Gùshǐ yúnwù · thetea.app

Gushi Yunwu (Gùshǐ yúnwù, 固始云雾) — «amafu nenkungu yaseGushi»: igama letiye lesifunda saseGushi (固始县) emkhakheni wedolobha iXinyang eningizimu yesifundazwe saseHenan. Igama livikelwe wuphawu lwesitifiketi sezindawo № 5124386, umnikazi — inhlangano yetiye yesifunda saseGushi (固始县茶叶协会); uphawu lusohlwini lukahulumeni lwezinkomba zezindawo ezibhalisiwe kusukela mhla zingama-31 kuZibandlela 2009. Ngetiye uqobo imibhalo etholakele imincane: akukho sigaba, akukho buchwepheshe, akukho zimfuneko zokubukeka okushiwo yimithombo yokuqala.

1. Ukuhlukaniswa kanye Nemvelaphi

Uhlobo: Akunakwa. Igama elithi «云雾» (yúnwù, «amafu nenkungu») — umfanekiso wendawo esezintabeni, hhayi inkomba yohlobo. Ngokusho kweKomidi Likazwelonke Lezokuthuthukiswa Nokuguqulwa (2021), isifunda senza iXinyang Mao Jian, amatiye endawo aqanjwe ngamagama, itiye eliluhlaza elithosiwe (炒青绿茶), itiye elibomvu laseXinyang kanye ne-matcha; ukuthi impahla yophawu ingelaliphi kulawa, awukho umbhalo otholakele oshoyo. Ukushicilelwa okudumile kwango-2025 kuchaza ubuchwepheshe betiye eliluhlaza, kodwa lona ngumthombo ongathembekile (isigaba 5), futhi isigaba ngokwawo angisinikezi.
Isigaba: Uphawu lwesitifiketi sezindawo lwesifunda; impahla ngokubhaliswa — «itiye» (茶).
Imvelaphi: IChina, isifundazwe saseHenan (河南, Hénán), umkhandlu wedolobha iXinyang (信阳, Xìnyáng), isifunda saseGushi (固始, Gùshǐ).
Indawo yophawu: Ayihloliwe. Isifunda sikhonjwe ngokomnikazi wophawu; umngcele osemthethweni wendawo angiwubonanga. Ngokusho kweKomidi Likazwelonke, izisekelo zetiye zesifunda zisezindaweni ezisezintabeni eziseningizimu kanye namadolobhana: eChenlin (陈淋), eZushi (祖师), eWumiao (武庙), eDuanji (段集), eFangji (方集), kanye naseLiji (黎集), eZhaogang (赵岗), eGuolutan (郭陆滩), eZhanglaobu (张老埠) naseSanhejian (三河尖).
Izixhumanisi zendawo: Isifunda saseGushi — cishe u-32,2° enyakatho kanye no-115,6° empumalanga.

2. Umlando Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko

Umlando:
- Itiye lesifunda. Ngokokushicilelwa kweKomidi Likazwelonke Lezokuthuthukiswa Nokuguqulwa (2021), ukutshalwa kwetiye eGushi, ngokocwaningo (据考证), sekungaphezu kweminyaka engu-2300. Kusukela kumatiye endabuko «eketela elincane» (小锅茶) kanye netiye eliluhlaza elithosiwe kwakhula uhla lwamanje lwesifunda.
- 1914. Lokho kushicilelwa kufanayo kubhala ukuthi ngonyaka wesithathu weRiphabhuliki (1914) «固始云雾茶» labamba iqhaza emqhudelwaneni wemikhiqizo wasePanama futhi laduma. Ngomklomelo akushiwongo kukho. Amawebhusayithi adumile abhala kakade ngomklomelo; isiqinisekiso salokhu angisitholanga.
- Ukubhaliswa kophawu. Uphawu № 5124386 (impahla — itiye, umnikazi — inhlangano yetiye yesifunda saseGushi) lufakwe ohlwini lwezinkomba zezindawo ezibhalisiwe zoMnyango Wezimboni Nezohwebo mhla zingama-31 kuZibandlela 2009 kanye nasohlwini lweHhovisi Lezimpawu Zokuthengisa lwango-2012. Usuku lokubhaliswa kulolu hlu alukho.
- Isimo. Ngokwerejista ka-2026, igama libhaliswe ngosuku lomthombo; ukuthi ukuvikelwa kusasebenza manje, akukaqinisekiswa.
- 2024. Iphephandaba iNongmin Ribao (农民日报) lakhuluma ngedolobhana iWangling (汪岭村) lesigodi saseChenlinzi (陈淋子镇): lapho kusebenza amakhophalethivu amakhulu etiye angu-13, futhi ngaphansi kwawo kukhula njengamakhowe emva kwemvula izinhlaka zetiye zendawo «固始云雾» kanye ne-«高山茶» — «itiye lasezintabeni eziphakeme».
Igama: 固始 — igama lesifunda; 云雾 — «amafu nenkungu». Amatiye amaningi asezintabeni aseChina abizwa kanjalo, futhi igama ngokwalo alibeki isigaba.
Ukubaluleka kwamasiko: IKomidi Likazwelonke libiza izimpawu zetiye ezintathu zesifunda ezinesimo «sohwebo oludumile lwaseChina» (中国驰名商标): «九华山», «仰天雪绿» kanye ne-«十八盘». IGushi Yunwu ayikho phakathi kwazo. INongmin Ribao ngo-2024 ibhala ukuthi izimpawu zetiye zaseGushi «九华山毛尖», «仰天雪绿» kanye ne-«青峰云雾» zaba uphawu lwetiye laseXinyang; i-«青峰云雾» nayo iyi-«yunwu» yesifunda, kodwa ukuthi ihlobana kanjani nophawu «固始云雾», ayishiwongo emithonjeni etholakele.

3. Incazelo Yezitshalo Kanye Nezinto Zokusetshenziswa

Izinhlobo / Ama-cultivar: Ophawu uqobo izinhlobo azishiwongo. Ngokusho kweKomidi Likazwelonke (2021), ezivandeni zesifunda kukhula uhlobo lwendawo lwaseXinyang (信阳群体种, Xìnyáng qúntǐzhǒng), i-福鼎大白 (Fúdǐng dàbái), i-乌牛早 (Wūniúzǎo), i-舒茶早 (Shūcházǎo) kanye ne-龙井43 (Lóngjǐng 43). Izihlahla ezitshalwa ngembewu (有性系) zithatha izinkulungwane eziyi-119,5 ze-mu — amaphesenti angu-73,7 wezivande zesifunda, ezama-clone (无性系) — izinkulungwane ezingama-42,5 ze-mu, amaphesenti angu-26,3. Lena yimininingwane ngesifunda, hhayi ngetiye lophawu.
Ukuvuna nezinga lokuvuna: Imininingwane emithonjeni etholakele ayikho.
Izimfuneko zezinto zokusetshenziswa: Imininingwane emithonjeni etholakele ayikho.

4. Indawo Yezulu Kanye Nezici Zokutshala

Isifunda: Iningizimu yesifunda saseGushi — izigodi ezisezintabeni, ezibalulwe esigabeni 1. Ukushicilelwa okudumile kubeka izivande ekujuleni kwezintaba zaseDabie (大别山); incazelo esemthethweni yendawo angiyibonanga.
Isimo sezulu: INongmin Ribao ibhala ngedolobhana iWangling njengendawo enesimo sezulu sasezintabeni eziphakeme, umehluko omkhulu wokushisa phakathi nobusuku nemini kanye nelanga eliningi. Izinombolo lolu shicilelo aluzinikezi.
Ubude: Imininingwane esemthethweni ayikho. Ukushicilelwa okudumile kukhuluma ngezivande ezingaphezu kwamamitha angu-800; lokhu akuqinisekiswanga ngumthombo wokuqala.
Inhlabathi: Imininingwane emithonjeni etholakele ayikho.
Ububanzi bezivande zesifunda: Ngokusho kweKomidi Likazwelonke, izinkulungwane eziyi-162 ze-mu ngo-2020. NgokweNongmin Ribao, ngo-2023 — izinkulungwane eziyi-165,5 ze-mu, kuzo izinkulungwane eziyi-135 ze-mu ziyizivande lapho kuvunwa khona, amathani angu-6600 etiye nenani lomkhiqizo eliyi-1 bhiliyoni yama-yuan. Lena yimininingwane yesifunda sonke ngokwabezindaba noMnyango, hhayi umkhiqizo wetiye «固始云雾».

5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza

Umbhalo wobuchwepheshe beGushi Yunwu angiwutholanga. Ukushicilelwa okudumile kwango-2025 ngaphandle kombhali kubhala ngokuvunwa kweqhubu elilodwa elineqabunga elilodwa elisanda kuvuleka kanye nomsebenzi wezandla: ukulungiswa, ukusontwa, ukuqondiswa, ukomiswa. Lokho kushicilelwa okufanayo angikuthembi: akubizi umbhali futhi endabeni ye-«固始云雾» kuveza, ngaphandle kokuhlukanisa, umkhiqizo wesifunda sonke (amathani angu-6000 ngonyaka ka-2020 — ngokweKomidi Likazwelonke lena yinombolo yesifunda sonke).

Uma impahla yophawu iyitiye eliluhlaza, njengoba kubhala izincazelo ezidumile, uhlelo olujwayelekile lwesigaba lum kanje:

Ukunwetshwa kweqabunga elisha (摊放, tānfàng): Iqabunga likhipha ingxenye yomswakama.
Ukulungiswa (杀青, shāqīng): Ukushisa kumisa i-oxidation.
Ukusontwa (揉捻, róuniǎn).
Ukomiswa (干燥, gānzào).

Lona uhlelo olujwayelekile lwesigaba, hhayi incazelo yobuchwepheshe beGushi Yunwu.

6. Izici Zokunambitheka Nokubukeka

Umbhalo onezimfuneko zokubukeka awukho.

Ukubukeka kweqabunga elomile: Imininingwane emithonjeni etholakele ayikho.
Iphunga leqabunga elomile: Imininingwane emithonjeni etholakele ayikho.
Iphunga lokuphuzwa: Imininingwane emithonjeni etholakele ayikho.
Ukunambitheka: Imininingwane emithonjeni etholakele ayikho.
Umbala wokuphuzwa: Imininingwane emithonjeni etholakele ayikho.
Isiziba setiye (iqabunga eliphuziwe): Imininingwane emithonjeni etholakele ayikho.

Ukushicilelwa okudumile okungathembekile kwango-2025 kuchaza iqabunga njengelisontekile kahle futhi liminyene, ukuphuzwa — kuluhlaza okotshani futhi kukhanya, iqabunga eliphuziwe — lilingana futhi liphila (外形紧细卷曲、汤色嫩绿明亮、叶底匀整鲜活). Lokhu ngikunikeza njengencazelo yangomunye, hhayi njengokubukeka okuqinisekisiwe.

7. Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali

Imininingwane yefiziksi namakhemikhali emithonjeni etholakele ayikho.

8. Ukuphuza

Umkhuba wesigaba. Isigaba asinakwa; izinkomba ezingezansi ngezetiye eliluhlaza, okukhulunywa ngalo ezincazelweni ezidumile.

Izinga lokushisa lamanzi: 80–85 °C.
Inani letiye: amagremu angu-3 ngamamililitha angu-150.
Isitsha: Ingilazi yegilasi noma i-gaiwan emhlophe.
Inqubo:
1. Kushisise isitsha.
2. Kubekwe itiye bese kuthelwa amanzi ngasodongeni.
3. Ukuphuzwa kokuqala — emva kwemizuzwana engama-40–60.
4. Kuphuzwe, kushiywe ingxenye yokuphuzwa.
5. Kuthelwe amanzi futhi.
6. Ukuthelwa okuphindwe kabili noma kathathu.

9. Ukugcinwa

Umkhuba wesigaba wetiye eliluhlaza. Emaphaketheni avaliwe, esiqandisini ku-0–5 °C, ngaphandle kokukhanya, umswakama namaphunga; kungcono ukuphuzwa phakathi nonyaka.

10. Intengo Kanye Nemikhohlisi

Imininingwane ngentengo emithonjeni ethembekile ayikho. Amazinga entengo asukela ekushicilelweni okudumile angiwaphindi.

Ugwema kanjani imikhohlisi:
- Funa uphawu lwesitifiketi sezindawo «固始云雾» bese uqinisekisa ukuthi umkhiqizi ungowesifunda saseGushi.
- Khumbula ukuthi ukusebenza kokuvikelwa akukaqinisekiswa manje: uphawu ephaketheni kufanele luqhathaniswe nerejista.
- Ungadidanisi ne-«青峰云雾» — lena wuphawu oluhlukile lwesifunda, ubudlelwane baso nophawu abunakwa.
- Igama elithi «云雾» ephaketheni alanele: amatiye abizwa kanjalo ezifundazweni eziningi.

11. Amaqiniso Athokozisayo

NgokweKomidi Likazwelonke, itiye elinegama elithi «固始云雾» laya emqhudelwaneni wasePanama ngo-1914 — cishe ikhulu leminyaka ngaphambi kokuba igama lingene ohlwini lwezinkomba zezindawo.
Isimo «sohwebo oludumile lwaseChina» esifundeni sitholwe ezinye izimpawu zetiye — «九华山», «仰天雪绿» kanye ne-«十八盘», hhayi iGushi Yunwu.
Esifundeni esisodwa kuhlala ama-«yunwu» amabili: uphawu «固始云雾» kanye nohlobo «青峰云雾».

12. Ukuqhathaniswa namanye amatiye

Xinyang Mao Jian (信阳毛尖): Itiye eliluhlaza eliyinhloko lomkhandlu iXinyang; ngokweKomidi Likazwelonke, lenziwa naseGushi.
Yangtian Xue Lü (仰天雪绿): Itiye eliluhlaza lesifunda elifanayo futhi elinye lamagama aso amathathu «adumile».
Xinyang Hong (信阳红): Itiye elibomvu lomkhandlu, itiye elibomvu laseXinyang, ngokweKomidi Likazwelonke, nalo lisenhlwini yaseGushi.
Lushan Yun Wu (庐山云雾): Itiye eliluhlaza lentaba iLushan eJiangxi — elinye lama-«yunwu» adume kakhulu eChina; neGushi lihlobene negama kuphela.

Ekuphetheni:

IGushi Yunwu — igama elaziwa kangcono kunetiye uqobo: uphawu lubhaliswe ngaphansi kwenhlangano yetiye yesifunda futhi lusohlwini lukahulumeni lwango-2009 no-2012, iKomidi Likazwelonke likhumbula umqhudelwano wasePanama wango-1914, kanti abezindaba bango-2024 bakhumbula idolobhana lasezintabeni iWanglin, lapho lesi sizinda sikhula khona kanye namakhophalethivu. Isigaba, ubuchwepheshe nokubukeka imibhalo ayikubizi, ngakho-ke encwadini yolwazi lena i-athikili yokubuka ngophawu, hhayi incazelo yokunambitheka. Ukuze uthole ukunambitheka okuqinisekisiwe kweXinyang, kufanele uye kwiXinyang Mao Jian naseYangtian Xue Lü yesifunda saseGushi.