Jīnshān shíyǔ · thetea.app

Jinshan Shiyu (Jīnshān shíyǔ, 金山时雨) — “imvula efika ngesikhathi evela eNtabeni Yegolide”, itiye eliluhlaza laseJixi County (绩溪县) esifundeni saseXuancheng eningizimu-mpumalanga yesifundazwe sase-Anhui. Indawo yalo yokuzalwa — idolobhana laseJinshan eduze kwelokishi laseShangzhuang, eduze nezindawo zakubo Hu Shi. Udumo lwaleli tiye ngekhulu le-19 lwalethwa yindlu yezohwebo yaseShanghai i-Wang Yutai (汪裕泰), eyasungulwa ngumuntu waseJixi. Kusukela ngo-2010 igama livikelwe uphawu lwezolimo lwendawo, futhi kusukela ngo-2025 — njengomkhiqizo onophawu lwendawo ngezindlela ezimbili: “isigqoko sezinwele” kanye “ne-orchid”.

1. Ukuhlukaniswa kanye Nemvelaphi

Uhlobo: Itiye eliluhlaza (绿茶, lǜchá), elingavutshelwanga. Imithombo yezindaba yesifundazwe ilibiza ngetiye eliluhlaza eligazingiwe lezinga eliphakeme (特级炒青, tèjí chǎoqīng); amasu ka-2025 — aluhlaza, anokulungiswa.
Isigaba: Itiye eliluhlaza lasendulo laseningizimu ye-Anhui; umkhiqizo onophawu lwendawo.
Imvelaphi: I-China, isifundazwe sase-Anhui (安徽, Ānhuī), isifunda saseXuancheng (宣城, Xuānchéng), iJixi County (绩溪, Jìxī). Umnyombo womlando — idolobhana laseShangjinshan (上金山) eduze kwelokishi laseShangzhuang (上庄镇); namuhla indawo eyinhloko kubizwa ngokuthi idolobhana laseJinshan (金山村) kulelo lokishi elifanayo, kanti i-“Renmin wang” (2022) umnyombo wendawo ibiza idolobhana laseYuchuan (余川村).
Indawo yokuvikela: Izifunda eziyisishiyagalombili kanye namalokishi eJixi County: iShangzhuang (上庄镇), iChang’an (长安镇), iYangxi (扬溪镇), iJinsha (金沙镇), iFuling (伏岭镇), iJiapeng (家朋乡), iYingzhou (瀛洲镇) kanye neJingzhou (荆州乡). Umfakisicelo — iShangzhuang Tea Specialized Cooperative yaseJixi County.
Izixhumanisi zendawo: 118°20′–118°55′ empumalanga no-29°57′–30°20′ enyakatho.

2. Umlando Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko

Umlando:
- Inkathi kaDaoguang (1821–1850). Ngokwe-“Renmin wang” (2022), igama latiye lanikezwa kule minyaka; igama langaphambili — “Jinshan mingwu” (金山茗雾, Jīnshān míngwù), “inkungu yetiye yeNtaba Yegolide”.
- Indlu yezohwebo i-Wang Yutai. Incazelo yophawu lwezolimo ibiza leli tiye “njengengcebo” yendlu, eyasungulwa ngumuntu waseJixi eShanghai ngo-1850; unyaka ofanayo ubalwa yincazelo yamagugu angaphatheki kuwebhusayithi yesifunda saseXuancheng (2024). Ngokwe-“Renmin wang”, ngasekupheleni kwe-Qing indlu yayiyingcuphe yokudayisa itiye.
- 1868. Ngokwencazelo yophawu kanye newebhusayithi yaseXuancheng, igama “Jinshan Shiyu” laqiniswa.
- 1894. Ngokwencazelo yophawu, indlu yakwaWang Yutai yaletha itiye enkantolo, futhi itiye laba yintela. Iwebhusayithi eyireferensi mayelana netiye ihlobanisa ukulethwa neminyaka engamashumi ayisithupha ye-Empress Dowager Cixi; umbhalo wokuqala awutholakali emithonjeni etholakalayo.
- Ekuqaleni kweRiphabhuliki. Ngokwe-“Renmin wang”, itiye lase lidayiswa emazweni nasezifundeni ezingaphezu kweshumi.
- Ukuphazamiseka. Ngokwewebhusayithi eyireferensi, ubuchwepheshe balahleka ngasekupheleni kwe-Qing futhi babuyiselwa ngo-1978; lokhu akuqinisekiswanga ngokusemthethweni.
- 25 Meyi 2010. UMnyango Wezolimo we-PRC wabhalisa “金山时雨” njengomkhiqizo wezolimo onophawu lwendawo. NgokweMinistry of Commerce, leli yitiye lokuqala lase-Anhui elinalolu phawu.
- 2013. Kwasungulwa izinga lendawo lase-Anhui DB34/T 989-2013 “Umkhiqizo onophawu lwendawo. Itiye iJinshan Shiyu” (kusukela ngo-5 Januwari 2014, esikhundleni sohlelo lwango-2009); umbhalo ophelele awutholakalanga.
- 2017. “Ubuciko bokwenza itiye eliluhlaza (Jinshan Shiyu)” bafakwa ohlwini lwesihlanu lwamagugu angaphatheki esifundazwe sase-Anhui.
- 2025. I-China National Intellectual Property Administration (CNIPA) ngesimemezelo № 632 sango-9 Juni 2025 (esishicilelwe ngo-27 Juni) yaqaphela imikhiqizo engama-224 enophawu lwendawo; iJinshan Shiyu — inombolo 18.
Igama: 金山 — “Intaba Yegolide”, idolobhana laseJinshan; 时雨 — “imvula efika ngesikhathi”. Iwebhusayithi eyireferensi ichaza igama ngesimo seqabunga, esizacile njengezintambo zemvula.
Ukubaluleka kwamasiko: Itiye lihlotshaniswa no-Hu Shi, umuntu waseShangzhuang; umkhosi wetiye kuleli lokishi wakhelwe igama lakhe.

3. Incazelo Yezitshalo kanye Nempahla Eluhlaza

Izinhlobo / Cultivar: Ngokwezimfuneko zango-2025 — izinhlobo zendawo “Jinshanzhong” (金山种, jīnshānzhǒng) kanye “nezuye” (槠叶种, zhūyèzhǒng) kanye nama-clones akhethwe kuzo, asakazwa ngezinqumo. Ngokwe-“Renmin wang” kanye newebhusayithi eyireferensi, uhlobo lwaseJinshan lunomqhele osakazekile, imiqumbe enamandla kanye noboya obuningi obubonakalayo. Ukubhaliswa kwalolu hlobo kumarejista akutholakali emithonjeni etholakalayo.
Ukuvuna: “Ngokuphakamisa isandla” (提手采, tíshǒucǎi), ngokuvamile kusukela maphakathi noMashi — ngokwezimfuneko zango-2025. Izincazelo ezidumile zikhuluma ngokuvunwa cishe ngo-Guyu (谷雨), okungukuthi cishe ngo-20 Ephreli.
Izinga lokuvuna: Inguqulo edumile — iqabunga elilodwa elinamacembe amabili aqala ukuvuleka, “uqhoqho lwamanqe” (鹰嘴甲, yīngzuǐjiǎ). Inothi kuwebhusayithi yesifunda (2024) libiza iqabunga elivunwe ngaphambi kwe-Guyu njengelihle kakhulu.

4. I-Terroir kanye Nezici Zokutshala

Isifunda: Iningizimu-mpumalanga ye-Anhui, ukuhlangana kwezintaba zaseHuangshan naseTianmu, umngcele neZhejiang (ngokwencazelo yophawu lwezolimo kanye ne-“Renmin wang”).
Ukuphakama kokutshala: 500–900 m — imithambeka nemifula yomnyombo wesifunda, ngokwe-“Renmin wang” (2022) kanye newebhusayithi eyireferensi. Leyo webhusayithi eyireferensi emshweni oseduze ibeka amasimu ngenhla kwe-1500 m — lokhu kuyaphikisana neminye imininingwane.
Inhlabathi: Ngokwezimfuneko zango-2025 — inothile ngezinto eziphilayo, i-pH ikakhulukazi 5.8–6.5. Iwebhusayithi eyireferensi: inhlabathi emnyama enesihlabathi evundile enephrofayili ejulile.
Ububanzi nokukhiqiza: Ububanzi bamasimu abutholakali emithonjeni etholakalayo. Ngokwabezindaba bendawo, ngo-2023 ukukhiqizwa kwaba ngamathani ayi-1060 ngenani elilinganiselwa ezigidini eziyi-188 zama-yuan.

5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza

Ubuchwepheshe bendabuko bezandla, ngokwe-“Renmin wang”, — ukulungisa, ukusonga, ukomisa. Incazelo yamagugu angaphatheki kuwebhusayithi yaseXuancheng (2024) ihlukanisa lokhu ngezinyathelo eziyisishiyagalombili: ukulungisa, ukusonga, ukugazinga kokulungisa kokuqala (炒头坯), ukusonga kabusha (复揉), ukugazinga kokulungisa kwesibili (炒二坯), ukwahlukanisa, ukubumba ebhodweni (掰老锅, bāi lǎoguō) kanye nokuhlukanisa; umjikelezo wonke — cishe amahora ayisithupha. Izimfuneko zango-2025 zinikeza amasu amabili, ngezindlela ezimbili; imingcele ayitholakali emithonjeni etholakalayo.

Isimo “sesigqoko sezinwele” (发髻形, fàjìxíng): ukwahlukanisa kweqabunga elisha (摊放, tānfàng), ukulungisa (杀青, shāqīng), ukusonga (揉捻, róuniǎn), ukulungisa kokuqala (毛坯, máopī) — ukugingqa emgqonyeni noma ukomisa kancane, ukupholisa (摊凉, tānliáng), ukubumba (做形, zuòxíng) — ebhodweni izintambo ziqondiswa futhi zisongwa, ukupholisa futhi, “umlilo ogcwele” (足火, zúhuǒ), ukususa imvithi (去碎末, qù suìmò).
Isimo “se-orchid” (兰花形, lánhuāxíng): ukwahlukanisa, ukulungisa, ukuqondisa (理条, lǐtiáo) esikhundleni sokusonga, ukupholisa, ukubumba, ukupholisa, “umlilo ogcwele”, ukususa imvithi futhi ekugcineni — ukushisa ukuze kube nephunga (提香, tíxiāng).

Uhlelo lophawu lwezolimo lwango-2010 luhambisana nolokuqala.

6. Izici Zokunambitha

Ukubukeka kweqabunga elomile: “Isigqoko sezinwele” — esigoqwe ngokuqinile, sifana nesifundo sezinwele (形似发髻紧结); “i-orchid” — izintambo eziqondile zemvelo, zifana nembali ye-orchid (形似兰花条直自然). Izincazelo ezireferensi zesimo sakudala: izintambo ezincanyana ezigoqekile “njengezintambo zemvula”, eziluhlaza okotshani okumnyama (乌绿), ezinomkhawulo ocacile weqabunga (锋苗, fēngmiáo).
Iphunga leqabunga elomile: Ayikho incazelo ehlukile emithonjeni etholakalayo.
Iphunga lotshwala: Kuzo zombili izimo — iphunga lezimbali, eliphakeme futhi elihlala isikhathi eside (花香高长持久).
Ukunambitheka: Othambile noqabulayo (滋味醇爽) — kuzo zombili izimo. Ngokwezincazelo ezireferensi — nobumnandi obusemva, kuphela kusukela ekuchithekeni kwesithupha.
Umbala wotshwala: Omsulwa, osobala futhi okhanyayo (汤色清澈明亮). Izincazelo ezireferensi — ophuzi-oluhlaza.
Iqabunga elingaphansi (iqabunga eliphekiwe): Alichazwanga ezimfunekweni zango-2025. Izincazelo ezireferensi: elivulekile, elinombala wegolide.

7. Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali

Ezimfunekweni zango-2025 azikho izindinganiso zefiziksi namakhemikhali. Incazelo yophawu lwezolimo ibhala ukuthi i-polyphenols kanye ne-caffeine “ngokulandelana 25 % kanye 3.5 % nangaphezulu”, ama-amino acid — kusukela ku-3.2 %; lezi yizinombolo ezichazayo zereferensi, hhayi izindinganiso zezinga.

8. Ukuphisa

Umkhuba wezinga letiye eliluhlaza; izinga lokushisa, ingxenye yeqabunga kanye nokugcwalisa kuphakanyiswa yiwebhusayithi eyireferensi.

Izinga lokushisa lamanzi: 85–90 °C.
Inani letiye: 1 g nge-50 ml, okungukuthi 3 g nge-150 ml.
Izitsha: Ingilazi.
Inqubo:
1. Shisisa ingilazi.
2. Faka itiye bese uthela amanzi ngasodongeni.
3. Ukuphisa kokuqala — ngemva kwemizuzwana engama-40–60.
4. Phuza kuze kube ingilazi isalelwe ingxenye yesithathu.
5. Gezela amanzi.
6. Ngokuvamile kuphisa kathathu.

9. Ukugcina

Umkhuba wezinga. Esikhwameni esivalekile, efrijini ku-0–5 °C, ngaphandle kokukhanya, umswakama kanye namaphunga. Kungcono ukuphuza phakathi nonyaka.

10. Intengo kanye Nezimbumbulu

Ngokwenothi kuwebhusayithi yesifunda (2024), izinga eliphezulu libiza ama-yuan angama-800–1000 nge-jin (500 g).

Indlela yokugwema izimbumbulu:
- Funa uphawu olukhethekile lwendawo.
- Qiniseka ukuthi umkhiqizi ungomunye wezifunda eziyisishiyagalombili ezibaluliwe kanye namalokishi eJixi County.
- Yazi zombili izimo ezivikelwe; iphunga — lezimbali futhi liphakeme, utshwala — obusobala futhi obukhanyayo.

11. Amaqiniso Athokozisayo

Ukuvikelwa kwango-2025 kuqaphela izimo ezimbili etiyeni elilodwa. Ngokwenothi kuwebhusayithi yesifunda (2024), “isigqoko sezinwele” — isimo sendabuko esinamazinga amane, “i-orchid” — entsha, enamabili.
Inani lama-buds ngekhilogremu imithombo ilibala ngezindlela ezahlukene: cishe 5000 — i-“Renmin wang” (2022), cishe 2000 — incazelo yamagugu kuwebhusayithi yaseXuancheng (2024); ukuthi lezi zinombolo zibhekisa eqabungeni elisha noma eliphekiwe akucacisiwe.
Umkhosi wetiye wango-2024 wavulwa eShangzhuang ngo-21 Ephreli; isiqubulo sahlobanisa itiye no-Hu Shi — “vakashela indawo yakubo Hu Shi futhi uzame iJinshan Shiyu”.

12. Ukuqhathaniswa namanye amatiye aluhlaza aseningizimu ye-Anhui

Huangshan Mao Feng (黄山毛峰): Itiye elidumile loqhwaku lwaseHuangshan olusondele.
Tunlu (屯绿): Itiye eliluhlaza eligazingiwe laseHuizhou yakudala; iJixi ingenye yezifunda zalo.
Songluo Cha (松萝茶): Itiye eligazingiwe elingokomlando lesifunda saseXiuning.
Yongxi Huo Qing (涌溪火青): Itiye eliluhlaza lesifunda saseJingxian, eligoqwe laba yizinhlamvu ezigoqekile.

Ekuphetheni:

IJinshan Shiyu — itiye eliluhlaza laseJixi County, okwaduma ngokuhweba kwaseShanghai ngekhulu le-19: “ingcebo” yendlu yakwaWang Yutai kanye nentela yenkantolo yango-1894. Izimfuneko zango-2025 ziqaphela izimo zalo ezimbili — “isigqoko sezinwele” esigoqekile kanye “ne-orchid” eqondile — ngephunga elivamile lezimbali eliphakeme, utshwala obusobala kanye nokunambitheka okuthambile okuqabulayo.

Imithombo

Amazinga

DB34/T 989-2013

Inkomba yendawo

CNIPA 地理标志产品认定 №632

Uhlu oluphelele — ekhasini elithi Imithombo