Qiāndǎo yínzhēn

Qiāndǎo Yínzhēn (Qiāndǎo yínzhēn, 千岛银珍) itiye eliluhlaza elimise okwenaliti lasesifundeni sasedolobheni i-Jiàndé (建德市) edolobheni i-Hángzhōu, esifundazweni i-Zhèjiāng. Igama lisho ukuthi “igugu lesiliva leziqhingi eziyinkulungwane”: i-Jiàndé iseduze nechibi i-Qiāndǎohú, “ichibi leziqhingi eziyinkulungwane”, okuyidamu emfuleni i-Xīn’ānjiāng. Itiye lenziwa ngeziqhumane ezingabodwana; iqabunga liqondile, njengenaliti, liluhlaza ngokuthambile, futhi ngemva kokufakwa emanzini iziqhumane zimi ziqonde ngenhla engilazini. Ngomhla zingama-24 kuZibandlela wezi-2010, i-Qiāndǎo Yínzhēn yaba umkhiqizo wokuqala wase-Hángzhōu onesimangaliso sezolimo sokukhomba indawo esivela kuMnyango Wezolimo, kamuva yangena ohlwini lweSivumelwano se-China ne-EU sokuvikelana kwezimpawu zokukhomba indawo, kwathi ngo-2025 yamukelwa yi-CNIPA njengomkhiqizo onesimangaliso sokukhomba indawo.

1. Ukuhlukaniswa kanye Nemvelaphi

• Uhlobo: Itiye eliluhlaza (绿茶, lǜchá), elimise okwenaliti (针形, zhēnxíng).
• Isigaba: Isimangaliso sezolimo sokukhomba indawo (2010), uhlu lweSivumelwano se-China ne-EU, isimangaliso sokukhomba indawo se-CNIPA (2025).
• Imvelaphi: I-China, isifundazwe i-Zhèjiāng (浙江, Zhèjiāng), idolobha i-Hángzhōu (杭州, Hángzhōu), isifunda sasedolobheni i-Jiàndé (建德, Jiàndé). Indawo ngokombhalo we-CNIPA wango-2025 “indawo ebanzi egudle umfula i-Xīn’ānjiāng” ngaphakathi kwe-Jiàndé: amadolobhana ayi-16, izigodi kanye nezindawo ezingaphansi kwedolobha (街道), imizana engama-84. Phakathi kwezishiwo kukhona amadolobhana i-Lǐjiā (李家镇), i-Shòuchāng (寿昌镇), i-Méichéng (梅城镇) kanye ne-Qiántán (乾潭镇). Umfakisicelo uhulumeni wesifunda sasedolobheni i-Jiàndé.
• Izixhumanisi zendawo: Ngokombhalo: 118°53′46″–119°45′51″ empumalanga no-29°12′20″–29°46′27″ enyakatho; idolobha i-Jiàndé cishe ku-29,5° enyakatho no-119,3° empumalanga.

2. Umlando kanye Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko

• Umlando:
  • “Isicha” sase-Jiàndé. Umkhiqizi uthola umsuka we-Qiāndǎo Yínzhēn kusukela etiyeni lakudala elibizwa ngokuthi 建德细茶, “itiye elicolekile” lase-Jiàndé.
  • Igama. Ngokomkhiqizi, itiye lathola igama elithi “Qiāndǎo Yínzhēn” ngo-1982, ukuze lisekele udumo lwechibi. Angikaze ngibone ubufakazi bombhalo balolu suku.
  • Imiklomelo. Ngokomkhiqizi kanye nezincwadi zezinkomba, umklomelo wegolide womncintiswano we-”中国名茶” womkhosi wamazwe ngamazwe wamasiko etiye wase-Shànghǎi (2009) kanye negolide lombukiso wezolimo wase-Zhèjiāng iminyaka emihlanu ilandelana, kusukela ngo-2010 kuya ku-2014.
  • 2010. Ngomhla zingama-24 kuZibandlela, ukubhaliswa kwesimangaliso sezolimo sokukhomba indawo seMnyango Wezolimo, okokuqala e-Hángzhōu (ngokwemininingwane yezinkomba, isimemezelo seMnyango Wezolimo esinguNombolo 1517). Umfakisicelo kwakuyinhlangano yobungcweti yetiye ethi “Qiāndǎo Yínzhēn” yedolobha i-Jiàndé.
  • Isivumelwano se-China ne-EU. Ngokwesisekelo sesimangaliso sezolimo seMnyango Wezolimo, igama langena ohlwini lwesivumelwano sokuvikelana; ngokwesigaba sethu sokubhalisa livikelwa e-EU njenge-PGI. Isimo samanje angikaze ngisihlole kabusha.
  • 2025. I-CNIPA ngesimemezelo esinguNombolo 625 (esishicilelwe ngomhla ziyi-14 kuMbasa 2025) yamukela i-Qiāndǎo Yínzhēn njengomkhiqizo onesimangaliso sokukhomba indawo, kanye nezidingo zendawo, izinhlobo, ukuvuna, ubuchwepheshe kanye nekhwalithi.
• Igama:
  • “Qiāndǎo” (千岛, qiāndǎo) lisho “iziqhingi eziyinkulungwane”, ngokwechibi i-Qiāndǎohú.
  • “Yínzhēn” (银珍, yínzhēn) lisho “igugu lesiliva”. Ngokomkhiqizi, ngeminyaka yawo-1960 kuya kweyawo-1970 osebeni lomfula i-Xīn’ānjiāng itiye lalibizwa ngokuthi “银针茶”, “inaliti yesiliva”; igama elisha lagcina umsindo, kodwa libhalwa ngendlela ehlukile. Akufanele lididaniswe ne-”Yínzhēn” yesigaba setiye elimhlophe noma eliphuzi.
• Ukubaluleka kwamasiko: Ngokomkhiqizi, ngo-2000 itiye langena “ematiyeni ayishumi adumile ase-Hángzhōu”, kwathi ngo-2008 langena “ezingcebweni eziyisikhombisa zase-Hángzhōu”; i-Jiàndé ibiza itiye njengendawo yokuqala e-China “yetiye lemvelo”.

3. Incazelo Yezitshalo Kanye Nezinto Ezingavuthiwe

• Uhlobo / I-cultivar: Ngokombhalo wango-2025: Jiūkēng (jiūkēng), Zhènóng 117 (Zhènóng 117) kanye nezinye izinhlobo zetiye eliluhlaza ezineziqhumane eziqinile kanye noboya obuncane noma obungekho (芽壮型、少茸毛或无茸毛).
• Ukuvuna: Ngokombhalo, kusukela maphakathi noMashi kuya ekuqaleni kukaMeyi.
• Izinga lokuvuna: Iziqhumane ezingabodwana (单芽), ezikhiwa ngesandla ngokudonsela phezulu (提手采摘).
• Ukungafani ezincazelweni: Izincazelo zezinkomba zibiza izinto ezingavuthiwe ngokuthi isiqhumane esineqabunga elilodwa noma amabili avele kancane, lapho kamuva kukhethwa khona iziqhumane, futhi ziletha izinombolo ezisukela “kwezingaphezu kuka-500 000” kuya “eziyizigidi ezimbalwa” zamahlumela ngekhilogremu yetiye elomile. Umbhalo ukhuluma kuphela ngeziqhumane ezingabodwana; izinombolo aziqinisekisiwe.
• Ukuphiliswa: Ngokombhalo, ukusabalalisa ngezinqumo kanye nokungabi ngaphansi kwamathani ayi-15 omquba ophilayo osewuphelile ngehekthare ngonyaka.

4. I-Terroir kanye Nezici Zokuphiliswa

• Isifunda: Intshonalanga yesifundazwe i-Zhèjiāng, isigodi somfula i-Xīn’ānjiāng eduze kwechibi i-Qiāndǎohú. Izincazelo zezinkomba zikhuluma “ngemifula emithathu nechibi elilodwa” (三江一湖): i-Xīn’ānjiāng, i-Fùchūnjiāng, i-Lánjiāng kanye ne-Qiāndǎohú.
• Ukuphakama kokukhula: Ngokombhalo, 300–600 m.
• Inhlabathi: Ngokombhalo, inhlabathi ebomvu-ephuzi kanye nezinhlobonhlobo zayo, ukujula kongqimba okungaphansi kuka-80 cm, izinto eziphilayo ezingaphansi kuka-1,0 %, i-pH 4,0–5,5; emanzini angaphansi komhlaba kuthiwa “地下水位≥100 cm”.
• Isimo sezulu: I-subtropical enomswakama. Imininingwane eqondile ngezingadi ayitholakali emithonjeni etholakalayo.

5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza

Ubuchwepheshe bunqunywa umbhalo we-CNIPA wango-2025: ukubola → ukuqinisa → ukuqondisa nokubumba → ukulungisa kabusha → ukuhlunga → ukufudumeza ukuze kuthole iphunga elimnandi.

1. Ukubola (摊青, tānqīng): Ungqimba olungaphezu kuka-2 cm, amahora ayi-6 kuya kwayi-12, kuze kube yilapho isiqhumane sithamba, kuvele iphunga elihlanzekile, bese umswakama wehlela cishe ku-70 %.
2. Ukuqinisa (杀青, shāqīng): Cishe ku-300 °C, imizuzu eyi-1,5–2, kuze kube umbala oluhlaza okotshani omnyama, ngaphandle kwephunga lotshani; iqabunga liyabhebhetheka futhi aliphuli lapho ligotshwa.
3. Ukuqondisa nokubumba (紧条定形, jǐntiáo dìngxíng): Cishe ku-100 °C, imizuzu engu-8–10, kuze kube yilapho itiye selingamanaliti aqondile, anganamatheli, anomswakama cishe ongu-50 %.
4. Ukulungisa kabusha (复理, fùlǐ): Cishe ku-100 °C, imizuzu engu-8–10, kuze kube umswakama cishe ongu-10 %: amanaliti aminyene, aqondile, abushelelezi lapho ethintwa futhi aphuka lapho egotshwa.
5. Ukuhlunga (整理, zhěnglǐ): Ukuhlunga ngesisefo esikhulu nesincane ukuze kuhlukaniswe imvuthuluka, nokuphephetha ukuze kususwe izingcezu zamaqabunga.
6. Ukufudumeza ukuze kutholakale iphunga elimnandi (提香, tíxiāng): Ukuqedela embizeni (辉锅, huīguō) kuze kube amanaliti aminyene, aqondile noma agobe kancane, asindayo, abushelelezi, anombala oluhlaza ocwebezelayo; umswakama awukho ngaphezu kuka-6 %.

Ukusonga (揉捻) akukho ohlwini: ukuma kwenaliti kunikezwa ukubumba nokulungisa.

6. Izici Ze-Organoleptic

Ngokombhalo we-CNIPA wango-2025:

• Ukubukeka kweqabunga elomile: Liqondile, njengenaliti (挺直似针), liluhlaza ngokuthambile futhi lisha (色泽嫩绿鲜活).
• Iphunga leqabunga elomile: Azikho izincazelo emithonjeni etholakalayo.
• Iphunga lokumnika: Liphezulu futhi licebile (香高浓郁).
• Ukunambitheka: Kusha futhi kuthambile, nokunambitheka okumnandi ngemva (鲜醇回甘).
• Umbala wokumnika: Uluhlaza ngokuthambile futhi ukhanya (汤色嫩绿明亮).
• Ingaphansi letiye (iqabunga elifakwe emanzini): Umbhalo awulichazi; incwadi yezinkomba ithi liluhlaza, likhanya, lisha (绿明亮、鲜活).
• Engilazini: Ngemva kokufakwa emanzini iziqhumane “zilenga” engilazini ziqonde (悬垂玉立于杯中), lokhu kubhalwe embhalweni njengengxenye yokubukeka.

7. Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali

Umbhalo we-CNIPA wango-2025 ubeka izinkomba ezimbili:

• Ama-amino acid: akukho ngaphansi kuka-2,0 %.
• Ama-polyphenol etiye: 9–10 %.

Indlela yokulinganisa kanye nezincazelo zomhubhe omncane wama-polyphenol azikho embhalweni. Ayikho imininingwane nge-caffeine emithonjeni etholakalayo.

8. Ukufakwa Emanzini

Umkhuba wesigaba setiye eliluhlaza elimise okwenaliti.

• Izinga lokushisa lamanzi: 80–85 °C.
• Inani letiye: 3 g ku-150–200 ml.
• Isitsha: Ingilazi ende ekhanyayo, kuphela lapho kungabonakala khona ukuthi izinaliti zima kanjani.
• Inqubo:
  1. Fudumeza ingilazi.
  2. Thela ingxenye yesithathu yamanzi, faka itiye bese uvumela iqabunga limanzise imizuzwana engama-20–30.
  3. Thela amanzi kuze kugcwale.
  4. Ngemva kwemizuzu eyi-1–2 izinaliti ziyasukuma futhi zehlele phansi, usungaphuza.
  5. Phuza ushiya ingxenye yesithathu yokumnika.
  6. Thela amanzi futhi; ukuphinda kabili noma kathathu.

9. Ukugcinwa

Umkhuba wesigaba. Ephaketheni elivalekile, efrijini ku-0–5 °C, ngaphandle kokukhanya, umswakama kanye namaphunga. Kungcono ukuphuzwa phakathi nonyaka.

10. Intengo Kanye Nokukhwabanisa

Ayikho imininingwane ngentengo emithonjeni etholakalayo.

• Ungakugwema kanjani ukukhwabanisa:
  • Funa uphawu olukhethekile lwesimangaliso sokukhomba indawo noma uphawu lwesimangaliso sezolimo sokukhomba indawo.
  • Hlola ukuthi umkhiqizi ungowase-Jiàndé, endaweni egudle umfula i-Xīn’ānjiāng.
  • Iqabunga liyisiqhumane esingabodwana esimise okwenaliti eqondile eluhlaza ngokuthambile; engilazini iziqhumane zima ziqonde.

11. Amaqiniso Athakazelisayo

• I-Qiāndǎo Yínzhēn ingumkhiqizo wokuqala wase-Hángzhōu onesimangaliso sezolimo sokukhomba indawo seMnyango Wezolimo.
• Ichibi elinikeze itiye igama lalo liyidamu elakhiwe ngodonga emfuleni i-Xīn’ānjiāng; iziqhingi eziyinkulungwane ziyiziqongo zamagquma agqitshiwe amanzi.
• Igama elithi 银珍 lizwakala njenge-银针, “inaliti yesiliva”; ngokomkhiqizi, lelo kwakuyigama letiye ngaphambi kuka-1982.
• Inganekwane exoxwa umkhiqizi ithola igama kusukela eziqhumaneni ezazicwebezela emithambekeni eduze komfula i-Xīn’ānjiāng, “njengamaparele esiliva”.

12. Ukuqhathanisa Namanye Amatiye

• Qiāndǎo Yùyè (千岛玉叶): Elinye itiye lechibi elifanayo, liyisicaba, ngendlela ye-lóngjǐng.
• Jiàndé Bāochá (建德苞茶): Isimangaliso sezolimo sokukhomba indawo esiseduze sesifunda esifanayo (2020).
• Jūnshān Yínzhēn (君山银针): Naye oneziqhumane ezima engilazini, kodwa owesigaba esiphuzi futhi ovela kwenye indawo, iChibi i-Dòngtíng e-Húnán.
• Xīhú Lóngjǐng (西湖龙井): Itiye eliyinhloko lase-Hángzhōu; liyisicaba, hhayi elimise okwenaliti.

Ekuphetheni:

I-Qiāndǎo Yínzhēn itiye eliluhlaza elimise okwenaliti lase-Jiàndé eduze kwechibi leziqhingi eziyinkulungwane. Ngokombhalo wango-2025 lezi yiz qhumane ezingabodwana ezivela ezingadini eziphakeme ngo-300–600 m, ukubunjwa kwenaliti ngaphandle kokusonga, iqabunga eliluhlaza ngokuthambile nokumnika, iphunga eliphezulu elicebile, ukunambitheka okuthambile nokunambitheka okumnandi ngemva, kanye neziqhumane ezima engilazini. Isimangaliso sokuqala sezolimo sokukhomba indawo sase-Hángzhōu, igama elisohlwini lweSivumelwano se-China ne-EU kanye nomkhiqizo onesimangaliso sokukhomba indawo se-CNIPA.

Imithombo

Inkomba yendawo

• MOFCOM 中欧协定附录III (中国注册)

Uhlu oluphelele — ekhasini elithi Imithombo