Qínglóng lǜchá · thetea.app

Qinglong Lücha (Qínglóng lǜchá, 晴隆绿茶) ndi tiyi wobiriwira wa m’boma la Qinglong (晴隆县) m’chigawo chodziyimira cha Qianxinan Buyi ndi Miao kum’mwera chakumadzulo kwa chigawo cha Guizhou. Minda ya tiyi ili pautali wa 1100–1700 m, pa latitude yotsika, ndipo malinga ndi malongosoledwe a kumaloko, kukolola koyamba kwa masika kumayamba pano milungu itatu kapena isanu ndi umodzi molawirira kuposa madera ambiri ena. Zofunikira pa malonda zimafotokoza mitundu iwiri, yopindika ndi yosalala. Boma limadziwikanso ndi zomwe zinapezeka mu 1980: pa phiri la Yuntou Dashan, pamalire ndi boma loyandikana nalo la Pu’an, anapeza mbewu ya mtengo wa tiyi yokhala ngati mwala. Kuyambira 2017, Qinglong Lücha imatetezedwa ngati malonda okhala ndi chizindikiro cha malo.

1. Gulu ndi Chiyambi

Mtundu: Tiyi wobiriwira (绿茶, lǜchá), dzina la gulu limatchulidwa m’dzina lenilenilo ndipo limatsimikiziridwa ndi ukadaulo: kukhazikitsa, kupotoza kapena kusalaza, kuumitsa.
Gulu: Tiyi wobiriwira wakumapiri woyamba wa kum’mwera chakumadzulo kwa Guizhou; malonda okhala ndi chizindikiro cha malo (2017).
Chiyambi: China, chigawo cha Guizhou (贵州, Guìzhōu), chigawo chodziyimira cha Qianxinan Buyi ndi Miao (黔西南, Qiánxīnán), boma la Qinglong (晴隆, Qínglóng).
Dera lotetezedwa: Magawo khumi ndi anayi a boma: makomiti a msewu a Liancheng (莲城) ndi Dongguan (东观), matauni a Zhongying (中营), Huagong (花贡), Chama (茶马), Guangzhao (光照), Jichang (鸡场), Shazi (沙子), Bihen (碧痕) ndi Dachang (大厂), matauni akumidzi a Changliu (长流), Angu (安谷) ndi Zima (紫马), ndi dera la mtundu wa Yi la Sanbao (三宝彝族乡).
Ma coordinates: Palibe ma coordinates a dera m’zolemba zopezeka; malinga ndi boma la Qinglong, boma lili pakati pa 25°33′ ndi 26°11′ N ndi pakati pa 105°01′ ndi 105°25′ E.

2. Mbiri ndi Tanthauzo la Chikhalidwe

Mbiri:
- Mbewu yokhala ngati mwala. Malinga ndi Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, pa 13 July 1980 gulu la Tea Institute lawo, lomwe linkaphunzira mitengo ya tiyi yakutchire ya chigawochi, linapeza pa phiri la Yuntou Dashan (云头大山) pamalire a maboma a Qinglong ndi Pu’an mbewu yokhala ngati mwala; zolemba zina zimanena kuti anapeza ndi agronomist wamkulu wa dipatimenti yaulimi ya boma. Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology ya Chinese Academy of Sciences inazindikira kuti inali mbewu ya tiyi wa mipira inayi (四球茶) wa nyengo yochedwa ya Tertiary, wazaka pafupifupi 1.64 miliyoni; zolemba zofotokozera zimalemba za kumapeto kwa nyengo ya Tertiary ndi Quaternary ndipo za zaka “zoposa miliyoni imodzi”. Xinhua imatchula Qinglong kukhala malo okhawo padziko lapansi pomwe mwala wotere unapezeka; boma loyandikana nalo la Pu’an limatchulanso za mwala umenewu chifukwa phirili lili pamalire a maboma awiriwo.
- Malo osungiramo zinthu zakale. Boma likumanga malo osungiramo zinthu zakale mozungulira malo omwe mwala unapezeka.
- 2010–2011. Chizindikiro cha malonda cha geographical trademark No. 8685710 cha tiyi; mwini ndi Qinglong County Tea Industry Association (晴隆县茶叶产业协会). Malipoti ena a atolankhani amanena kuti ndi a 2010, ena amalemba kuti chizindikirocho chinalembetsedwa mu March 2011.
- 2017. General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine ndi chidziwitso No. 108 inateteza Qinglong Lücha ngati malonda okhala ndi chizindikiro cha malo ndipo inavomereza zofunikira zake; malinga ndi atolankhani, chitetezocho chikugwira ntchito kuyambira 8 December 2017.
- 2025. State Intellectual Property Office ndi chidziwitso inatsimikizira ufulu wa opanga kugwiritsa ntchito chizindikiro chapadera cha geographical indication.
Dzina: “Qinglong” (晴隆) ndi dzina la boma; “lücha” (绿茶) ndi tiyi wobiriwira.
Tanthauzo la chikhalidwe: Boma limalimbikitsa tiyi ndi mawu anayi, “wakale, woyamba, woyera, wonunkhira” (古、早、净、香). “Wakale” amatanthauza mitengo yambiri yakale ya tiyi ndi mbewu yokhala ngati mwala; “woyamba” amatanthauza kukolola masiku 20–40 molawirira kuposa madera ena chifukwa cha kutalika ndi latitude yotsika; “woyera” amatanthauza kuwongolera mankhwala ophera tizilombo; “wonunkhira” amatanthauza kumveka kwa maluwa a orchid.

3. Kufotokoza kwa Zomera ndi Zopangira

Mitundu / Cultivars: Zofunikira zimatchula Fuding dabai (福鼎大白, Fúdǐng dàbái), Longjing 43 (龙井43, Lóngjǐng 43) ndi mitundu yachikhalidwe yakumaloko.
Kukolola: Nyengo ziwiri, kuyambira kumayambiriro kwa February mpaka kumapeto kwa April ndi kuyambira kumayambiriro kwa July mpaka kumapeto kwa September.
Mulingo wa kukolola: Mphukira imodzi yokha, mphukira yokhala ndi tsamba limodzi lokha lotseguka, mphukira yokhala ndi masamba awiri okha otseguka.
Zofunikira pa zopangira: Zitsamba zimafesedwa ndi nthambi; zimabzalidwa kuyambira October mpaka February, osapitirira zomera 60,000 pa hekitala; chaka ndi chaka amawonjezera osachepera matani 25 a feteleza wachilengedwe wovunda pa hekitala.

4. Terroir ndi Makhalidwe a Kulima

Dera: Kum’mwera chakumadzulo kwa Guizhou, mapiri pamalire ndi boma la Pu’an.
Kutalika kwa kulima: 1100–1700 m, malinga ndi zofunikira za malonda.
Nyengo: Malinga ndi malongosoledwe ofotokozera, nyengo ndi yozizira komanso yachinyontho ya kumapiri ya subtropical monsoon: kutentha kwapakati pachaka kozungulira 14 °C, mvula 1500–1650 mm, dzuwa pafupifupi maola 1462 pachaka, masiku osazizira pafupifupi 320. Malo a boma ndi mapiri a karst ogawanika kwambiri, kuyambira 543 mpaka 2025 m.
Nthaka: Nthaka yachikasu kapena yachikasu-bulauni, pH 4.5–6.5, zinthu zachilengedwe zosachepera 1.5 %, makulidwe a nthaka osachepera 50 cm.

5. Ukadaulo wa Kupanga

Zofunikira za malonda zimafotokoza njira ziwiri:

Tiyi wosalala: kufota → kukhazikitsa → kusalaza → kuumba → kuumitsa → kutenthetsa kuti afungo likhale.
Tiyi wopindika: kufota → kukhazikitsa → kupotoza → kuumba → kuumitsa → kutenthetsa kuti afungo likhale.

Magawo a masitepe:

Kufota (摊青, tānqīng): Wosanjikiza wa 2–10 cm, maola 3–6.
Kukhazikitsa (杀青, shāqīng): Pa 180–240 °C, mphindi 2–5.
Kusalaza (理条, lǐtiáo) kwa tiyi wosalala: pa 120–150 °C, mphindi 2–5.
Kupotoza (揉捻, róuniǎn) kwa tiyi wopindika: osachepera 80 % ya tsamba iyenera kupindika kukhala ngati chingwe.
Kuumba (做形, zuòxíng): Payokha pa mawonekedwe osalala ndi opindika; zofunikira sizipereka magawo.
Kuumitsa (干燥, gānzào): Kawiri kapena katatu, mpaka chinyontho chosapitirira 7 %.
Kutenthetsa kuti afungo likhale (提香, tíxiāng): Pa 60–100 °C, maola 1.5–2.

6. Makhalidwe a Kumva

Maonekedwe a tsamba louma: Wopindika, wochanguluka, wopyapyala, wopindika; mtundu wofanana, wobiriwira wonyowa (紧细卷曲；色泽匀整润绿). Wosalala, wophweka, wosalala, wokhala ndi ubweya wowoneka bwino, wofanana; mtundu wobiriwira wonyowa (扁平光滑，显毫、匀整；色泽润绿).
Fungo la tsamba louma: Palibe malongosoledwe m’zolemba zopezeka.
Fungo la madzi: Wopindika, wamphamvu komanso wokhalitsa (浓郁、持久). Wosalala, woyera (纯正). Malongosoledwe akumaloko amanena za kumveka pang’ono kwa maluwa a orchid.
Kukoma: Wopindika, wofewa komanso wodzaza, watsopano komanso wamphamvu (醇厚、鲜浓). Wosalala, watsopano komanso wofewa, wokoma, wolemera (鲜醇、味甘、浓厚).
Mtundu wa madzi: Wopindika, wobiriwira wachikasu komanso wowala (黄绿明亮). Wosalala, wachikasu, wowala komanso wowonekera (黄亮透明).
Tsamba lotsalira (la tiyi wophikidwa): Salifotokozedwa m’zofunikira za malonda; palibe malongosoledwe ena m’zolemba zopezeka.

7. Kapangidwe ka Mankhwala

Zofunikira za physicochemical pa malonda:

Chizindikiro	Zofunikira
Chinyontho	osapitirira 7.0 %
Phulusa lonse	osapitirira 7.0 %
Zinthu zotulutsidwa	osachepera 38.0 %
Ma polyphenols a tiyi	osachepera 13.0 %

Izi ndi malire ovomerezeka, osati kapangidwe koyezedwa. Palibe deta ya ma amino acid ndi caffeine m’zolemba zopezeka.

8. Kapangidwe ka Kumwa

Kachitidwe ka gulu la tiyi wobiriwira.

Kutentha kwa madzi: 80–85 °C; pa tiyi wopindika wochanguluka mutha kufika 90 °C.
Kuchuluka kwa tiyi: 3 g pa 150 ml.
Zotengera: Galasi lagalasi pa tiyi wosalala, gaiwan yoyera pa tiyi wopindika.
Njira:
1. Tenthetsani chotengeracho.
2. Ikani tiyi ndi kuthira madzi m’mbali.
3. Kumwa koyamba, masekondi 40–60.
4. Mwani, kusiya madzi otsala pang’ono.
5. Onjezerani madzi.
6. Thirani madzi kawiri kapena katatu.

9. Kusunga

Kachitidwe ka gulu. M’paketi yotseka bwino, mufiriji pa 0–5 °C, popanda kuwala, chinyontho ndi fungo lachilendo. Tiyi woyamba wa masika ndi wamtengo wapatali chifukwa cha kutsitsimuka kwake, choncho ndi bwino kumwa mkati mwa chaka chimodzi.

10. Mtengo ndi Zachinyengo

Palibe deta ya mitengo m’zolemba zopezeka.

Momwe mungapewere zachinyengo:
- Yang’anani chizindikiro cha geographical indication.
- Onetsetsani kuti wopanga ali m’gawo limodzi mwa magawo khumi ndi anayi a boma la Qinglong.
- Fananizani mawonekedwe ndi zofunikira: wopindika, wopyapyala ndi wopindika, madzi obiriwira achikasu; wosalala, wophweka, wokhala ndi ubweya, madzi achikasu ndi owonekera.

11. Mfundo Zosangalatsa

Mbewu ya tiyi yokhala ngati mwala yochokera ku Qinglong inazindikiridwa ngati mbewu ya tiyi wa mipira inayi wa nyengo yochedwa ya Tertiary.
Mbewu sichinapezeke mwa kukumba, koma pofufuza mitengo ya tiyi yakutchire pa phiri la Yuntou Dashan.
M’dera lotetezedwa muli tawuni ya Chama (茶马), kutanthauza “tiyi ndi akavalo”.
Zofunikira zimalola nyengo ziwiri za kukolola, masika kuyambira February ndi chilimwe-kuphukira kuyambira July mpaka September.

12. Kufanizira ndi Tiyi Woyandikana Nao

Pu’an Gushu Lü (普安古树绿): Tiyi wobiriwira wa boma loyandikana nalo la Pu’an kuchokera ku mitengo yakale, nayenso woyamba; mbewu yokhala ngati mwala yochokera ku phiri pamalire a maboma awiri imatchulidwanso m’malongosoledwe a Pu’an.
Pu’an Hongcha (普安红茶): Tiyi wofiira wa boma la Pu’an.
Guizhou Lücha (贵州绿茶): Dzina la chigawo la tiyi wobiriwira wa Guizhou, mulingo wokulirapo kuposa dzina la boma la Qinglong.

Pomaliza:

Qinglong Lücha ndi tiyi wobiriwira woyamba wakumapiri wa kum’mwera chakumadzulo kwa Guizhou: minda pa 1100–1700 m, kukolola kuyambira kumayambiriro kwa February, mitundu iwiri, yopindika ndi fungo lamphamvu lokhalitsa komanso yosalala ndi fungo loyera ndi kukoma kokoma kolemera. Kumbuyo kwake kuli mbewu yokhala ngati mwala ya 1980, yomwe boma limamanga mbiri yake ya tiyi, ndipo kuyambira 2017, ndi chitetezo cha malonda okhala ndi chizindikiro cha malo.

Magwero

Chizindikiro cha malo

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