Xiāndū sǔnfēng chá

I-Xiāndū sǔnfēng chá (Xiāndū sǔnfēng chá, 仙都笋峰茶) — «itiye lesiqongo soshani laseXiāndū», itiye eliluhlaza eliyisicaba lasesifundeni saseJīnyún (缙云县) ngaphansi kukamasipala wedolobha laseLìshuǐ esifundazweni saseZhèjiāng. Igama lithathwe endaweni ebukekayo yaseXiāndū (仙都) nensika yayo yamadwala «ihlumela letshe likashani» (仙都石笋), okuthiwa iqabunga lifana nayo. Uphawu lwesimanje, ngokwezincwadi zamatemu etiye, lwasungulwa ngo-1984. Ngo-2010 itiye laba itiye elisemthethweni lepaviyoni yaseBelgium ne-European Union embukisweni womhlaba eShanghai. Igama livikelwa njengophawu lwesatifiketi sendawo.

1. Ukuhlukaniswa kanye nemvelaphi

Uhlobo: Itiye eliluhlaza (绿茶, lǜchá). Izincwadi zamatemu etiye zilibeka etiyeni eliluhlaza elomiswa ngendlela exubile — ingxenye yokugazinga nengxenye yokomisa (半烘炒, bàn hōng chǎo).
Isigaba: Itiye eliluhlaza eliyisicaba laseZhèjiāng; uphawu lwesatifiketi sendawo.
Imvelaphi: I-China, isifundazwe saseZhèjiāng (浙江, Zhèjiāng), umasipala wedolobha laseLìshuǐ (丽水, Lìshuǐ), isifunda saseJīnyún (缙云, Jìnyún), izintaba ezizungeze indawo ebukekayo yaseXiāndū.
Ukuvikelwa: Uphawu lwesatifiketi sendawo. Ohlwini lwerejista olusekelwe kulo umhleli, uphawu lubhalwe ngenombolo 9178091; idokhumenti yerejista ngokwayo ayikwazanga ukuvulwa, ngakho usuku lokubhaliswa, umnikazi wophawu kanye nemingcele yendawo yokukhiqiza akushiwongo lapha.
Izixhumanisi zendawo: Isifunda saseJīnyún — cishe 28,7° enyakatho kanye no-120,1° empumalanga.

2. Umlando nokubaluleka kwamasiko

Umlando:
- Itiye lesifunda ngaphambi kophawu. Ingosi yemikhiqizo yendawo icaphuna imigqa yezinkondlo yase-Song mayelana netiye elitshalwe phakathi koshani, kanye nombhalo weqoqo le-Ming elithi «括苍汇记» wesikhathi sika-Wànlì (万历): «缙云物产多茶» — «emikhiqizweni yaseJīnyún kunetiye eliningi» — kanye no-«缙云贡茶三斤», ama-jin amathathu etiye lethulo avela esifundeni. Ngale mibhalo ingosi ithatha umlando wetiye laseXiāndū weminyaka engaphezu kwenkulungwane. Lena imibhalo emayelana netiye lesifunda, hhayi uphawu olunegama lamanje.
- 1984. Ngokwezincwadi zamatemu etiye, uphawu lwasungulwa ngo-1984.
- 2008. Ngokombiko womnyango wezamahlathi waseZhèjiāng (ngoJuni 2010), isifunda saseJīnyún saqala ukubambisana ne-Tea Research Institute ye-Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; kwakhiwa amazinga amathathu — imvelo yendawo, ukutshalwa kwezithombo kanye nobuchule bezolimo, kanye nobuchule bokucubungula.
- Ukuhlanganiswa kwamagama. Kuleyo mibiko kushiwo ukuthi amagama etiye angaphezu kweshumi esifundeni ahlanganiswa ngaphansi kwegama elilodwa elithi «仙都笋峰».
- 19 Ephreli 2010. Itiye langena epaviyoni yaseBelgium ne-European Union embukisweni womhlaba eShanghai njengetiye elisemthethweni lepaviyoni; kwathunyelwa amakhilogremu angu-80 embukisweni. Umnyango ulibiza ngokuthi uphawu lokuqala lwetiye laseZhèjiāng ukuthola igama elisemthethweni embukisweni.
Igama: «Xiāndū» (仙都) — «indawo yokuhlala kwabangafi», igama lendawo ebukekayo; «sǔnfēng» (笋峰) — «isiqongo-ihlumela», ngokwensika yamadwala, okuyiwa bizwa ngokuthi «ihlumela lokuqala elingaphansi kwezulu» (天下第一笋). Ngokwenganekwane exoxwa yingosi yemikhiqizo yendawo, igama elithi «Xiāndū» lanikezwa indawo yinkosi yaseTang u-Xuánzōng (唐玄宗) ngonyaka wesikhombisa wenkathi ka-Tiānbǎo (天宝).
Ukubaluleka kwamasiko: Leyo ngosi iphinde ixoxe inganekwane yokuthi esiqongweni sensika yamadwala u-Emperor ophuzi (黄帝) wayepheka umuthi wokuphila futhi, esewuphekile, wenyukela kudrako obomvu. Ngale nganekwane kanye nohlu lwezimbongi ezake zavakashela lapha, izincazelo zandulela indaba yetiye.

3. Incazelo yezitshalo kanye nezinto zokusetshenziswa

Izinhlobo / Ama-cultivar: Uhlobo oluthile lwesihlahla alushiwongo emithonjeni etholakele. Incwadi edumile ethi «中国茶轻图典» ibiza «izinhlobo ezinhle zesihlahla setiye» njengenye yezimo ezintathu zekhwalithi — kanye nemvelo kanye nobungcweti bokugazinga — kodwa ayicacisi ukuthi yiziphi.
Izinto zokusetshenziswa: Izidingo zezinto zokusetshenziswa (iqabunga elilodwa noma amabili aneqabunga elincane) azikho emithonjeni etholakele.
Isikhathi sokuvuna: Ayikho imininingwane emithonjeni etholakele.

4. I-terroir kanye nezici zokutshala

Isifunda: Izintaba ezizungeze i-Xiāndū — indawo ebukekayo eningizimu emaphakathi nesifundazwe saseZhèjiāng; ingosi yezokuvakasha iyibiza ngokuthi indawo yezinga le-4A, incwadi edumile — indawo ebukekayo kahulumeni. Izincazelo zikhuluma ngesiyingi sezintaba, inkungu, ihlathi eliminyene kanye nesimo sezulu esithambile.
Ukuphakama kokutshala: Incwadi edumile ithi zonke izingadi zingaphezu kwamamitha angu-500 futhi unyaka wonke zimbozwe amafu. Umbiko womnyango wezamahlathi wango-2010 ubiza kokubili «izintaba ezingaphezu kwamamitha angu-500» kanye «nezintaba ezijulile ezingaphezu kwamamitha angu-600».
Ububanzi: Ayikho imininingwane emithonjeni etholakele.
Isici sokutshala: Ngokombiko womnyango (2010), ezindaweni zetiye kunomthetho wokuvimbela ukungena kwezimoto, ukuze kungangeni intuthu yokukhipha ezingadini.
Inhlabathi: Ayikho imininingwane emithonjeni etholakele.

5. Ubuchule bokukhiqiza

Izincwadi zamatemu etiye zinikeza uhlelo olufushane lwaleli tiye:

Ukuqinisa (杀青, shāqīng).
Ukulungisa nokubumba (理条整形, lǐtiáo zhěngxíng): Iqabunga lidonswa libe yimichilo eqondile futhi linikezwe isimo esiyisicaba.
Ukuqeda ukomisa ngokugazinga (炒干, chǎogān).

Amazinga okushisa, ubude bezinyathelo kanye nezidingo zezinto zokusetshenziswa akukho emithonjeni etholakele; umbhalo wemithethonqubo yezobuchule yendawo awuzange utholakale.

Ngo-2010, ngokombiko womnyango, isifunda saqala umugqa ozenzakalelayo: kusukela ngomhla ka-26 Ephreli kwaba nomsebenzi wokuhlola, umugqa wawukhiqiza ama-jin angu-250 etiye elomile emahoreni ayisishiyagalombili uma kuqhathaniswa nama-jin angu-6–8 ngokugazinga ngesandla.

6. Izici ze-organoleptic

Isimo seqabunga elomile: Liyisicaba, liqondile futhi libushelelezi (外形扁平、挺直光滑), linombala oluhlaza othambile futhi licwebezela (色泽嫩绿光润). Izincwadi zamatemu etiye zichaza iqabunga ngendlela ehluke kancane: liqondile, licishe libe yisicaba, linamaphuzu aqondile amaqabunga amancane. Ukuthi iyiphi incazelo eseduze nezinga, imithombo ayichazi.
Iphunga leqabunga elomile: Ayikho incazelo ehlukile emithonjeni etholakele.
Iphunga lomuthi wetiye: Liminyene futhi lihlala isikhathi eside (香气浓郁持久). Incwadi edumile yengeza inothi elincane le-orchid (兰花的幽香); izincwadi zamatemu etiye zikhuluma ngephunga elihlala isikhathi eside leqabunga elincane (嫩香持久).
Ukunambitheka: Kumnandi futhi kuthambile (鲜醇); incwadi edumile — «kumnandi, kuthambile futhi kugcwele, nokusha okuhlala isikhathi eside».
Umbala womuthi wetiye: Kucacile futhi kukhanya (清澈明亮); ngokwencwadi edumile — kuluhlaza okotshani othambile.
Isisekelo setiye (iqabunga eselitshaliwe): Azikho izincazelo emithonjeni etholakele.

Izincazelo zifinyeza ubuhle baleli tiye ngamagama amane: 色绿、形美、香高、味鲜 — umbala oluhlaza, isimo esihle, iphunga eliphakeme, ukunambitheka okusha. Incwadi edumile iphinde ibize ukuthi iyakwazi ukumelana nokuphindwa kokuthelwa (耐泡).

7. Ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali

Ayikho imininingwane ye-physico-chemical emithonjeni etholakele. Ngokombiko womnyango (2010), ngenxa yombukiso, itiye lahlolwa ngohlu lwe-European Union lwezibulala-zinambuzane ezingama-227; umphumela wachazwa umnyango ngokuthi «cishe akukho zinsalela».

8. Ukuphisa

Inkambiso yesigaba setiye eliluhlaza.

Izinga lokushisa lamanzi: 80 °C — ngakho futhi kweluleka incwadi edumile ethi «中国茶轻图典».
Inani letiye: amagremu angu-3 ku-150 ml.
Isitsha: Ingilazi yeglasi — kuyo kubonakala isimo esiyisicaba neliqondile seqabunga.
Inqubo:
1. Fudumeza ingilazi.
2. Beka itiye bese uthela amanzi ngasodongeni cishe ezingxenyeni eziyisikhombisa kweziyishumi zobude.
3. Ukuthelwa kokuqala — cishe ngemva komzuzu owodwa, njengoba kweluleka incwadi edumile.
4. Phuza, ushiya ingxenye yomuthi wetiye.
5. Thela amanzi futhi.
6. Ukuphindwa kabili noma kathathu kokuthelwa.

9. Ukugcinwa

Inkambiso yesigaba. Ekupakisheni okuvaliwe, esiqandisini ku-0–5 °C, ngaphandle kokukhanya, umswakama kanye namaphunga. Kungcono ukuphuza phakathi nonyaka.

10. Intengo nokukhwabanisa

Ngokombiko womnyango, kumakhilogremu angu-80 athunyelwe embukisweni wango-2010, angu-50 ayesiphiwa izivakashi zepaviyoni, kanti angu-30 ayedayiselwa ngo-220 yuan nge-50 g. Ayikho imininingwane emisha ngentengo emithonjeni etholakele. Izimakethe eziyinhloko zokuthengisa, ngokwezincwadi zamatemu etiye, yi-Sūzhōu, i-Shànghǎi kanye ne-Hángzhōu.

Amazinga: Izincwadi zamatemu etiye zihlukanisa amazinga amathathu: eliphezulu (特级), elokuqala (一级) kanye nelesibili (二级).
Ugwema kanjani ukukhwabanisa:
- Bheka uphawu lokukhomba indawo kanye nokubalulwa okuqondile kwesifunda saseJīnyún.
- Iqabunga — liyisicaba, liqondile, libushelelezi, linombala oluhlaza othambile futhi licwebezela; umuthi wetiye — ucacile futhi ukhanya.
- Khumbula ukuthi izincazelo zemakethe zingase zinganembi: enye ingosi yemikhiqizo yendawo ibeka itiye e-Húzhōu, kuyilapho yonke eminye imithombo ilihlobanisa ne-Jīnyún esifundeni sase-Lìshuǐ.
- Azikho izindlela ezishicilelwe zokuqinisekisa ubuqiniso emithonjeni etholakele.

11. Amaqiniso athakazelisayo

Incwadi edumile ithi itiye «laqokwa kaninginingi njengeletulo» (屡被钦定为贡茶); lokhu akuhambisani nosuku lokusungulwa kophawu ngo-1984, futhi ayikho imibhalo yaleso simo emithonjeni etholakele. Umbhalo we-Ming mayelana netiye lethulo ubhekisele esifundeni, hhayi ophawu.
Ngokombiko womnyango, umugqa ozenzakalelayo wango-2010 wawugazinga amahora amaningi itiye eliningi ngokuphindwe amashumi kunalokho okwakwenziwa yingcweti ngesandla.

12. Ukuqhathanisa namanye amatiye esifunda sase-Lìshuǐ

Jīnyún Huángchá (缙云黄茶): Itiye lesifunda esifanayo, kodwa kusuka kuhlobo olunamaqabunga aphuzi 中黄2号; kuyilapho i-Xiāndū sǔnfēng chá ingashiwongo uhlobo emithonjeni, futhi kugxilwe esimweni esiyisicaba.
Sōngyáng Yín Hóu (松阳银猴): Itiye eliluhlaza lesifunda sase-Sōngyáng sesifunda esifanayo, elinesimo esihlukile — «inkawu eyisiliva».
Huìmíngchá (惠明茶): Itiye eliluhlaza lasendulo lesifunda sase-Jǐngníng sesifunda esifanayo.
Xī Hú Lóngjǐng (西湖龙井): Itiye eliluhlaza eliyisicaba elidume kakhulu laseZhèjiāng — ukuze kuqhathaniswe isimo seqabunga.

Ekuphetheni:

I-Xiāndū sǔnfēng chá — uphawu olusha lwesifunda esidala setiye: lwasungulwa ngo-1984, ngo-2010 lwahlanganisa amagama endawo angaphezu kweshumi futhi langena epaviyoni ye-European Union embukisweni waseShanghai. Iqabunga eliyisicaba, eliqondile, eliluhlaza othambile futhi elicwebezelayo, iphunga eliminyene nelihlala isikhathi eside kanye nokunambitheka okusha nokuthambile kuchazwa ngokungaguquki. Uhlobo lwesihlahla, imingcele yobuchule kanye nombhalo wezinga lendawo awuzange utholakale emithonjeni evulekile.

Imithombo

Inkomba yendawo

CNIPA 地理标志证明商标 №9178091

Uhlu oluphelele — ekhasini elithi Imithombo