafezwa yini, emithonjeni etholakele akubonakali.
Ukuphakama: Akukho datha emithonjeni etholakele.

5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza

Ngokwamazwi engcweti, ubuchwepheshe buqhamuka ku-steam fixation yaseTang, bunzima futhi ikakhulukazi bufana nobuchwepheshe be-Enshi Yu Lu:

Ukupholisa (摊凉, tānliáng).
I-steam fixation (蒸汽杀青, zhēngqì shāqīng).
Ukususa umswakama ngefeni (扇干水汽, shàn gān shuǐqì).
Ukomisa kokuqala (炒头毛火, chǎo tóu máohuǒ).
Ukusonga (揉捻, róuniǎn).
Ukomisa kwesibili ngokuphendula (铲二毛火, chǎn èr máohuǒ).
Ukubumba nokupholisha (整形上光, zhěngxíng shàngguāng).
Ukomisa kokugcina (烘焙, hōngbèi).

Umehluko omkhulu — uboya: itiye lase-Badong liyabugcina, kanti ku-Enshi Yu Lu, ngokwamazwi engcweti, kusetshenziswa amasu ahlukile, futhi ukubukeka nokunambitheka kwabo kwehlukile. Isampula legolide lango-2021, ngokombiko, ladlula emisebenzini engaphezu kwamashumi amabili. Amazinga okushisa nezikhathi emithonjeni etholakele awekho.

6. Izici Ze-Organoleptic

Incazelo ejwayelekile ngophawu ayikho; ngezansi — lokho okukhona, kukhonjwe umthombo.

Ukubukeka kweqabunga elomile: Iqabunga ligcina uboya. Isampula legolide lango-2021 — ukusontwa okuqinile okuncane okufana nenaliti (条索紧细似针形).
Iphunga leqabunga elomile: Akukho datha emithonjeni etholakele.
Iphunga lomhluzo: Ngesampula lango-2021 — «iphunga elihlanzekile» (清香); ukuthi la mazwi abhekise eqabungeni elomile noma emhluzweni akucacisiwe.
Ukunambitheka: Uhlu olungekho emthethweni lwezinkomba zezwe: luthambile futhi lugcwele, luhlaza futhi luvuselelayo, nobumnandi obubuyayo (滋味醇厚鲜爽而回甘). Umbiko wango-2021 ngesampula legolide — mnandi.
Umbala womhluzo: Akukho datha emithonjeni etholakele.
Izinkomishi zetiye (iqabunga eliphisiwe): Akukho datha emithonjeni etholakele.

7. Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali

Idatha ye-physicochemical emithonjeni etholakele ayikho. Uhlu olungekho emthethweni luthi etiyeni kune-polyphenols yetiye nama-catechin amaningi, kodwa alinikezi izinombolo; nge-selenium — kukhona iziqubulo zesifunda kuphela, ngaphandle kwezilinganiso.

8. Ukuphisa

Umkhuba wesigaba setiye eliluhlaza.

Izinga lokushisa lamanzi: 80–85 °C.
Inani letiye: 3 g ku-150 ml.
Izitsha: Ingilazi ekhanyayo — kuyo kubonakala izinaliti zamaqabunga — noma i-gaiwan emhlophe.
Inqubo:
1. Fudumeza izitsha.
2. Faka itiye bese uthela amanzi ngasodongeni.
3. Umhluzo wokuqala — ngemva kwemizuzwana engama-40–60.
4. Phuza, ushiya ingxenye yomhluzo.
5. Thela amanzi futhi; ukuthela kabili noma kathathu.

9. Ukugcina

Umkhuba wesigaba. Ephasakeni elivalekile, esiqandisini ku-0–5 °C, ngaphandle kokukhanya, umswakama namaphunga; kungcono ukuphuza phakathi nonyaka.

10. Intengo Kanye Nemikhiqizo Yomgunyathi

Akukho datha ngezintengo emithonjeni etholakele.

Indlela yokugwema imikhiqizo yomgunyathi:
- Funa uphawu lwesitifiketi u-«巴东郡贡茶» (№ 26323461, isikhathi — kuze kube ngumhla ka-20 Julayi 2028).
- Hlola ukuthi umkhiqizi ungowesifunda sase-Badong.
- Bheka iqabunga: uboya kulo buyagcinwa — ngokwamazwi engcweti, lokhu kungumehluko omkhulu ku-Enshi Yu Lu.
- Khumbula ukuthi njengomkhiqizo wesifunda igama likhona kusukela ngo-2017; «ubudala obunikelwe» kulo — kubhekisela esifundeni saseTang nasenganekwaneni.

11. Amaqiniso Athakazelisayo

Umnikazi wophawu — akusiyona inhlangano yabakhiqizi, kodwa isiteshi sesifunda sobuchwepheshe bezolimo.
Ubuchwepheshe bomkhiqizo omusha wango-2017 buchazwa njengobucishe bufane nobase-Enshi Yu Lu, — umehluko ugcinwe ngesu elilodwa loboya.
Emncintiswaneni wango-2021 igama lavela ngaphakathi kwesigaba esiphindwe kathathu: uphawu lwenkampani, isambulela sesifunda esithi «恩施硒茶» kanye nophawu lwesifunda.

12. Ukuqhathaniswa Namanye Amatiye

I-Enshi Yu Lu (恩施玉露): Itiye eliluhlaza elimise okwenaliti eline-steam fixation, «udadewabo» wetiye lase-Badong ngobuchwepheshe; ngoboya, ngokwamazwi engcweti, kuwo kuphathwa ngendlela ehlukile.
I-Enshi Xicha (恩施硒茶): Uphawu lwesambulela sesifunda, igama legolide lika-2021 elavela ngaphansi kwalo.
I-Wujiatai Gong Cha (伍家台贡茶): Itiye eliluhlaza «elanikelwa» lesifunda sase-Xuan’en sesifunda esifanayo.
I-Quxiang Simian Cha (屈乡丝绵茶): Itiye eliluhlaza lesifunda esingumakhelwane i-Zigui ezansi nomfula i-Yangtze.

Ekuphetheni:

I-Badongjun Gongcha — umkhiqizo omusha wesifunda onegama elidala: isifunda saseTang nenganekwane kaShennong zinikeze igama, futhi ubuchwepheshe bucishe bufane nobase-Enshi Yu Lu — i-steam fixation, kodwa ngoboya obugciniwe. Uphawu lwabhaliswa ngo-2018, igolide le-«中茶杯» latholwa ngo-2021. Izinhlobo, ukuphakama kanye nencazelo ephelele yokubukeka imithombo etholakele ayikanikezi.

Imithombo

Inkomba yendawo

湖北省知识产权局地理标志证明/集体商标名录 №26323461

Uhlu oluphelele — ekhasini elithi Imithombo